Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that most of the reinforced concrete structures were severely damaged during earthquakes and they need major repair works. Beam column joints, being the lateral and vertical load resisting members in reinforced concrete structures are particularly vulnerable to failures during earthquakes. The existing reinforced concrete beam column joints which are not designed as per code IS13920:1993 must be strengthened since they do not meet the ductility requirements. The Finite element method (FEM) has become a staple for predicting and simulating the physical behaviour of complex engineering systems. The commercial finite element analysis (FEA) programs have gained common acceptance among engineers in industry and researchers. The details of the finite element analysis of beam column joints retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP) carried out using the package ANSYS are presented in this paper. Three exterior reinforced concrete beam column joint specimens were modelled using ANSYS package. The first specimen is the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000. The second specimen which is also the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 13920:1993. The third specimen had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000 and was retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. During the analysis both the ends of column were hinged. Static load was applied at the free end of the cantilever beam up to a controlled load. The performance of the retrofitted beam column joint was compared with the control specimens and the results are presented in this paper.
Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Seismic rehabilitation of beam column joint using gfrp sheets-2002Yara Mouna
The document summarizes a study that tested different rehabilitation techniques for improving the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Three beam-column joints were tested: a control specimen and two specimens that were rehabilitated using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. The control specimen failed in a brittle shear and bond failure mode, while the rehabilitated specimens exhibited a more ductile flexural failure of the beam. The rehabilitation techniques strengthened the joint shear capacity and prevented bond-slip failures of the beam reinforcement in the joint. A simple design methodology for the GFRP rehabilitation is proposed.
Behavior Of Castellated Composite Beam Subjected To Cyclic Loadsirjes
The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of beam-column sub-assemblages castella
due to cyclic loading. Knowing these behaviors can if be analyzed the effectiveness of the concrete filler to
reduce the damage and improve capacity of beam castella. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from
normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a
comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy
absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that
lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 %
and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to
improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of
184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility respectively 27.9 %
and 26 %, increases resistance ratio 52.5 % and slow the rate of degradation of the stiffness ratio 55.1 %..
Structural Analysis and Design of Castellated Beam in Fixed ActionAM Publications
The depth is the most important parameter which governs the sectional property of the section. For the serviceability moment of inertia plays very important role and moment of inertia of I-section is directly proportional to the third power of the depth. Research on cellular beams with circular web openings is very limited and is less developed than Cellular beams which may be attributed to the fact that cellular beams are more complicated to analyze due to their continuously changing section properties around the cell.
Study of castellated beam using stiffeners a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Now-a-days the use of castellated beam has been admired due to its beneficial functions like light in weight, easy to erect, economical and stronger. The castellated beam is manufactured from its parent solid I beam by cutting it in zigzag pattern and again joining it by welding, so that the depth of the beam increases. Hence, due to increase in depth of beam load carrying capacity of the parent I section is increased with same quantity of material. The increase in depth of castellated beam leads to web post buckling and lateral torsional buckling failure when these beams are subjected to loading. There are many other modes of failure like formation of flexure mechanism, lateral torsional buckling, and formation of vierendeel mechanism, rupture of the welded joint in a web post and shear buckling of a web post which needs to be taken care of. Study shows that use of stiffeners in the web portion of beam helps in minimizing these failures. Therefore, a detailed study in respect of number of stiffeners, size of stiffener and there locations in the web portion of castellated beam needs to be carried out. Hence, in the present paper an attempt has been made to review existing literature, concerned with strength of beam using stiffeners. The literature survey indicates that use of stiffeners in web portion of castellated beams helps in increasing the strength and also minimizing the deflection. Researchers have suggested using stiffener along the edges in order to reduce the stress concentration along openings.. Key Words: openings, castellated beam, cellular beam, stiffener, thickness.
IRJET- Fea & Experimental Analysis of Three Point Bending Test of Thin Walled...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing thin-walled circular structures filled with aluminum honeycomb that are subjected to three-point bending tests through finite element analysis and experimental testing. Specifically, the research involves:
1) Creating a 3D model of a circular specimen filled with aluminum honeycomb using CAD software and conducting experimental three-point bending tests on the specimen.
2) Analyzing the specimen through finite element analysis software and comparing the experimental and FEA results.
3) Drawing conclusions on the results and suggesting future work to further study circular thin-walled structures filled with honeycomb materials under three-point bending loads.
Castellated beam optimization by using Finite Element Analysis: A Review.theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Ultimate strength of composite beam with web openings subjected to combined n...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Seismic rehabilitation of beam column joint using gfrp sheets-2002Yara Mouna
The document summarizes a study that tested different rehabilitation techniques for improving the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Three beam-column joints were tested: a control specimen and two specimens that were rehabilitated using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. The control specimen failed in a brittle shear and bond failure mode, while the rehabilitated specimens exhibited a more ductile flexural failure of the beam. The rehabilitation techniques strengthened the joint shear capacity and prevented bond-slip failures of the beam reinforcement in the joint. A simple design methodology for the GFRP rehabilitation is proposed.
Behavior Of Castellated Composite Beam Subjected To Cyclic Loadsirjes
The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of beam-column sub-assemblages castella
due to cyclic loading. Knowing these behaviors can if be analyzed the effectiveness of the concrete filler to
reduce the damage and improve capacity of beam castella. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from
normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a
comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy
absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that
lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 %
and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to
improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of
184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility respectively 27.9 %
and 26 %, increases resistance ratio 52.5 % and slow the rate of degradation of the stiffness ratio 55.1 %..
Structural Analysis and Design of Castellated Beam in Fixed ActionAM Publications
The depth is the most important parameter which governs the sectional property of the section. For the serviceability moment of inertia plays very important role and moment of inertia of I-section is directly proportional to the third power of the depth. Research on cellular beams with circular web openings is very limited and is less developed than Cellular beams which may be attributed to the fact that cellular beams are more complicated to analyze due to their continuously changing section properties around the cell.
Study of castellated beam using stiffeners a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Now-a-days the use of castellated beam has been admired due to its beneficial functions like light in weight, easy to erect, economical and stronger. The castellated beam is manufactured from its parent solid I beam by cutting it in zigzag pattern and again joining it by welding, so that the depth of the beam increases. Hence, due to increase in depth of beam load carrying capacity of the parent I section is increased with same quantity of material. The increase in depth of castellated beam leads to web post buckling and lateral torsional buckling failure when these beams are subjected to loading. There are many other modes of failure like formation of flexure mechanism, lateral torsional buckling, and formation of vierendeel mechanism, rupture of the welded joint in a web post and shear buckling of a web post which needs to be taken care of. Study shows that use of stiffeners in the web portion of beam helps in minimizing these failures. Therefore, a detailed study in respect of number of stiffeners, size of stiffener and there locations in the web portion of castellated beam needs to be carried out. Hence, in the present paper an attempt has been made to review existing literature, concerned with strength of beam using stiffeners. The literature survey indicates that use of stiffeners in web portion of castellated beams helps in increasing the strength and also minimizing the deflection. Researchers have suggested using stiffener along the edges in order to reduce the stress concentration along openings.. Key Words: openings, castellated beam, cellular beam, stiffener, thickness.
IRJET- Fea & Experimental Analysis of Three Point Bending Test of Thin Walled...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing thin-walled circular structures filled with aluminum honeycomb that are subjected to three-point bending tests through finite element analysis and experimental testing. Specifically, the research involves:
1) Creating a 3D model of a circular specimen filled with aluminum honeycomb using CAD software and conducting experimental three-point bending tests on the specimen.
2) Analyzing the specimen through finite element analysis software and comparing the experimental and FEA results.
3) Drawing conclusions on the results and suggesting future work to further study circular thin-walled structures filled with honeycomb materials under three-point bending loads.
Castellated beam optimization by using Finite Element Analysis: A Review.theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Ultimate strength of composite beam with web openings subjected to combined n...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MODELS FOR CONFINED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH FIBER COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
Many studies have been done to find a convenient representation of physical behavior Fiber Reinforced Polymers for strengthening or retrofitted techniques which can enhance stress-strain performance of existing reinforced concrete structures. FRP composites are used for strengthening applications mainly due to the lightweight, high compressive strength, resistance to corrosion, speed and ease of application and formed on site. Conceptually, the s tress strain relation of concrete as a non-homogenous and nonlinear composite material is not unique that depends on the many variables.
IRJET-Cyclic Response of Perforated Beam in Steel Column JointsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the cyclic response of perforated steel beams in column joints under finite element analysis. The study analyzed the effect of various web opening parameters on the energy dissipation capacity of beams with circular and elongated circular openings. A finite element model was validated against experimental data and then used to conduct a parametric study. The study found that energy dissipation increased as opening size and dimensions increased, with maximum dissipation achieved when the opening depth was 80% of the beam depth. Openings with an elongated circular shape oriented across the beam depth also dissipated more energy than other orientations. In general, beams with larger perforations performed better in dissipating energy during cyclic loading.
SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE DEEP BEAMSIAEME Publication
The self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the newest innovating category of high performance concrete. The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacted Concrete (FRSCC) deep beams was investigated. The experimental program consisted of twelve simply supported beams tested up to failure under four-point load. The key parameters covered in this investigation were steel fibers ratios (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00%) and the effective shear span to depth ratio; a/d that varied from 0.6 to 1.0. Also, the main flexure reinforcement ratio was variable (1.0, 1.60 and 2.20 percent). In addition, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement effect was investigated. The mid-span deflection, cracks, reinforcement and concrete strains of the tested beams were recorded and compared. Test results pointed out that the steel fibers enhanced the cracking load, ultimate capacity, displacement and energy absorption of the tested FRSCC deep beams.
Study on Steel Beam Column Joint using Different Connections – State of ArtIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on different types of steel beam-column connections, focusing on reduced beam section (RBS) connections. It discusses how RBS connections improve ductility by localizing plastic hinging in the reduced beam section, away from the connection. Several studies are summarized that experimentally and numerically analyze the behavior of RBS connections under cyclic loading, finding they provide excellent ductile performance by maintaining the elasticity of the connection region. Parameters like RBS geometry and profile are investigated. The document concludes RBS connections enhance seismic performance by preventing failure of connection components.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
IRJETI Comparison of RC Beam-Column Joint with GFRC Beam-Column Joint using S...IRJET Journal
This study compares reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints to glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam-column joints using finite element analysis in ANSYS. A corner beam-column joint from a two-story building was modeled in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS under 10 N/mm and 20 N/mm loads. The GFRC joint showed significantly less deformation than the RC joint, with deformations reduced by 4-6% when using GFRC. Therefore, using GFRC can improve joint performance by reducing deformations.
Analytical Investigation on External Beam-Column Joint Using ANSYS By Varying...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the effect of varying the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement in the beam on the strength, deformation, and ductility of exterior beam-column joints using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Six beam-column joint models were created with beam longitudinal reinforcement diameters of 8mm, 10mm, and 12mm. The results showed that as the diameter increased, the load carrying capacity and cracking load decreased. Ductility also decreased as the diameter increased, with ductility reducing by 12.8% from 8mm to 12mm reinforcement. Deflection at working load and ultimate deformation increased as the diameter increased. In conclusion, the diameter of beam longitudinal reinforcement plays a major role in the behavior and performance of beam-column joints.
Analysing The Composite Structure Of Riverted ,Hybrid And Bonded JointsIJERA Editor
Composite materials have been widely used as structural elements in aircraft structures due to their superior
properties. Aircraft structure is a huge assembly of skins, spars, frames etc. The structure consists of an
assembly of sub-structures properly arranged and connected to form a load transmission path. Such load
transmission path is achieved using joints. Joints constitute the weakest zones in the structure. Failure may occur
due to various reasons such as stress concentrations, excessive deflections etc. or a combination of these.
Therefore, to utilize the full potential of composite materials, the strength and stress distribution in the joints has
to be understood so that suitable configuration can be chosen for various applications
This document summarizes research on developing a hysteretic model for stiffened steel shear panel dampers to be used as passive energy dissipating devices (PEDDs) in structures. Finite element analyses were conducted on steel shear panels with varying numbers of longitudinal and transverse stiffeners under cyclic loading. Key parameters investigated include web slenderness, the ratio of stiffener rigidity to optimum rigidity, aspect ratio, and the ratio of flange thickness to web thickness. Based on the results, a simplified bilinear hysteretic model and equation to estimate ultimate shear strength of stiffened shear panels are presented.
The document experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel sections with triangular web corrugations. Three beam specimens with varying web depths of 200mm, 250mm, and 300mm were tested under two-point loading. The results show that flexural capacity increases with web depth. All beams failed by crushing of the top flange and lateral torsional buckling. Finite element analysis using ANSYS software correlated well with experimental results. The triangular web corrugations improved flexural strength compared to flat webs and prevented failure in the web or shear zones.
The document summarizes research on the design and fabrication of hybrid composite springs. Five different types of springs were created using epoxy, glass fiber, and silk at varying volume fractions. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the springs' performance. Literature on composite leaf springs, natural fiber composites, and fatigue testing of helical springs is also reviewed. The research aims to reduce vehicle weight through replacing traditional steel springs with lighter composite alternatives.
Experimental and fea analysis of composite leaf spring by varying thicknesseSAT Journals
Abstract
The work is carried out on composite leaf spring of a commercial vehicle. The objective of this work is to carryout design and analysis of composite leaf spring with experimental design consideration and loading condition. The material of leaf spring is E-GFRC (Glass Fiber reinforced composite). The GFRC leaf springs are manufactured by hand lay-up method which were evaluated and study. The model of composite leaf spring is prepared and analyzed using ANSYS14.5 for the deflection and stresses under defined loading condition. The experimental and FEA result compared for validation. The dimension of conventional leaf spring is taken with varying thickness for evaluation of result and Static analysis is performed
Keywords: E-glass/epoxy composite, ANSYS14.5, Static Analysis.
Experimental investigation on torsion bar suspension system using e glass fi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analytical Study of Steel Fibre Reinforced Rigid Pavements Under Moving Loadsijsrd.com
Nowadays, the application of steel fibers in concrete has increased gradually as an engineering material. The knowledge is not only necessary to provide safe, efficient and economic design for the present, but it also to serve as a rational basis for extended future applications. In this study, steel fibre reinforced rigid pavements are analyzed for stresses developed due to Moving loads & temperature differentials. Comparison of curling stresses in SFRC with conventional concrete is carried out. All the models are generated and analysis is carried out using the ANSYS software. Parametric study for the effect of change in slab length & slab thickness of pavements on curling stresses is also done. Curling stresses due to Linear & Non linear temperature distribution in top & bottom layer of SFRC pavement slabs are also calculated. Frictional stresses in SFRC due to uniform temperature differential are almost same as conventional concrete. Analysis results shows, SFRC develops more stresses as compared to conventional concrete & Non linear temperature distribution develops more stresses than linear temperature distribution. SFRC pavements are analyzed for Single axle moving loads for two different speeds. Results reveal that the loading stresses are higher, when the loads are at starting position of edge.
Buckling behavior of straight slot tubesunder oblique loading – A comparative...IJAEMSJORNAL
Hollow tubes are the most important or crucial parts of the rapidly growing automobile and construction industry. The tube is subjected to pure buckling. In theanalysis, one end is fixed and the force is applied to theother end and by application of different angles of inclinations ranging from 0˚ to 20˚ with different thicknessof the range of 0.5 to 2.0. Linear buckling code was used forfinding the critical buckling load. This research paper is about the effects of buckling under oblique loading. It is the process in which the tube is subjected to compressive oblique loading and the tube fails by the first increase in crossectional area and then bulging on any of the sides but in the case, oblique loading in hollow tube shell bulges internally or inside the perimeter of the tube.
Theoretical study for r.c. columns strengthened with gfrp with different main...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3631.9041
It becomes a common practice to strength and repair reinforced concrete columns by wrapping them with GFRP sheets. The aim of this research is to develop a formula to describe the relation between the gain of strength of reinforced concrete square columns, their longitudinal reinforcement and number of warped layers of GFRP sheets. The research is based on simulating loading tests of a set of 12 reinforced concrete columns with different reinforcement ratios and different number of warped layers of GFRP sheets using ANSYS software. The outputs of the ANSYS models are verified using experimental tests results carried out by the author in earlier research. The results of the study are used to develop a proposed formula to correlate the axial capacity of the warped square RC column with its reinforcement ratio and the confining stress caused by the sheets. Values from both proposed formula design and formula of Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) are compared with ANSYS outputs and experimental results. The final conclusion is that gained strength due to confining equals to (confining stress / Fcu)
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
IRJET- Behaviour of Castellated Beam with Coupled StiffenerIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a study on the behavior of castellated beams with coupled stiffeners. A steel I-section beam is selected and analyzed using finite element analysis software.
2) Experimental testing is conducted on beams with two-point loading. The deflection at the beam center and various failure patterns are examined. The goal is to determine if load capacity increases or decreases with an optimized stiffener placed within hexagonal openings.
3) Previous research has looked at shear buckling behavior of web-posts, parametric studies of connections with circular openings, and using topology optimization to design perforated sections. Stiffeners are commonly used to strengthen plates and increase shear and moment resistance.
INTERFACIAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF EXTERNALLY PLATED RC BEAMSIjripublishers Ijri
Strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams by bonding steel or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) on its tension face
has become a popular retrofit method due to its rapid, simple and other advantages. However, debonding along the
Steel-RC beam interface can lead to premature failure of the structures. The interfacial stresses play a significant role
in understanding this premature debonding failure of such repaired structures. This paper presents a careful finite
element investigation into interfacial stresses in the adhesive layer bonding RC beam and soffit plate. Finite element
modelling issues like proper selection of contact between adherents and symmetry conditions are first
discussed, with particular attention on appropriate finite element meshes for the accurate determination of interfacial
stresses. The interfacial stress behaviour at plate end has been analysed for two cases of loading taken one by applying
uniformly distributed load and the other with a two point loading. Two special cases are considered in two point
loading – for the cases when the plate terminates with-in the constant moment region (CMR) and for the case when
plate is extended beyond constant moment region where bending moment is minimal. The interfacial stresses are
increasing with a reduction in adhesive layer thickness where as the stresses are increasing with the increase in soffit
plate thickness. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) has shown a significant reduction in interfacial stresses
when compared to steel plate. The interfacial stresses for the plate restricted within the constant moment region are very
high near the plate end leading to flexural debonding compared to the case where plate is extended beyond constant
moment region where bending moment is minimal. The concentration of stresses in the adhesive layer near the plate
end explained the significance in considering their influence in flexural debonding.
Keywords-- Interfacial stresses, flexural debonding, constant moment region, soffit plate, finite element method.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MODELS FOR CONFINED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH FIBER COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
Many studies have been done to find a convenient representation of physical behavior Fiber Reinforced Polymers for strengthening or retrofitted techniques which can enhance stress-strain performance of existing reinforced concrete structures. FRP composites are used for strengthening applications mainly due to the lightweight, high compressive strength, resistance to corrosion, speed and ease of application and formed on site. Conceptually, the s tress strain relation of concrete as a non-homogenous and nonlinear composite material is not unique that depends on the many variables.
IRJET-Cyclic Response of Perforated Beam in Steel Column JointsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the cyclic response of perforated steel beams in column joints under finite element analysis. The study analyzed the effect of various web opening parameters on the energy dissipation capacity of beams with circular and elongated circular openings. A finite element model was validated against experimental data and then used to conduct a parametric study. The study found that energy dissipation increased as opening size and dimensions increased, with maximum dissipation achieved when the opening depth was 80% of the beam depth. Openings with an elongated circular shape oriented across the beam depth also dissipated more energy than other orientations. In general, beams with larger perforations performed better in dissipating energy during cyclic loading.
SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE DEEP BEAMSIAEME Publication
The self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the newest innovating category of high performance concrete. The shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacted Concrete (FRSCC) deep beams was investigated. The experimental program consisted of twelve simply supported beams tested up to failure under four-point load. The key parameters covered in this investigation were steel fibers ratios (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00%) and the effective shear span to depth ratio; a/d that varied from 0.6 to 1.0. Also, the main flexure reinforcement ratio was variable (1.0, 1.60 and 2.20 percent). In addition, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement effect was investigated. The mid-span deflection, cracks, reinforcement and concrete strains of the tested beams were recorded and compared. Test results pointed out that the steel fibers enhanced the cracking load, ultimate capacity, displacement and energy absorption of the tested FRSCC deep beams.
Study on Steel Beam Column Joint using Different Connections – State of ArtIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on different types of steel beam-column connections, focusing on reduced beam section (RBS) connections. It discusses how RBS connections improve ductility by localizing plastic hinging in the reduced beam section, away from the connection. Several studies are summarized that experimentally and numerically analyze the behavior of RBS connections under cyclic loading, finding they provide excellent ductile performance by maintaining the elasticity of the connection region. Parameters like RBS geometry and profile are investigated. The document concludes RBS connections enhance seismic performance by preventing failure of connection components.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
IRJETI Comparison of RC Beam-Column Joint with GFRC Beam-Column Joint using S...IRJET Journal
This study compares reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints to glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam-column joints using finite element analysis in ANSYS. A corner beam-column joint from a two-story building was modeled in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS under 10 N/mm and 20 N/mm loads. The GFRC joint showed significantly less deformation than the RC joint, with deformations reduced by 4-6% when using GFRC. Therefore, using GFRC can improve joint performance by reducing deformations.
Analytical Investigation on External Beam-Column Joint Using ANSYS By Varying...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the effect of varying the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement in the beam on the strength, deformation, and ductility of exterior beam-column joints using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Six beam-column joint models were created with beam longitudinal reinforcement diameters of 8mm, 10mm, and 12mm. The results showed that as the diameter increased, the load carrying capacity and cracking load decreased. Ductility also decreased as the diameter increased, with ductility reducing by 12.8% from 8mm to 12mm reinforcement. Deflection at working load and ultimate deformation increased as the diameter increased. In conclusion, the diameter of beam longitudinal reinforcement plays a major role in the behavior and performance of beam-column joints.
Analysing The Composite Structure Of Riverted ,Hybrid And Bonded JointsIJERA Editor
Composite materials have been widely used as structural elements in aircraft structures due to their superior
properties. Aircraft structure is a huge assembly of skins, spars, frames etc. The structure consists of an
assembly of sub-structures properly arranged and connected to form a load transmission path. Such load
transmission path is achieved using joints. Joints constitute the weakest zones in the structure. Failure may occur
due to various reasons such as stress concentrations, excessive deflections etc. or a combination of these.
Therefore, to utilize the full potential of composite materials, the strength and stress distribution in the joints has
to be understood so that suitable configuration can be chosen for various applications
This document summarizes research on developing a hysteretic model for stiffened steel shear panel dampers to be used as passive energy dissipating devices (PEDDs) in structures. Finite element analyses were conducted on steel shear panels with varying numbers of longitudinal and transverse stiffeners under cyclic loading. Key parameters investigated include web slenderness, the ratio of stiffener rigidity to optimum rigidity, aspect ratio, and the ratio of flange thickness to web thickness. Based on the results, a simplified bilinear hysteretic model and equation to estimate ultimate shear strength of stiffened shear panels are presented.
The document experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel sections with triangular web corrugations. Three beam specimens with varying web depths of 200mm, 250mm, and 300mm were tested under two-point loading. The results show that flexural capacity increases with web depth. All beams failed by crushing of the top flange and lateral torsional buckling. Finite element analysis using ANSYS software correlated well with experimental results. The triangular web corrugations improved flexural strength compared to flat webs and prevented failure in the web or shear zones.
The document summarizes research on the design and fabrication of hybrid composite springs. Five different types of springs were created using epoxy, glass fiber, and silk at varying volume fractions. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the springs' performance. Literature on composite leaf springs, natural fiber composites, and fatigue testing of helical springs is also reviewed. The research aims to reduce vehicle weight through replacing traditional steel springs with lighter composite alternatives.
Experimental and fea analysis of composite leaf spring by varying thicknesseSAT Journals
Abstract
The work is carried out on composite leaf spring of a commercial vehicle. The objective of this work is to carryout design and analysis of composite leaf spring with experimental design consideration and loading condition. The material of leaf spring is E-GFRC (Glass Fiber reinforced composite). The GFRC leaf springs are manufactured by hand lay-up method which were evaluated and study. The model of composite leaf spring is prepared and analyzed using ANSYS14.5 for the deflection and stresses under defined loading condition. The experimental and FEA result compared for validation. The dimension of conventional leaf spring is taken with varying thickness for evaluation of result and Static analysis is performed
Keywords: E-glass/epoxy composite, ANSYS14.5, Static Analysis.
Experimental investigation on torsion bar suspension system using e glass fi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analytical Study of Steel Fibre Reinforced Rigid Pavements Under Moving Loadsijsrd.com
Nowadays, the application of steel fibers in concrete has increased gradually as an engineering material. The knowledge is not only necessary to provide safe, efficient and economic design for the present, but it also to serve as a rational basis for extended future applications. In this study, steel fibre reinforced rigid pavements are analyzed for stresses developed due to Moving loads & temperature differentials. Comparison of curling stresses in SFRC with conventional concrete is carried out. All the models are generated and analysis is carried out using the ANSYS software. Parametric study for the effect of change in slab length & slab thickness of pavements on curling stresses is also done. Curling stresses due to Linear & Non linear temperature distribution in top & bottom layer of SFRC pavement slabs are also calculated. Frictional stresses in SFRC due to uniform temperature differential are almost same as conventional concrete. Analysis results shows, SFRC develops more stresses as compared to conventional concrete & Non linear temperature distribution develops more stresses than linear temperature distribution. SFRC pavements are analyzed for Single axle moving loads for two different speeds. Results reveal that the loading stresses are higher, when the loads are at starting position of edge.
Buckling behavior of straight slot tubesunder oblique loading – A comparative...IJAEMSJORNAL
Hollow tubes are the most important or crucial parts of the rapidly growing automobile and construction industry. The tube is subjected to pure buckling. In theanalysis, one end is fixed and the force is applied to theother end and by application of different angles of inclinations ranging from 0˚ to 20˚ with different thicknessof the range of 0.5 to 2.0. Linear buckling code was used forfinding the critical buckling load. This research paper is about the effects of buckling under oblique loading. It is the process in which the tube is subjected to compressive oblique loading and the tube fails by the first increase in crossectional area and then bulging on any of the sides but in the case, oblique loading in hollow tube shell bulges internally or inside the perimeter of the tube.
Theoretical study for r.c. columns strengthened with gfrp with different main...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3631.9041
It becomes a common practice to strength and repair reinforced concrete columns by wrapping them with GFRP sheets. The aim of this research is to develop a formula to describe the relation between the gain of strength of reinforced concrete square columns, their longitudinal reinforcement and number of warped layers of GFRP sheets. The research is based on simulating loading tests of a set of 12 reinforced concrete columns with different reinforcement ratios and different number of warped layers of GFRP sheets using ANSYS software. The outputs of the ANSYS models are verified using experimental tests results carried out by the author in earlier research. The results of the study are used to develop a proposed formula to correlate the axial capacity of the warped square RC column with its reinforcement ratio and the confining stress caused by the sheets. Values from both proposed formula design and formula of Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) are compared with ANSYS outputs and experimental results. The final conclusion is that gained strength due to confining equals to (confining stress / Fcu)
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
IRJET- Behaviour of Castellated Beam with Coupled StiffenerIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a study on the behavior of castellated beams with coupled stiffeners. A steel I-section beam is selected and analyzed using finite element analysis software.
2) Experimental testing is conducted on beams with two-point loading. The deflection at the beam center and various failure patterns are examined. The goal is to determine if load capacity increases or decreases with an optimized stiffener placed within hexagonal openings.
3) Previous research has looked at shear buckling behavior of web-posts, parametric studies of connections with circular openings, and using topology optimization to design perforated sections. Stiffeners are commonly used to strengthen plates and increase shear and moment resistance.
INTERFACIAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF EXTERNALLY PLATED RC BEAMSIjripublishers Ijri
Strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams by bonding steel or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) on its tension face
has become a popular retrofit method due to its rapid, simple and other advantages. However, debonding along the
Steel-RC beam interface can lead to premature failure of the structures. The interfacial stresses play a significant role
in understanding this premature debonding failure of such repaired structures. This paper presents a careful finite
element investigation into interfacial stresses in the adhesive layer bonding RC beam and soffit plate. Finite element
modelling issues like proper selection of contact between adherents and symmetry conditions are first
discussed, with particular attention on appropriate finite element meshes for the accurate determination of interfacial
stresses. The interfacial stress behaviour at plate end has been analysed for two cases of loading taken one by applying
uniformly distributed load and the other with a two point loading. Two special cases are considered in two point
loading – for the cases when the plate terminates with-in the constant moment region (CMR) and for the case when
plate is extended beyond constant moment region where bending moment is minimal. The interfacial stresses are
increasing with a reduction in adhesive layer thickness where as the stresses are increasing with the increase in soffit
plate thickness. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) has shown a significant reduction in interfacial stresses
when compared to steel plate. The interfacial stresses for the plate restricted within the constant moment region are very
high near the plate end leading to flexural debonding compared to the case where plate is extended beyond constant
moment region where bending moment is minimal. The concentration of stresses in the adhesive layer near the plate
end explained the significance in considering their influence in flexural debonding.
Keywords-- Interfacial stresses, flexural debonding, constant moment region, soffit plate, finite element method.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative study of experimental and analytical results of frp strengthened ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
GFRC was originally developed in Russia in the 1940s but did not come into widespread use until the 1970s. It is used to make large, lightweight panels that are often used as building facades for commercial and residential structures. While GFRC provides tensile strength, it does not replace reinforced concrete for load-bearing structures. GFRC contains alkali-resistant glass fibers bound in a polymer and concrete matrix that transfers loads between fibers.
Tabitha G presents on retrofitting existing structures using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. FRP composites involve reinforcing fibres like carbon, glass or aramid embedded in a polymer resin matrix. Retrofitting techniques involve bonding the FRP composites to the exterior of structures to improve their strength. The process involves surface preparation, applying the FRP laminates, and curing. FRP retrofitting provides benefits like increased strength, corrosion resistance and durability. It can be used to reinforce structures in transportation, construction, marine and other fields, though specialized skills are required and it may not be suitable for all structures.
This document provides an overview of ABAQUS finite element analysis software. It discusses the different ABAQUS products, why ABAQUS is useful to learn, documentation resources, and how to build simple models. It also gives examples of modeling a cantilever beam and truss structure, showing the model definition, material properties, loads, and desired output.
This document discusses fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials and their use in strengthening structures. It provides definitions of composites and FRP composites. It describes the advantages of composites over traditional materials such as corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and design flexibility. The key constituents of composites are described as the resin, reinforcements, and fillers. Various resin and fiber types are discussed and compared in terms of their properties. The document outlines different manufacturing processes and how composites can be tailored for specific structural applications by adjusting variables like fiber type, orientation, and resin selection.
1. The document introduces reinforced concrete structures and provides an overview of their design process. It discusses common building elements like beams, slabs, columns, and foundations.
2. The design process involves analyzing loads, selecting an efficient structural form, evaluating safety, and planning construction. Designs must consider strength, serviceability, and safety factors.
3. Reinforced concrete is designed using limit state theory according to code BS 8110. Designs consider ultimate and serviceability limit states, and evaluate different load combinations and factors of safety.
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites Rebar Steven Tyler
Mission - Promote the use and growth of FRP reinforcement (rebar, tendons & grids) in concrete and masonry applications through development of quality procedures, industry specifications, performance standards, and field application guidelines.
http://www.bpcomposites.com/
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides a critical review of research on structural dynamic modification of beam structures. It discusses the origins and developments in structural dynamic modification techniques from the late 1970s through the 2000s. Key developments include the use of finite element models, estimation of rotational degrees of freedom, consideration of damping effects, optimization approaches, sensitivity analysis, and both direct and inverse modification problems. The review covers applications of structural dynamic modification to real structures like engines and machine tools to improve dynamic behavior.
Probabilistic Design of Hollow Circular Composite Structure by using Finite E...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study that uses finite element analysis to analyze the bending stress of a hollow circular composite beam under static loading conditions while accounting for uncertainty in design variables. A probabilistic design system is used to simulate the effects of varying the beam's length, radius, material properties, ply angles, thickness, and applied load on the bending stress. The results identify that variation in load, radius, modulus, ply thickness, and angles have the most significant effect on bending stress. The analysis finds the bending stress can range from 104 to 392 MPa with a 90% probability of being below 250 MPa. Improving the robustness of the design may require addressing variables with the highest sensitivity on bending stress.
REVIEW STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A LAMINATED COMPOSITE BEAMIRJET Journal
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Manoj Kumar Kongari is seeking a role in CAE and design. He has over 2 years of experience as a CAE engineer. He holds a B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering and certifications in SolidWorks. His project experience includes structural analysis of various mechanical assemblies and components using FEA tools like ABAQUS and SolidWorks Simulation. He has strong communication, analytical, and teamwork skills.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document analytically investigates the behavior of reinforced concrete columns confined by fiber reinforced polymer sheets using finite element analysis software ANSYS. A square reinforced concrete column specimen was modeled in ANSYS based on the dimensions and material properties from an experimental investigation. The column was modeled as confined and unconfined, and the load-displacement behavior was established. Crack patterns were observed at failure loads. The results found that ANSYS can effectively simulate the behavior of FRP confined reinforced concrete columns and predict increased load capacity compared to unconfined columns.
This document provides the syllabus for the M.Tech program in Structural Engineering & Natural Disaster Management at GITAM University.
It outlines the courses offered in each semester, including the course code, name, credits, instruction scheme, and examination scheme for each. Some key courses include Theory of Elasticity, Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design, Finite Element Methods, Structural Dynamics, Earthquake Engineering, and Stability of Structures.
Students must complete a total of 82 credits over 4 semesters, including a research project in the third and fourth semesters. The document also lists recommended reference books for each course.
Investigation of Effects of impact loads on Framed StructuresIJMER
This research work consists of a general overview of numerical analysis and dynamic
response of framed structures under impact loading. The purpose of the work is to introduce the Finite
Element Method which is difficult while analyzing dynamic response to framed structures. Also to
introduce the Ansys software and it will also explain and discuss particular model cases subjected to
various impact loadings. With these models there will be understanding of the behavior of framed
structures showing the clear results of stress, strain and deformation developed throughout the
structures.
Today, retrofitting of the old structures is important. For this purpose, determination of capacities for these buildings, which mostly are non-ductile, is a very useful tool. In this context, non-ductile RC joint in concrete structures, as one of the most important elements in these buildings are considered, and the shear capacity, especially for retrofitting goals can be very beneficial. In this paper, three famous soft computing methods including artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and also group method of data handling (GMDH) were used to estimating the shear capacity for this type of RC joints. A set of experimental data which were a failure in joint are collected, and first, the effective parameters were identified. Based on these parameters, predictive models are presented in detail and compare with each other. The results showed that the considered soft computing techniques are very good capabilities to determine the shear capacity.
Non Linear Analysis of Composite Beam Slab Junction with Shear Connectors usi...inventionjournals
This document presents a non-linear finite element analysis of composite beam-slab junctions using ANSYS 16. It summarizes the research objectives, which include validating an ANSYS model against experimental test results and investigating the effects of shear connector type on the behavior of composite beams under cyclic loading. The study models a composite beam tested by Chapman and Balkrishnan using solid elements for concrete, link elements for rebar, and contact elements at the interface. Results show the model matches experimental data within 20% and that rectangular shear connectors are more effective at reducing deflection than circular connectors.
IRJET-Authentication System – Overview of Graphical PasswordsIRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of perforated beam-column connections using ANSYS software. The study aims to model and analyze the behavior of connections with circular and hexagonal web openings.
2. An analytical model of a conventional beam-column connection is first created and validated against experimental test results from previous literature. The response of perforated connections is then compared to the conventional design.
3. The load-deflection behavior and von Mises stresses are evaluated for connections with varying numbers of openings. Results show that perforated connections perform similarly to conventional ones, with only minor increases in deflection and stress.
IRJET- Behaviour of Triangular Hollow Flange Cold-Formed Steel BeamIRJET Journal
This document discusses testing and numerical analysis of the behavior of triangular hollow flange cold-formed steel beams. A beam with dimensions of 100x150x1.6mm was tested under two-point loading in a simply supported condition. Finite element analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software. The analysis found that this unique section is susceptible to lateral distortional buckling involving lateral deflection, twist, and cross-section change in the web. Both experimental and numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the flexural behavior and buckling modes of the triangular hollow flange beam section.
IRJET- Structural Analysis of Transmission Tower: State of ArtIRJET Journal
This document discusses research on analyzing the structural stability of transmission towers. It reviews several past studies that have analyzed transmission towers using finite element analysis software like ANSYS and STAAD Pro. The studies examined different modeling techniques, load conditions including wind and seismic loads, and compared the performance of straight vs tapered tower designs. Finite element modeling was found to be effective for studying stresses in transmission tower components and joints under static and dynamic loads.
This document reviews the use of ANSYS finite element analysis software to model reactive powder concrete (RPC). It discusses how ANSYS can be used to perform various types of structural analyses, including static, modal, transient dynamic and buckling analyses. The review then describes how RPC specimens were modeled and meshed in ANSYS, and the results obtained, including stress contours showing higher shear stresses at connections. It concludes RPC behaves in an elasto-plastic manner initially, then is plastic dominated, and that fiber reinforcement improves its shear strength through fiber pullout and dowel action.
BEAM COLUMN JOINT ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS LOADING USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FO...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of beam-column joints in steel structures. Various column and beam sections are modeled and analyzed under different loading conditions, including dead load, live load, wind load, and earthquake load. The maximum bending moment in the beam and axial force in the column are determined. Three types of column configurations and two types of beam sections are considered. 48 models are created in Staad Pro software to analyze the different combinations of spans, heights, geometries and loading. The results show the maximum deformation, stresses from the finite element analysis to understand the effect of different parameters on the structural response.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH TWO ENDS FIXED ON VERTICAL WALL USING FIN...IAEME Publication
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Hyperelastic material models in finite element analysis of polymersKartik Srinivas
This paper describes the Hyperelastic material models and strain energy functions used in the finite element analysis (FEA) of polymers. Material characterization testing
This document discusses various techniques for non-linear structural analysis using finite element methods. It covers the differences between linear and non-linear analysis, MATLAB-based truss and push-over analyses, using experimental data to build material models for tensile testing simulations, buckling analysis of a stiffened panel, ultimate strength analysis of a hull girder, and comparing the Smith method and finite element analysis for calculating ultimate strength. The goal is to demonstrate various non-linear analysis methods and validate models using experimental data.
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Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joints Retrofitted With CFRP Sheets Using Ansys
1. T. Subramani et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 12( Part 5), December 2014, pp.69-76
www.ijera.com 69 | P a g e
Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete
Beam Column Joints Retrofitted With CFRP Sheets Using Ansys
T. Subramani1
, S.Krishnan2
, M.S.Saravanan3
, Suboth Thomas4
1
Professor & Dean, Department Of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions
University, Salem, India.
2
Associate Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahendra College of Engineering,
Salem, India.
3
Associate Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, Annapoorana Engineering College, Salem, Tamilnadu,
India.
4
Professor & Director, Salem School of Architecture, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India.
ABSTRACT
Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that most of the reinforced concrete structures were severely
damaged during earthquakes and they need major repair works. Beam column joints, being the lateral and
vertical load resisting members in reinforced concrete structures a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y v u l n e r a b l e t o
f a i l u r e s d u r i n g e a r t h q u a k e s . The existing reinforced concrete beam column joints which are
not designed as per code IS13920:1993 must be strengthened since they do not meet the ductility
requirements. The Finite element method (FEM) has become a staple for predicting and simulating the
physical behaviour of complex engineering systems. The commercial finite element analysis
(FEA) programs have gained common acceptance among engineers in industry and researchers. The
details of the finite element analysis of beam column joints retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced
polymer sheets (CFRP) carried out using the package ANSYS are presented in this paper. Three exterior
reinforced concrete beam column joint specimens were modelled using ANSYS package. The first specimen
is the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000. The second specimen which is also
the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 13920:1993. The third specimen had
reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000 and was retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)
sheets. During the analysis both the ends of column were hinged. Static load was applied at the free end of
the cantilever beam up to a controlled load. The performance of the retrofitted beam column joint was
compared with the control specimens and the results are presented in this paper.
KEYWORDS: Finite Element Modelling, Behaviour, RCC Beam Column Joints Retrofitted With CFRP
Sheets, Ansys
I INTRODUCTION
The techniques of using fiber sheets for
strengthen the beam-column joints have a
number of favourable characteristics such as ease
to install, immunity to corrosion and high
strength. The simplest way to strengthen the joints
is to wrap fibres sheets in the joint region in two
orthogonal directions. Many fibre reinforced
polymer sheets are available in the market for
strengthening reinforced concrete members.
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets are
commonly used for retrofitting the structural
elements. During the present investigation,
ANSYS modelling of reinforced concrete
beam-column joints has been carried out to
understand the behaviour of retrofitted reinforced
concrete beam-Column joint specimens retrofitted
with carbon fibre wrapping sheets.
II INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
The ANSYS program has many finite
element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple,
linear, static analysis to a complex non – linear,
transient dynamic analysis.
A typical ANSYS analysis has three distinct steps:
Building the model
Applying loads and obtains the
solution
Review the results.
2.1 BUILDING THE MODEL:
Building a finite element model requires a
more of an ANSYS user’s time than any other part
of the analysis. First you specify the job name and
analysis title. Then, define the element types, real
constants, and material properties, and the model
geometry.
2.2 DEFINING ELEMENT TYPES:
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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The analysis element library contains more
than 100 different element types. Each element type
has a unique number and a prefix that identifies the
element category. Example: beam, pipe, plant, shell,
solid.
2.3 DEFINING ELEMENT REAL CONSTANTS:
Element real constant are the properties that
depend on the element type, such as cross sectional
properties of a beam element. For example real
constants for BEAM3 , the 2-d beam element, or
area, moment of inertia(IZZ), height , shear
deflection constant (SHEAR Z), initial strain
(ISTRN) different elements of same type may have
different real constant values.
2.4 DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
Most elements types require material
properties. Depending on the application, material
properties may be:
Linear or non linear
Isotropic, Orthotropic, or an isotropic
Constant temperature or temperature –
dependant
As with element type and real constant, each
set of material properties has a material reference
number. The table of material reference number
verses material property set ids called material
property table. Within, one analysis you may have
multiple material properties set.
2.5 MATERIAL PROPERTY TEST:
Although you can define material properties
separately for each element analysis, the ANSY
program enables you to store a material property set
in an archival material library file, then retrieve the
set and reuse it in multiple analysis. The material
library files also enable several ANSYS user to share
common used material property data.
III OVERVIEW OF MODEL
GENERATION
The ultimate purpose of finite element
analysis which to recreate mathematical the
behaviour of an actual engineering system. In other
words, the analysis must be an accurate
mathematical model of a physical prototype. In the
broadest sense, this model comprises all the nodes,
elements, material properties, real constant,
boundary conditions, and other features that are used
to represent the physical system. In ANSYS
terminology, the term model generation usually
takes on the narrower meaning of generating the
nodes and elements that represent the spatial volume
and connectivity of actual system. Thus, model
generation in this discussion will mean the process
of define the geometric configuration model’s nodes
and elements.
The ANSYS program offers you the following
approaches to model generation:
Creating a solid model within
ANSYS.
Using direct generation reporting a
model created in CAD system.
3.1 MESHING YOUR SOLID MODEL:
The procedure for generating a mesh of
nodes & elements consists of three main steps:
Set the element attributes
Set mesh controls
Generate the mesh controls,
The second step, setting mesh
controls, is not always necessary because the default
mesh controls are appropriate for many models. If
no controls are specified, the program will use the
default setting on the de size command to produce a
free mesh. As an alternative, you can use the small
size feature to produce a better quality free mesh.
3.2 FREE ARE MAPPED MESH:
Before meshing the model, and even before
building the model, it is important to think about
whether a free mesh or a mapped mesh is
appropriate for the analysis. A free mesh has no
restrictions in terms of element shapes, and has no
specified pattern applied to it.
Compared to a free mesh, a mapped mesh
is restricted in terms of the element shape it contains
and the pattern of the mesh. A mapped area mesh
contains either only quadrilateral or only triangular
elements, while a mapped volume mesh contains
only hexahedron elements. In addition, a mapped
mesh typically has a regular pattern, with obvious
rows of elements. If you want this type of mesh,
you must build the geometry as series of fairly
regular volumes and or areas that can accept a
mapped mesh.
3.3 SETTING ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES:
Before you generate a mesh of nodes and
elements, you must first define the appropriate
element attributes. That is, you must specify the
following:
Element type
Real constant set
Material properties set
Element co-ordinate system.
LOADING:
The main goal of finite element analysis is
to examine how a structure or component response
to certain loading condition. Specifying the proper
loading conditions, therefore, a key stepping
analysis. You can apply loads on the model in
variety of ways in ANSYS program.
LOADS:
The word loads in ANSYS terminology includes
boundary.
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Conditions and externally or internally applied
forcing functions. Example of loads in different
disciplines is: Structural: displacement, forces,
pressures, temperatures (for thermal strain), gravity
Thermal: temperatures, heat flow rate, convections,
and internal heat generation, infinite surface
Magnetic: Magnetic Potentials, magnetic flux, and
magnetic current segment
Electric: electric potentials, electric current, charges,
charge densities, infinite
Fluid: Velocities and pressures
A DOF constraint fixes the degrees of
freedom of a known value. Examples of constraints
are specified displacement and symmetric boundary
conditions in structural analysis, prescribed
temperatures in thermal analysis, and flux parallel
boundary conditions.
A force is concentrated load applied at a
node in a model. Examples are forces and moments
in structural analysis, heat flow rates in thermal
analysis.
A surface load is distributed load applied over a
surface. Examples are pressures in structural
analysis and convections and heat fluxes in
thermal analysis.
Coupled field loads are simple case of one
of the above loads, where results from analysis are
used as loads in another analysis. For examples you
may apply magnetic forces calculated in magnetic
field analysis are force loads in structural analysis.
3.4 HOW TO APPLY LOADS:
You can apply loads most loads either on the
solid model (on key points, line, areas) or on the
finite element model (on nodes and elements). For
example, you can specify forces at a key point or a
node. Similarly, you can specify convections (and
other surface loads) on lines and areas or nodes and
element faces.
No matter how you specify loads, the solver
expects all loads to be in term of finite element
model. Therefore if your specify loads on the solid
model, the program automatically transfers them to
the nodes and element at the beginning of the
solution.
3.5 SOLUTION:
In the solution phase of the analysis, the
computer takes over and solves the simultaneous
equations that the finite element method generates.
The result
Solution is: a nodal degree of freedom value, which
form the primary solution, and b) derived values,
which form the element solution. The element
solution is usually calculated at the elements
integration points. The ANSYS program writes the
results to the database as well as to the result file.
(Job name. rst , rth, rmg, or. rfl}.
Several methods of solving the simultaneous
equations are available in the ANSYS program:
frontal solution, sparse direct solution, Jacobi
Conjugate gradient (JCG solution, incomplete
cholesky conjugate (ICCG) solution, preconditioned
conjugate gradient (PCG) solution, automatic
iterative solver option (ITER). The frontal solver is
the default, but you can select a different solver.
3.6 POST PROCESSING:
After building the model and obtaining the
solution, you will want answers to some critical
question: will the design really work when put to
use? How high are the stresses in this region? How
does the temperature of this part vary with time?
What is the heat loss across my model? How does
the magnetic flow through this device? How does
the placement of this object affect fluid flow? The
post processors in the ANSYS program can help you
find answer these questions and others. Post
processing means reviewing the results of an
analysis. it is probably the most important step in
the analysis, because you are trying to understand
how the applied loads affect your design, how good
you finite element mesh is, and so on.
Two post processors are available review
your results: Post 1, the general post processor, and
post 26, the time history post processor. Post 1
allows you to review the results over the entire
model at specific load steps and sub steps (or at
specific time – points or frequencies). In a static
structural analysis, for example, you can display the
stress distribution for load step 3 or, in a transient
thermal analysis; you can display the temperature
distribution at time – 100 seconds.
3.7 THE RESULT FILES
The ANSYS solver writes results of an
analysis to the results file during solution. The name
of the results file depends on the analysis discipline:
Job Name. rst for structural analysis.
3.8THE GENERAL POST PROCESSOR
You use Post1, the general post processor,
to review analysis results over the entire model, or
selected portion of the model, of a specifically
defined combination of loads at a single time (or
frequency). Post 1 has many capabilities, ranging
from simple graphics display and tabular listing to
more complex data manipulation such as load case
combinations.
DISPLAYING RESULTS GRAPHICALLY:
Graphics display is perhaps the most
effective way to review results. You can display the
following types of graphics in post1:
Contour displays
Deformed shape displays
Vector displays
Path plots
Reaction force displays
Particle flow traces.
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IV INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
Structural analysis is probably the most
common application of the finite element method.
The term structural (or structure) implies not only
civil engineering structures such as bridges and
buildings, but also naval, aeronautical and
mechanical structures such as ship hulls, aircraft
bodies and machine housings, as well as mechanical
components such as pistons, machine parts and
tools.
Types of structural analysis.
The seven types of structural analysis
provided by ANSYS are given below.
1. Static analysis: used to determine
displacement, stresses etc. under static
loading conditions. Both linear and non-
linear static analyses. Non – Linearity’s
can include plasticity, stress stiffening,
large deflection, large strain, hyper
elasticity, contact surfaces, and creep.
2. Modal analysis: used to calculate the
natural frequencies and mode shapes of a
structure. Different mode extraction
methods are available.
3. Harmonic analysis: used to determine the
response of a structure to harmonically
time varying loads.
4. Transient dynamic analysis: used to
determine the response of a structure to
arbitrarily time varying loads. All non-
linearity’s mentioned under static analysis
above are allowed.
5. Spectrum analysis: an extension of the
model analysis, used to calculate stress
and strain due to response spectrum or a
PSD input (random vibrations).
6. Buckling analysis: used to calculate the
buckling load and determine the buckling
mode shape. Both linear (eigenvalue)
buckling and non –linear buckling
analyses are possible.
7. Explicit dynamic analysis – ANSYS
provides an interface to the LS-
Dynamic explicit finite element programs is
used to calculate fast solution for large
deformation dynamics and complex contact
problems.
V MODELING
The beam column joint considered for
analysis consists of a cantilever portion and
column portion as shown in Figure 1.a and Figure
1.b. The column had a cross section of200 mm x 200
mm with an overall length of 1500 mm and the
beam had a cross section of 200 mm x 200 mm and
the length of the cantilevered portion was 600 mm.
The control
Specimens were designated as C1 and C2. C1 had
reinforcement as per code IS 456-2000 And C2 had
reinforcement as per code IS 13920-1993. The
specimen retrofitted with Carbon reinforced
polymer sheet was designated as C3 which had
reinforcement as per code IS 456-2000. The column
portion was reinforced with 4 numbers of 12mm
diameter Fe 415 rods and the beam portion was
reinforced with 2 numbers of 16 mm diameter Fe415
rods each in the tension and compression zones. The
lateral ties in the columns of the specimens C1 and
C3 were 6 mm diameter Fe 250 bars with the
spacing of 180 mm c/c as per code IS 456:2000,
clause 26.5.3.2(c). Beam had vertical stirrups of 6
mm diameter Fe 250 bar at 120 mm c/c as per
code IS 456:2000, clause 26.5.1.6. The
development length of the tension and compression
rods in beam were also provided as per
clause26.2.1 of code IS 456:2000. For the specimen
C2, the lateral ties in the columns consisted of 8 mm
diameter Fe 415 bar at 75 mm c/c for the central
distance of 1100 mm as per code IS 13920:1993,
clause 7.4.6 and 6mm diameter Fe250 bars at 100
mm c/c for the remaining length of the column.
Beams had vertical stirrups of 6 mm diameter Fe 250
bar at 40 mm c/c. up to a distance of 340 mm from
the face of the column as per code IS13920:1993,
clause 6.3.5 and 6 mm diameter Fe250 bar at 80
mm c/c for remaining length of the beam.
Figure 5.1.Typical View of ANSYS Model
Detailed as per code IS 456:2000
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Figure 5.2.Typical View of ANSYS Model
Detailed as per code IS 13920:1993
The development length of the beam rods were also
provided as per code IS 13920:1993, clause 6.2.5.
M20 grade of concrete was adopted. The typical
views of the ANSYS model of the specimens are
shown in Figure.5.1 and Figure.5.2 Meshing was
done for both control and retrofitted specimens using
ANSYS. Both ends of the column were hinged.
The concrete was modelled using Solid 65
element. The reinforcement was modelled using
Link 8 element. The wrapping was modelled
using Solid 45 element. The static load was applied
at the free end of the cantilever beam at a regular
load interval of 5 kN for the control and
retrofitted reinforced concrete beam- column joint
models. The performance of the retrofitted
beam-column joint specimen was compared with the
control beam-column joint specimens. Figure.5.3 and
Figure. 5.4 show the meshing for the control and
retrofitted specimen.
Figure 5.3: Typical meshed
Control Specimen
Figure.5.4 Typical meshed
Retrofitted specimen
VI NON LINEAR MODELLING OF THE
BEAM COLUMN JOINTS
Non–linear a na l ys i s wa s done f o r t hr ee
beam column speci me ns using the software
ANSYS. A transverse static was applied at the free
end of the beam to develop a bending moment at
the joint. The load was increased in steps till a
controlled load of 20 kN. The deflection at the
free end of the cantilever beam was noted. The
deflections of the specimen C1 were found to be
3.5 mm for the load of 5 kN, 5 mm for the load of
10 kN, 15.5 mm for the load of 15 kN and
42.5 mm for the load of 20 kN. The same
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procedure was repeated for the specimen detailed
as per code IS 13920-1993 and for the retrofitted
specimen. .
Table 6.1 Deflections of Control and Retrofitted
Specimens.
Specimen Deflection in mm for the load of
5 kN 10 kN 15 kN 20 kN
C1 3.5 5.0 15.5 42.5
C2 2.5 3.5 10.0 32.5
C3 1.0 2.0 8.0 10.5
Table 6.2 Comparison between Deflection and
Energy Absorption Capacity
Specimen
I
D
Def. in
mm for the
loa
d
of
20
kN
%
reduction
in
deflection
E.A.C up to
a
def. of 10
mm
% increase
in E.A.C
C
1
4
2
.
5
-
-
61.25
kN.mm
-
-
C
2
3
2
.
5
23.53 87.50
kN.mm
42.86
C
3
1
0
.
5
75.29 131.25
kN.mm
114.89
Figure 6.1 Typical View of Deflected
Control Specimen (IS 456-2000)
Figure 6.1, Figure 6.2, and Figure 6.3 show the
typical views of the deflected control and retrofitted
specimens. Figure 6.4. shows the load deflection
curve for the control and retrofitted specimens. Table
6.1.shows the deflections at various interval Of load
of the control and retrofitted specimens. Table.6.2
shows comparison between the Deflections and
energy absorption capacity of the control and
retrofitted specimens.
Figure 6.2 Typical View of Deflected Control
Specimen (IS 13920-1993)
Figure 6.3 Typical View of Deflected Retrofitted
Specimen
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Figure 6.4. Load Deflection Curve for the Control
and Retrofitted Specimen
VII DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS
It can be found from the Table 2. that
the deflection of the beam-column joint
specimen detailed as per code IS 13920-1993 is
23.53 % less than that of the specimen detailed
as per code IS 456-2000 and deflection of the
beam-column joint specimen retrofitted with
carbon reinforced polymer sheet was 75.29 %
less than that of the specimen detailed as per
code IS 456-2000.The energy absorption
capacity of the specimen beam-column joint
specimen detailed as per code IS 13920-1993 is
42.86 % more than that of the specimen detailed
as per code IS 456-2000 and energy absorption
capacity of the beam-column joint specimen
retrofitted with carbon reinforced polymer sheet
was 114.29 % more than that of the specimen
detailed as per code IS 456-2000.
VIII CONCLUSIONS
Based on the ANSYS modeling and
analysis carried out on the control and
retrofitted beam-column joint specimens using
CFRP sheets, the following conclusions were
drawn.
The deflection of the beam-column joint
specimen detailed as per code
IS13920-1993 was found to be 23.53 % lower
than that of the specimen detailed per code IS
456-2000.
The deflection of the beam-column joint
specimen retrofitted with GFRP sheet reduced
the deflection about 75.29 %.when
compared with the deflection of specimen
detailed as per code IS 456-2000.
The energy absorption capacity of the
beam-column joint specimen detailed as per
code IS 13920-1993 was found to be 42.89
% higher than that of the specimen detailed
per code IS 456-2000.
The energy absorption capacity of the
beam-column joint specimen retrofitted with
CFRP sheet increased about 114.29 %.when
compared with the energy absorption capacity
of specimen detailed as per code IS 456-2000.
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