This is a lecture I gave for Leslie Field's class on Engineering and Climate Change at Stanford on September 24, 2013. It describes an alternative to the traditional benefit-cost framing of the climate problem, called "working forward toward a goal". It's one that relies on our best understanding of the climate system as well as the lessons from business planners about facing big strategic challenges. See the discussion in my book Cold Cash, Cool Climate: Science-based Advice for Ecological Entrepreneurs http://amzn.to/Av0O9O for details.
Koomey on Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial ChallengeJonathan Koomey
This is an updated version of my talk on climate change as an entrepreneurial challenge. I gave this version, which has updated graphs on temperatures, among other things, at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on October 21, 2014. The bulk of the talk is making the case for urgent action and summarizing the findings of climate science for an entrepreneurial audience.
Past performance is no guide to future returns: Why we can't accurately fore...Jonathan Koomey
This webinar explores why (with few exceptions) models of economic systems do not yield accurate predictions about the future. Predictions can be accurate when systems have consistent structure (geographically and temporally) and when there are no surprises, but neither of these conditions holds for virtually all economic systems. Physical systems can exhibit structural constancy, so predictions based on physical sciences can be accurate (barring surprises). The webinar also explores implications of this irreducible uncertainty, introduces ways to cope with it, and discusses responsible use of economic modeling tools in the face of such modeling limitations. The talk explores these issues using examples of forecasts of US primary energy use, oil prices, electricity demand, and the costs of nuclear power.
Koomey's talk at the Clean Tech Open SF event, April 2, 2014Jonathan Koomey
This is the talk I gave at the Clean Tech Open SF event on April 2, 2014, which was held at Impact Hub San Francisco. It summarizes findings from my latest book, Cold Cash, Cool Climate: http://amzn.to/Av0O9O
Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial Challenge: A virtual talk for the St. L...Jonathan Koomey
In this talk I explain why climate change is the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced, and describe the lessons for entrepreneurs that follow from our scientific knowledge about climate change. It focuses on "working forward toward a goal", a business oriented framing of the problem that will be familiar to any executive whose organization has had to understand and tackle a big problem. I gave this talk via Skype on July 27, 2014. It's similar to this one: http://www.slideshare.net/jgkoomey/koomeys-talk-at-clean-tech-open-sf-event-m
Bringing Enterprise IT into the 21st Century: A Management and Sustainabilit...Jonathan Koomey
I gave this talk as a webinar on March 19th, 2014 for the Corporate Eco Forum. It discusses ways to improve the efficiency of enterprise IT, mainly focusing on institutional changes that are necessary to make modern IT organizations perform effectively. It draws upon our case study of eBay as well as my other work on data centers over the years.
This is a practical plan to fix Australia’s buildings
in a decade. We can act now to halve the energy use
of our buildings, deliver energy freedom to people
and transform our homes and workplaces to provide
greater comfort with lower energy bills.
The vision. The Zero Carbon Australia Buildings Plan is the
first comprehensive, nationwide plan to retrofit Australia’s
buildings. This plan demonstrates how all existing buildings
can reach zero emissions from their operation within ten
years. It sets out how Australia can transform its building
stock to reduce energy bills, generate renewable energy,
add health and comfort to our living spaces, and make our
workplaces more productive.
The rationale. Australia’s existing buildings are not
adequately designed to meet many of the challenges we
face today. Australian houses and workplaces are often
unnecessarily cold in winter, hot in summer, and expensive
to run. We now have the technologies and know-how to
make our buildings far more comfortable, while protecting
us from rising electricity and gas bills.
The science is clear that, in order to reverse climate disruption,
developed nations must begin transitioning their economies
to zero greenhouse gas emissions, starting now. Accordingly,
in June 2010, Beyond Zero Emissions (BZE) launched the
ground-breaking Zero Carbon Australia (ZCA) Stationary
Energy Plan that showed how Australia’s electricity could
be supplied by 100% renewable energy sources within 10
years.
Koomey on Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial ChallengeJonathan Koomey
This is an updated version of my talk on climate change as an entrepreneurial challenge. I gave this version, which has updated graphs on temperatures, among other things, at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on October 21, 2014. The bulk of the talk is making the case for urgent action and summarizing the findings of climate science for an entrepreneurial audience.
Past performance is no guide to future returns: Why we can't accurately fore...Jonathan Koomey
This webinar explores why (with few exceptions) models of economic systems do not yield accurate predictions about the future. Predictions can be accurate when systems have consistent structure (geographically and temporally) and when there are no surprises, but neither of these conditions holds for virtually all economic systems. Physical systems can exhibit structural constancy, so predictions based on physical sciences can be accurate (barring surprises). The webinar also explores implications of this irreducible uncertainty, introduces ways to cope with it, and discusses responsible use of economic modeling tools in the face of such modeling limitations. The talk explores these issues using examples of forecasts of US primary energy use, oil prices, electricity demand, and the costs of nuclear power.
Koomey's talk at the Clean Tech Open SF event, April 2, 2014Jonathan Koomey
This is the talk I gave at the Clean Tech Open SF event on April 2, 2014, which was held at Impact Hub San Francisco. It summarizes findings from my latest book, Cold Cash, Cool Climate: http://amzn.to/Av0O9O
Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial Challenge: A virtual talk for the St. L...Jonathan Koomey
In this talk I explain why climate change is the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced, and describe the lessons for entrepreneurs that follow from our scientific knowledge about climate change. It focuses on "working forward toward a goal", a business oriented framing of the problem that will be familiar to any executive whose organization has had to understand and tackle a big problem. I gave this talk via Skype on July 27, 2014. It's similar to this one: http://www.slideshare.net/jgkoomey/koomeys-talk-at-clean-tech-open-sf-event-m
Bringing Enterprise IT into the 21st Century: A Management and Sustainabilit...Jonathan Koomey
I gave this talk as a webinar on March 19th, 2014 for the Corporate Eco Forum. It discusses ways to improve the efficiency of enterprise IT, mainly focusing on institutional changes that are necessary to make modern IT organizations perform effectively. It draws upon our case study of eBay as well as my other work on data centers over the years.
This is a practical plan to fix Australia’s buildings
in a decade. We can act now to halve the energy use
of our buildings, deliver energy freedom to people
and transform our homes and workplaces to provide
greater comfort with lower energy bills.
The vision. The Zero Carbon Australia Buildings Plan is the
first comprehensive, nationwide plan to retrofit Australia’s
buildings. This plan demonstrates how all existing buildings
can reach zero emissions from their operation within ten
years. It sets out how Australia can transform its building
stock to reduce energy bills, generate renewable energy,
add health and comfort to our living spaces, and make our
workplaces more productive.
The rationale. Australia’s existing buildings are not
adequately designed to meet many of the challenges we
face today. Australian houses and workplaces are often
unnecessarily cold in winter, hot in summer, and expensive
to run. We now have the technologies and know-how to
make our buildings far more comfortable, while protecting
us from rising electricity and gas bills.
The science is clear that, in order to reverse climate disruption,
developed nations must begin transitioning their economies
to zero greenhouse gas emissions, starting now. Accordingly,
in June 2010, Beyond Zero Emissions (BZE) launched the
ground-breaking Zero Carbon Australia (ZCA) Stationary
Energy Plan that showed how Australia’s electricity could
be supplied by 100% renewable energy sources within 10
years.
BUILDING HOPE
Positive Psychology, a new branch of psychology focused on the empirical study of such things as positive emotions, strengths-based character, and healthy institutions. This emerging field offers guidance on how to feel more satisfied and engaged with life, regardless of one’s circumstances. Nineteen different scientifically-validated questionnaires on everything from love, compassion, grit and gratitude are building a robust body of data about what makes people happy and resilient.
What is hope? Hope is:
• a belief in a positive outcome related to events and circumstances in one's life
• A feeling that what you want is achievable and that events will turn out for the best.
Happiness, on the other hand, is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. Hope is about the future and happiness is about the present. You could say that people aspire to want hope and have happiness. To put it another way, hope is a means to having happiness.
Chapter 1 Geoscience Application Challenges to Computing InfrastructureSpatialCloudComputing
The chapter aims to help readers develop a conceptual background understanding of
1) the 21st century geoscience challenges
2) the computing requirements posed by the challenges
3) the emergence of cloud computing
4) the advantage and disadvantages of cloud computing
Electric Utility Risk Management in the Face of Climate RiskMark Trexler
Electric utilities are a key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and have been thinking about climate change and climate policy longer than any other sector. This presentation to the Executive Committee of an electric utility in North America walks through the key issues and questions in developing an effective risk management strategy.
BUILDING HOPE
Positive Psychology, a new branch of psychology focused on the empirical study of such things as positive emotions, strengths-based character, and healthy institutions. This emerging field offers guidance on how to feel more satisfied and engaged with life, regardless of one’s circumstances. Nineteen different scientifically-validated questionnaires on everything from love, compassion, grit and gratitude are building a robust body of data about what makes people happy and resilient.
What is hope? Hope is:
• a belief in a positive outcome related to events and circumstances in one's life
• A feeling that what you want is achievable and that events will turn out for the best.
Happiness, on the other hand, is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. Hope is about the future and happiness is about the present. You could say that people aspire to want hope and have happiness. To put it another way, hope is a means to having happiness.
Chapter 1 Geoscience Application Challenges to Computing InfrastructureSpatialCloudComputing
The chapter aims to help readers develop a conceptual background understanding of
1) the 21st century geoscience challenges
2) the computing requirements posed by the challenges
3) the emergence of cloud computing
4) the advantage and disadvantages of cloud computing
Electric Utility Risk Management in the Face of Climate RiskMark Trexler
Electric utilities are a key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and have been thinking about climate change and climate policy longer than any other sector. This presentation to the Executive Committee of an electric utility in North America walks through the key issues and questions in developing an effective risk management strategy.
Presentation by Lord Nicholas Stern at the World Resources Institute and International Monetary Fund event "Fostering Growth and Poverty Reduction in a World of Immense Risk" on April 2, 2013.
Dan Miller, an engineer and investor, has become an active campaigner for action on climate change. He provided this briefing paper, written for a representative in Congress, to Andrew Revkin of The Times blog Dot Earth. More: http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
International commitments in response to the need to avoid climate change are now clear, and these commitments imply significant and potentially rapid changes in emissions, including in Australia. This will have implications for many sectors.
The science of probabilistic impacts of climate change are advancing rapidly and allows directors and their advisors to obtain a far more granular view of likely exposure than has ever been possible before.
This technological development in itself poses a risk and an opportunity to directors, who can either exploit or ignore new sources of data. Competitors and other external parties such as investors and researchers may be able to access a far more granular risk data on a third party’s physical assets.
There is now a substantial and rapidly growing body of research and expertise on the material financial implications of climate change – through direct impacts, transition measures, and related pathways including legal liability risk and technological disruption.
Financial actors and authorities are now voicing an expectation for increasingly clear disclosure of climate risks. This has accelerated rapidly in the past 12 to 18 months and is continuing to evolve today, both in Australia and among international markets.
Whudunit: How Scientists Discovered Global WarmingJoseph Morris
Description of how scientists discovered and verified global warming. Scientist's methodology is presented in terms of popular TV shows such as NCIS and CSI, to help public understand scientists' efforts
Mike Lubell, American Physical Society: Lean and Clean: Equipping Modern Manu...guest3e1229f
On Friday, March 19, Alliance staff and industry experts discussed energy efficiency's role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector.
Mike Lubell, American Physical Society: Lean and Clean: Equipping Modern Manu...Alliance To Save Energy
On Friday, March 19, Alliance staff and industry experts discussed energy efficiency's role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector. http://ase.org/content/article/detail/6517
Toward a Climate Literate, Energy Aware, Science Savvy SocietyClaus Berg
The Essential Principles of Climate Science Literacy. Presentation given at the ICE2009 (Inspiring Climate Education) Conference in Copenhagen, Oct. 2009. By Mark S. McCaffrey, Associate Scientist III,
The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES),
University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.
Uploaded by Claus Berg by permission from Mark S. McCaffrey.
Climate Action: the need for a systemic approachESD UNU-IAS
Keynote Lecture #2 - 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
"Climate Action: the need for a systemic approach", presented by Prof. Lauren Rickards (ECP Director, Urban Futures, RMIT University) at the 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme, 15 September, 2021.
Similar to Facing the climate challenge: Implications of the 2 degree limit (20)
Bringing data center management and technology into the 21st CenturyJonathan Koomey
This talk is a slightly modified and condensed version of one I gave at DCD Converged in London on the morning of November 19, 2014. I gave it at VIP dinner sponsored by Siemens on the evening of that same day. I moved "One boss, one team, and one budget" to be the 2nd thing management can do, because tying IT to business performance with metrics is a prerequisite to doing the hard work of busting the silos. I realized this during the talk ("One boss, one team, and one budget" was original item #1).
Speak dollars not gadgets: How to get upper management to pay attentionJonathan Koomey
Jonathan Koomey gave this presentation at the Data Center Dynamics Conference in Seattle, WA on Sept. 4, 2014. It describes what executives need to do to modernize their IT operations, and describes an upcoming (Nov 10 to Dec 12, 2014) online class titled Data Center Essentials for Executives, see http://goo.gl/K4kJG2
Koomey's talk on energy use and the information economy at the UC Berkeley Ph...Jonathan Koomey
I gave this talk on energy use and the information economy at the UC Berkeley Physics of Sustainable Energy Symposium March 8, 2014. It summarizes what I think are the most important issues related to the direct and indirect effects of information technology on energy use.
The computing trend that will change everythingJonathan Koomey
This talk, given at the VERGE conference in Washington DC on March 15, 2012, describes in about 9 minutes the implications of the long-term trend in the energy efficiency of computing that we described in this refereed journal article: Koomey, Jonathan G., Stephen Berard, Marla Sanchez, and Henry Wong. 2011. "Implications of Historical Trends in The Electrical Efficiency of Computing." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. vol. 33, no. 3. July-September. pp. 46-54. [http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2010.28]
Why predictive modeling is essential for managing a modern computing facilityJonathan Koomey
This talk, given at Data Center Dynamics on July 12, 2013, summarizes the importance of predictive modeling to capturing lost cooling and power capacity in the data center. It also describes some results from a recent case study Future Facilities did at an Equinix data center in the Bay area.
This talk, given at Google on June 6, 2012, summarizes what we know about energy use and information technology in a clear and understandable way. The person preceding me on stage was former Vice President Al Gore, so the pressure was on! I think I delivered, but you be the judge.
Koomey on why ultra-low power computing will change everythingJonathan Koomey
This talk summarizes the implications of long-term trends in the efficiency of computing, communications, energy storage, and energy harvesting. It's one of my favorites! It took place on October 31, 2012.
This is a talk I gave at the end of my first visiting professorship at Stanford in 2004. It gives a preview of Rocky Mountain Institute's Winning the Oil Endgame study, which was released in September 2004. http://www.oilendgame.com
2007 Koomey talk on historical costs of nuclear power in the USJonathan Koomey
This is a talk I gave at the Detroit Edison Company on April 17, 2007. It's the most complete version summarizing our work on the historical costs of nuclear power. That worked appeared in three refereed journal articles:
Hultman, Nathan E., and Jonathan G. Koomey. 2007. "The risk of surprise in energy technology costs." Environmental Research Letters. vol. 2, no. 034002. July. <http: />
Hultman, Nathan E., Jonathan G. Koomey, and Daniel M. Kammen. 2007. "What history can teach us about the future costs of U.S. nuclear power." Environmental Science & Technology. vol. 41, no. 7. April 1. pp. 2088-2093.
Koomey, Jonathan G., and Nathan E. Hultman. 2007. "A reactor-level analysis of busbar costs for U.S. nuclear plants, 1970-2005." Energy Policy. vol. 35, no. 11. November. pp. 5630-5642. <http: />
The last article is the primary source--the other two derive policy insights from the data developed in that last article.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Facing the climate challenge: Implications of the 2 degree limit
1. Facing
the
climate
challenge:
Implica0ons
of
the
2
degree
limit
Jonathan
Koomey
Research
Fellow,
Steyer-‐Taylor
Center
for
Energy
Policy
and
Finance,
Stanford
University
jgkoomey@stanford.edu
hJp://www.koomey.com
Engineering
and
Climate
Change,
Professor
Leslie
Field
Stanford
University
September
24,
2013
1
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
2. The
world
is
warming
and
humans
are
responsible
“A
strong,
credible
body
of
scien0fic
evidence
shows
that
climate
change
is
occurring,
is
caused
largely
by
human
ac0vi0es,
and
poses
significant
risks
for
a
broad
range
of
human
and
natural
systems.
.
.
.
Some
scien0fic
conclusions
or
theories
have
been
so
thoroughly
examined
and
tested,
and
supported
by
so
many
independent
observa0ons
and
results,
that
their
likelihood
of
subsequently
being
found
to
be
wrong
is
vanishingly
small.
Such
conclusions
and
theories
are
then
regarded
as
seJled
facts.
This
is
the
case
for
the
conclusions
that
the
Earth
system
is
warming
and
that
much
of
this
warming
is
very
likely
due
to
human
ac0vi0es.”
US
Na0onal
Academy
of
Sciences.
2010.
Advancing
the
Science
of
Climate
Change
2
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
3. Historical
global
C
emissions
Sources: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC),
plotted in Cold Cash, Cool Climate.
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
3
4. Big
jump
in
CO2
concentra0ons
from
fossil
fuels
and
land
use
changes
Sources: Vostok and Lawdome
ice core data, plus measured
concentrations from the
Carbon Dioxide Information
Analysis Center, plotted in Cold
Cash, Cool Climate
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
4
5. A
closer
look
at
the
last
12,000
years
Sources: Vostok and Lawdome
ice core data, plus measured
concentrations from the
Carbon Dioxide Information
Analysis Center, plotted in Cold
Cash, Cool Climate
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
5
6. Global
surface
temperatures
have
risen
in
the
last
century
Source: The Copenhagen Diagnosis 2009
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
6
7. Increasing
temperatures
“load
the
dice”
Source:
Adapted
from
a
graph
made
originally
by
the
University
of
Arizona,
Southwest
Climate
Change
Network
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
7
8. What
the
data
show
8
Source:
The
New
Climate
Dice:
Public
Percep=on
of
Climate
Change.
James
Hansen,
Makiko
Sato,
and
Reto
Ruedy.
August
2012.
hJp://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/
hansen_17/.
Data
are
for
Northern
Hemisphere.
X-‐axes
in
graphs
below
are
in
standard
devia0ons,
not
degrees
C.
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
9. Percent
of
US
land
area
subject
to
1
day
precipita0on
extremes
Source: NCDC/NOAA 2011
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
9
10. No-‐policy
case
carbon
dioxide
concentra0ons
to
2100
Source: Sokolov et al.
2009 for projected
concentrations and ice
core and directly measured
data for historical numbers.
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
10
11. No-‐policy
case
greenhouse
gas
concentra0ons
to
2100
(all
gases)
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
11
Source: Sokolov et al.
2009 for projected
concentrations and ice
core and directly measured
data for historical numbers.
12. No-‐policy
case
greenhouse
gas
concentra0ons
to
2100
Source: Sokolov et al. 2009, plotted in Cold Cash, Cool Climate
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
12
13. Current
trends
=
5
C
degrees
by
2100,
with
no
end
in
sight
Adapted from Copenhagen Diagnosis 2009, with MIT
data taken from Sokolov et al. 2009. MIT climate sensitivity is
2.9 degrees C, but warming by 2100 doesn’t reflect the full
warming impact because full equilibration takes centuries.
13
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
14. Fossil
fuel
scarcity
will
not
constrain
carbon
emissions
Source: Lower bound resource estimates from the IIASA Global Energy
Assessment 2012 + Sokolov et al. 2009 (fossil emissions only).
14
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
15. What can we do?
15
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
16. Our options
• Adapt–modify human systems to make
them more flexible and resilient
• Suffer–accept what comes (but what
comes is likely to be costly in lives,
ecosystem damage, and economic
disruption)
• Mitigate–reduce emissions
16
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
17. Questions about mitigation options
• How much carbon will they save?
• How much will they cost?
• Are they feasible
– technically? (science and technology)
– logistically? (implementation and
policy)
– politically? (social will and equity)
17
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
19. The
forecas0ng
quandary
• Economics
≠
physics:
we
need
to
act,
but
it’s
impossible
to
calculate
costs
and
benefits
in
an
accurate
way
• Implica0on:
the
conven0onal
model
of
full
benefit-‐cost
analysis
before
ac0ng
is
not
adequate
to
address
this
problem
19
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
20. An
evolu0onary,
path-‐dependent
view
• There
is
no
“op0mal
path”,
but
there
are
many
possible
alterna0ve
paths
– We
can’t
plan
or
know
everything
about
the
path
ahead
but
the
warming
limit
defines
the
broad
outlines
of
success
• Our
choices
now
affect
our
op0ons
later
• Need
to
– invest
in
a
broad
pornolio
of
op0ons
– fail
fast
– modify
plans
dynamically
– learn
as
fast
as
we
can
20
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
21. Forecasts
ooen
underes0mate
the
possibili0es
for
change
• Economic
models
(with
very
few
excep0ons)
– assume
current
rigidi0es
will
con0nue
forward
in
the
forecast
(“The
Big
Mistake”,
related
to
Ascher’s
“assump0on
drag”)
– assume
structure
of
property
rights
is
constant
– ignore
increasing
returns
to
scale
– rely
on
incomplete
technology
and
policy
pornolios
– ignore
“no-‐regrets”
op0ons
• All
but
last
issue
true
for
top-‐down
AND
boJom-‐
up
models
21
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
22. An
alterna0ve
approach
• Define
a
warming
limit
(e.g.
2
C
degrees
above
preindustrial
levels)
• Determine
the
total
greenhouse
gases
we
can
then
emit
to
stay
under
that
limit
• Define
pathways
that
meet
that
constraint
• Assess
what
we’d
need
to
do
achieve
that
pathway
(#
of
power
plants,
rate
of
improvement
in
energy
efficiency,
etc)
• Try
op0ons,
fail
fast,
alter
course
as
needed
22
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
23. 2
C
degree
warming
limit
• Keeps
global
T
within
humanity’s
experience
• Likely
avoids
the
worst
of
the
posi0ve
feedbacks
• Implies
cumula0ve
GHG
emissions
“budget”
• Limit
itself
now
widely
accepted
(e.g.,
G8
in
2009),
but
implica0ons
s0ll
not
well
known
– Global
emissions
must
turn
down
this
decade,
down
50%
by
2050,
more
soon
aoerwards
– Wai0ng
has
a
real
cost
– We
must
act
quickly
on
many
fronts
• It’s
Sputnik,
not
Apollo
– We
can’t
burn
it
all
• C
Storage
not
prac0cally
relevant
for
decades,
if
ever
23
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
24. Delaying
makes
no
sense
in
the
warming
limit
context
• When
we
act
makes
a
difference
• Delaying
ac0on
on
climate
– eats
up
the
budget
– makes
required
reduc0ons
more
difficult
and
costly
later
– sacrifices
learning
and
reduces
possibili0es
for
future
ac0on
• Remember,
energy
techs
don’t
∆
fast
24
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
25. There’s
no
0me
to
waste
25
Source:
The
Copenhagen
Diagnosis,
2009
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
27. Working
toward
the
limit
• Like
strategic
planning,
not
forecas0ng
• e.g.,
to
meet
some
frac0on
of
the
target
– how
many
emission-‐free
power
plants
would
we
have
to
build
and
how
much
capital
would
that
require?
– how
fast
would
efficiency
need
to
improve
given
expected
rates
of
economic
growth?
– what
ins0tu0onal
changes
would
be
needed
to
accelerate
the
rate
of
implementa0on?
• A
way
to
organize
our
thinking
about
solu0ons
to
the
problem
27
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
28. Mee0ng
constraints
of
the
safer
climate
case
won’t
be
easy
Source: Lower bound resource estimates from the IIASA Global Energy
Assessment 2012 + calcs in Cold Cash, Cool Climate (fossil emissions only). 28
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
29. Summary
• Warming
limit
approach
is
similar
to
how
businesses
make
big
strategic
decisions
• Focus
is
on
risk
reduc0on,
experimenta0on,
evalua0on,
innova0on
and
cost
effec0veness,
not
on
knowing
“op0mal”
path
in
advance
(impossible!)
• Science
points
to
2
deg
C
limit
but
ul0mate
choice
is
a
poli0cal
judgment
– Declare
value
judgment
up
front
(not
buried
in
black
box
models,
as
is
customary)
• Implies
rapid
reduc0ons
and
keeping
most
fossil
fuels
in
the
ground
(requires
rapid
innova0ons
in
technologies
AND
behavior/ins0tu0ons)
29
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
30. Summary
(con0nued)
• Immediate
implementa0on
is
essen0al
(can’t
just
wait
and
see
while
doing
R&D)
– Learning
by
doing
only
happens
if
we
do!
• Exis0ng
low
carbon
resources
are
plen0ful
but
we’ll
need
new
innova0ons
in
later
decades
to
keep
reduc0ons
on
track
• Start
small.
Think
big.
Get
going!
30
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
31.
“The
best
way
to
predict
the
future
is
to
invent
it.”
–Alan
Kay
31
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
32. References
• Allison,
et
al.
2009.
The
Copenhagen
Diagnosis,
2009:
Upda=ng
the
World
on
the
Latest
Climate
Science.
Sydney,
Australia:
The
University
of
New
South
Wales
Climate
Change
Research
Centre
(CCRC).
• Caldeira,
Ken,
Atul
K.
Jain,
and
Mar0n
I.
Hoffert.
2003.
"Climate
Sensi0vity
Uncertainty
and
the
Need
for
Energy
Without
CO2
Emission
"
Science.
vol.
299,
no.
5615.
pp.
2052-‐2054.
<hJp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/299/5615/2052>
• DeCanio,
Stephen
J.
2003.
Economic
Models
of
Climate
Change:
A
Cri=que.
Basingstoke,
UK:
Palgrave-‐Macmillan.
• Brown,
Marilyn
A.,
Mark
D.
Levine,
Walter
Short,
and
Jonathan
G.
Koomey.
2001.
"Scenarios
for
a
Clean
Energy
Future."
Energy
Policy
(Also
LBNL-‐48031).
vol.
29,
no.
14.
November.
pp.
1179-‐1196.
• Gritsevskyi,
Andrii,
and
Nebojsa
Nakicenovic.
2000.
"Modeling
uncertainty
of
induced
technological
change."
Energy
Policy.
vol.
28,
no.
13.
November.
pp.
907-‐921.
• Koomey,
Jonathan.
Tes0mony
of
Jonathan
Koomey,
Ph.D.
for
a
hearing
on
"Efficiency:
The
Hidden
Secret
to
Solving
Our
Energy
Crisis".
Joint
Economic
CommiJee
of
the
U.S.
Congress.
U.S.
Congress.
Washington,
DC:
U.S.
Congress.
July
30,
2008.
<hJp://
www.jec.senate.gov/index.cfm?FuseAc0on=Hearings.HearingsCalendar&ContentRecord_id=6fc51d63-‐e7e2-‐82b7-‐10c3-‐3faa2c150115>
• Koomey,
Jonathan
G.
Cold
Cash,
Cool
Climate:
Science-‐Based
Advice
for
Ecological
Entrepreneurs.
Burlingame,
CA:
Analy0cs
Press,
2012.
• Krause,
Floren0n,
Wilfred
Bach,
and
Jonathan
G.
Koomey.
1992.
Energy
Policy
in
the
Greenhouse.
NY,
NY:
John
Wiley
and
Sons.
(1989
edi0on
of
this
book
downloadable
at
<hJp://files.me.com/jgkoomey/9jzwgj>)
• Meinshausen,
Malte,
Nicolai
Meinshausen,
William
Hare,
Sarah
C.
B.
Raper,
Katja
Frieler,
Reto
Knu|,
David
J.
Frame,
and
Myles
R.
Allen.
2009.
"Greenhouse-‐gas
emission
targets
for
limi0ng
global
warming
to
2
degrees
C."
Nature.
vol.
458,
April
30.
pp.
1158-‐1162.
<hJp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7242/full/nature08017.html>
• Pacala,
S.,
and
Rob
Socolow.
2004.
"Stabiliza0on
Wedges:
Solving
the
Climate
Problem
for
the
Next
50
Years
with
Current
Technologies
"
Science.
vol.
305,
no.
5686.
August
13.
pp.
968-‐972.
[hJp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/305/5686/968]
• Williams,
James
H.,
Andrew
DeBenedic0s,
Rebecca
Ghanadan,
Amber
Mahone,
Jack
Moore,
William
R.
Morrow,
Snuller
Price,
and
Margaret
S.
Torn.
2011.
"The
Technology
Path
to
Deep
Greenhouse
Gas
Emissions
Cuts
by
2050:
The
Pivotal
Role
of
Electricity."
Science.
November
24.
[hJp://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2011/11/22/science.1208365.abstract]
32
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
34. Contributors
to
climate
change
through
2005
Source: IPCC 2007 (Working Group 1, the Physical Science Basis)Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
34
35. Impacts
of
Uncertainty,
Learning,
and
Spillovers
(IPCC
AR4
,
2007)
Figure
2.2.
Emissions
impacts
of
exploring
the
full
spectrum
of
technological
uncertainty
in
a
given
scenario
without
climate
policies.
Rela=ve
frequency
(percent)
of
130,000
scenarios
of
full
technological
uncertainty
regrouped
into
520
sets
of
technology
dynamics
with
their
corresponding
carbon
emissions
(GtC)
by
2100
obtained
through
numerical
model
simula=ons
for
a
given
scenario
of
intermediary
popula=on,
economic
output,
and
energy
demand
growth.
Also
shown
is
a
subset
of
13,000
scenarios
grouped
into
53
sets
of
technology
dynamics
that
are
all
"op=mal"
in
the
sense
of
sa=sfying
a
cost
minimiza=on
criterion
in
the
objec=ve
func=on.
The
corresponding
distribu=on
func=on
is
bi-‐modal,
illustra=ng
"technological
lock-‐in"
into
low
or
high
emissions
futures
respec=vely
that
arise
from
technological
interdependence
and
spillover
effects.
Baseline
emissions
are
an
important
determinant
for
the
feasibility
and
costs
of
achieving
par=cular
climate
targets
that
are
ceteris
paribus
cheaper
with
lower
baseline
emissions.
Adapted
from
Gritsevskyi
and
Nakicenovic,
2000.
35
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
36. Decanio
concludes…
“The
applica0on
of
general
equilibrium
analysis
to
climate
policy
has
produced
a
kind
of
specious
precision,
a
situa0on
in
which
the
assump0ons
of
the
analysts
masquerade
as
results
that
are
solidly
grounded
in
theory
and
the
data.
This
leads
to
a
tremendous
amount
of
confusion
and
mischief,
not
least
of
which
is
the
no0on
that
although
the
physical
science
of
the
climate
is
plagued
by
uncertain0es,
it
is
possible
to
know
with
a
high
degree
of
certainty
just
what
the
economic
consequences
of
alterna0ve
policy
ac0ons
will
be.”
(italics
in
original)
36
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
37. Fossil
fuel
resources
are
huge
37
Source:
Table
A-‐1
from
Cold
Cash,
Cool
Climate,
mainly
using
GEA
data
2012
Note:
Current
annual
global
primary
energy
use
is
0.6
ZJ
(1
ZJ
=
1000
EJ
or
10e21
J),
which
is
about
30
TW.
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
38. MIT
level
1
case
=
1
doubling
of
CO2
equivalent
concentra0ons
38
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
39. Probability
of
<
2
C
increase
in
2100
rela0ve
to
preindustrial
0mes
39
Source:
Meinshausen
et
al.
2009
and
calcula0ons
in
Cold
Cash,
Cool
Climate.
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
40. Wedges:
A
useful
heuris0c
• Originally
proposed
in
Pacala
and
Socolow
2004
• One
wedge
=
25
GtC
over
50
years
• Allows
simple
quan0ta0ve
characteriza0on
of
efforts
needed
to
reduce
emissions
• Pile
up
wedges
to
reach
emissions
target
40
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
42. Individual
wedges
=
25
GtC
saved
over
50
years
42
Source:
Carbon
Mi0ga0on
Ini0a0ve
[hJp://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/]
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013
43. Simple
to
explain,
but
limited
• Straighnorward
method
– Create
a
business-‐as-‐usual
baseline
– Analyze
how
much
each
op0on
will
save
rela0ve
to
the
baseline
• Dependent
on
the
baseline
and
on
accurate
assessments
of
the
cost
effec0veness
of
op0ons
(as
are
all
conven0onal
forecas0ng
assessments)
• Doesn’t
tell
you
how
many
wedges
you
need!
43
Copyright
Jonathan
Koomey
2013