Electricity use and efficiency of servers and data centers was reviewed. Recent data shows that in 2005, servers accounted for 1.2% of total US electricity use and data centers including servers, networking and cooling accounted for 1.5% of US electricity use. Total electricity use of servers and data centers is expected to increase by 40-76% by 2010 based on current growth forecasts. Opportunities for improving efficiency include whole system redesign, aligning incentives, virtualization, consolidation, and new more efficient server designs like Intel's Eco-Rack which can provide 16-18% savings over standard racks.
Improving your PUE while consolidating into an existing live data centerSchneider Electric
While there are multiple consolidation options to consider, upgrading an existing data center has a significantly lower capital investment, requires no new real estate acquisition, can be phased to match IT refresh cycles and IT virtualization, and can be done while the data center is live. This session explores these considerations which are particularly important in the Federal space as well as a high density POD overlay discussion and approaches to reducing PUE.
Energy solutions for federal facilities : How to harness sustainable savings ...Schneider Electric
Looming Mandates. Energy insecurity. Shrinking budgets. Discover solutions available today to help you tackle your energy dilemma. Take a 30K foot tour of solutions to increase energy efficiency and reliability, maximize energy ROI and enhance mission assurance. Get tips for navigating the event to make the most of your Xperience.
Improving your PUE while consolidating into an existing live data centerSchneider Electric
While there are multiple consolidation options to consider, upgrading an existing data center has a significantly lower capital investment, requires no new real estate acquisition, can be phased to match IT refresh cycles and IT virtualization, and can be done while the data center is live. This session explores these considerations which are particularly important in the Federal space as well as a high density POD overlay discussion and approaches to reducing PUE.
Energy solutions for federal facilities : How to harness sustainable savings ...Schneider Electric
Looming Mandates. Energy insecurity. Shrinking budgets. Discover solutions available today to help you tackle your energy dilemma. Take a 30K foot tour of solutions to increase energy efficiency and reliability, maximize energy ROI and enhance mission assurance. Get tips for navigating the event to make the most of your Xperience.
Pat Tiernan, Executive Director of the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, presented at the 2009 Green IT Expo in London to address IT energy waste and the ROI on energy efficient computing.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Why are you paying for wasted energy in IT ?
Energy costs continue to climb and yet up to a third of the money companies spend on power could be wasted due to inneficient IT infrastructure. Take a serious look at your IT energy use.
[Case study] Dakota Electric Association: Solutions to streamline GIS, design...Schneider Electric
Applications:
Integration of GIS-based processes makes existing circuits and proposed circuits
available in the same system so operations staff can work in parallel with the designers
rather than in succession.
Customer benefits
• Model, design and manage critical infrastructure
• Highly configurable
• Easily adapted for multiple uses
• Proactively identify needed repairs and replacements well in advance
The combination of Cisco's UCS Manager and Schneider Electric's DCIM solution provides Cisco UCS customers with an opportunity to bridge the gap between IT and Facilities, offer transparency across the two silos, and positively impact the rest of the organization – both in terms of efficiency, uptime and capex/opex costs. This is achieved by optimising the existing physical infrastructure capacities, thus reducing overprovisioning and improving the balance between supply and demand, resulting in continual availability and optimal energy efficiency.
An exploration of the benefits and limitations of the popular Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) metric, for gauging datacenter efficiency.
How to avoid the pitfalls inherent in the definition of PUE; and some suggested means by which the PUE concept can be enhanced in real-world applications.
CORPORATE PLUG: For more information about how Raritan helps solve this problem, I encourage you to see: http://www.raritan.com/resources/screenshots/power-iq/
ScottMadden has developed an approach for analyzing data center requirements and driving improvements in existing data center retrofits. Our approach takes into account the technological requirements, the physical attributes of a data center, and the requirements for a rigorous measurement and verification program needed to ensure improvements actually capture the energy efficiently gains and the resultant greenhouse gas reductions.
Our approach addresses the latest trends in data center management such as virtualization and cloud computing and provide a framework for developing metrics needed to drive changes in data center performance.
The data center market has expanded dramatically in the past few years, and it doesn’t show signs of slowing down. Many clients and building owners are requesting modular data centers, which can be placed anywhere data capacity is needed. Modular data centers can help cash-strapped building owners add a new data center (or more capacity) to their site, and can assist facilities with unplanned outages, such as disruptions due to storms. Owners look to modular data centers to accelerate the “floor ready” date as compared to a traditional brick and mortar.
It is recognized within the industry that most data centers are not energy efficient. Traditional data center designs do not fully address optimizing the data center. While data center managers struggle with uptime and reliability, business executives are looking for ways to reduce capital and operational expenses to improve the bottom line. Green initiatives are also in place to not only save money but to be environmentally responsible. New green data center designs (based on hot and cold air containment) have started to become more popular. Containment strategies and air flow optimization are recognized as a way to achieve both technical and business objectives. By separating hot and cold air within the data center, capital and operational expenses can be reduced for the business and a more stable and predictable environment can be achieved for the IT organization.
Pat Tiernan, Executive Director of the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, presented at the 2009 Green IT Expo in London to address IT energy waste and the ROI on energy efficient computing.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Why are you paying for wasted energy in IT ?
Energy costs continue to climb and yet up to a third of the money companies spend on power could be wasted due to inneficient IT infrastructure. Take a serious look at your IT energy use.
[Case study] Dakota Electric Association: Solutions to streamline GIS, design...Schneider Electric
Applications:
Integration of GIS-based processes makes existing circuits and proposed circuits
available in the same system so operations staff can work in parallel with the designers
rather than in succession.
Customer benefits
• Model, design and manage critical infrastructure
• Highly configurable
• Easily adapted for multiple uses
• Proactively identify needed repairs and replacements well in advance
The combination of Cisco's UCS Manager and Schneider Electric's DCIM solution provides Cisco UCS customers with an opportunity to bridge the gap between IT and Facilities, offer transparency across the two silos, and positively impact the rest of the organization – both in terms of efficiency, uptime and capex/opex costs. This is achieved by optimising the existing physical infrastructure capacities, thus reducing overprovisioning and improving the balance between supply and demand, resulting in continual availability and optimal energy efficiency.
An exploration of the benefits and limitations of the popular Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) metric, for gauging datacenter efficiency.
How to avoid the pitfalls inherent in the definition of PUE; and some suggested means by which the PUE concept can be enhanced in real-world applications.
CORPORATE PLUG: For more information about how Raritan helps solve this problem, I encourage you to see: http://www.raritan.com/resources/screenshots/power-iq/
ScottMadden has developed an approach for analyzing data center requirements and driving improvements in existing data center retrofits. Our approach takes into account the technological requirements, the physical attributes of a data center, and the requirements for a rigorous measurement and verification program needed to ensure improvements actually capture the energy efficiently gains and the resultant greenhouse gas reductions.
Our approach addresses the latest trends in data center management such as virtualization and cloud computing and provide a framework for developing metrics needed to drive changes in data center performance.
The data center market has expanded dramatically in the past few years, and it doesn’t show signs of slowing down. Many clients and building owners are requesting modular data centers, which can be placed anywhere data capacity is needed. Modular data centers can help cash-strapped building owners add a new data center (or more capacity) to their site, and can assist facilities with unplanned outages, such as disruptions due to storms. Owners look to modular data centers to accelerate the “floor ready” date as compared to a traditional brick and mortar.
It is recognized within the industry that most data centers are not energy efficient. Traditional data center designs do not fully address optimizing the data center. While data center managers struggle with uptime and reliability, business executives are looking for ways to reduce capital and operational expenses to improve the bottom line. Green initiatives are also in place to not only save money but to be environmentally responsible. New green data center designs (based on hot and cold air containment) have started to become more popular. Containment strategies and air flow optimization are recognized as a way to achieve both technical and business objectives. By separating hot and cold air within the data center, capital and operational expenses can be reduced for the business and a more stable and predictable environment can be achieved for the IT organization.
Sklubi AlumniWeekend 23.10.2010:
Reijo Maihaniemi
Electricity Consumption: General
Electricity Savings Through DC Power Feed
DC Data Center Projects in the World
ICT Energy saving actions
Why predictive modeling is essential for managing a modern computing facilityJonathan Koomey
This talk, given at Data Center Dynamics on July 12, 2013, summarizes the importance of predictive modeling to capturing lost cooling and power capacity in the data center. It also describes some results from a recent case study Future Facilities did at an Equinix data center in the Bay area.
Similar to Koomeyondatacenterelectricityuse v9 (20)
Past performance is no guide to future returns: Why we can't accurately fore...Jonathan Koomey
This webinar explores why (with few exceptions) models of economic systems do not yield accurate predictions about the future. Predictions can be accurate when systems have consistent structure (geographically and temporally) and when there are no surprises, but neither of these conditions holds for virtually all economic systems. Physical systems can exhibit structural constancy, so predictions based on physical sciences can be accurate (barring surprises). The webinar also explores implications of this irreducible uncertainty, introduces ways to cope with it, and discusses responsible use of economic modeling tools in the face of such modeling limitations. The talk explores these issues using examples of forecasts of US primary energy use, oil prices, electricity demand, and the costs of nuclear power.
Bringing data center management and technology into the 21st CenturyJonathan Koomey
This talk is a slightly modified and condensed version of one I gave at DCD Converged in London on the morning of November 19, 2014. I gave it at VIP dinner sponsored by Siemens on the evening of that same day. I moved "One boss, one team, and one budget" to be the 2nd thing management can do, because tying IT to business performance with metrics is a prerequisite to doing the hard work of busting the silos. I realized this during the talk ("One boss, one team, and one budget" was original item #1).
Koomey on Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial ChallengeJonathan Koomey
This is an updated version of my talk on climate change as an entrepreneurial challenge. I gave this version, which has updated graphs on temperatures, among other things, at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on October 21, 2014. The bulk of the talk is making the case for urgent action and summarizing the findings of climate science for an entrepreneurial audience.
Speak dollars not gadgets: How to get upper management to pay attentionJonathan Koomey
Jonathan Koomey gave this presentation at the Data Center Dynamics Conference in Seattle, WA on Sept. 4, 2014. It describes what executives need to do to modernize their IT operations, and describes an upcoming (Nov 10 to Dec 12, 2014) online class titled Data Center Essentials for Executives, see http://goo.gl/K4kJG2
Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial Challenge: A virtual talk for the St. L...Jonathan Koomey
In this talk I explain why climate change is the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced, and describe the lessons for entrepreneurs that follow from our scientific knowledge about climate change. It focuses on "working forward toward a goal", a business oriented framing of the problem that will be familiar to any executive whose organization has had to understand and tackle a big problem. I gave this talk via Skype on July 27, 2014. It's similar to this one: http://www.slideshare.net/jgkoomey/koomeys-talk-at-clean-tech-open-sf-event-m
Koomey's talk at the Clean Tech Open SF event, April 2, 2014Jonathan Koomey
This is the talk I gave at the Clean Tech Open SF event on April 2, 2014, which was held at Impact Hub San Francisco. It summarizes findings from my latest book, Cold Cash, Cool Climate: http://amzn.to/Av0O9O
Bringing Enterprise IT into the 21st Century: A Management and Sustainabilit...Jonathan Koomey
I gave this talk as a webinar on March 19th, 2014 for the Corporate Eco Forum. It discusses ways to improve the efficiency of enterprise IT, mainly focusing on institutional changes that are necessary to make modern IT organizations perform effectively. It draws upon our case study of eBay as well as my other work on data centers over the years.
Koomey's talk on energy use and the information economy at the UC Berkeley Ph...Jonathan Koomey
I gave this talk on energy use and the information economy at the UC Berkeley Physics of Sustainable Energy Symposium March 8, 2014. It summarizes what I think are the most important issues related to the direct and indirect effects of information technology on energy use.
Facing the climate challenge: Implications of the 2 degree limitJonathan Koomey
This is a lecture I gave for Leslie Field's class on Engineering and Climate Change at Stanford on September 24, 2013. It describes an alternative to the traditional benefit-cost framing of the climate problem, called "working forward toward a goal". It's one that relies on our best understanding of the climate system as well as the lessons from business planners about facing big strategic challenges. See the discussion in my book Cold Cash, Cool Climate: Science-based Advice for Ecological Entrepreneurs http://amzn.to/Av0O9O for details.
The computing trend that will change everythingJonathan Koomey
This talk, given at the VERGE conference in Washington DC on March 15, 2012, describes in about 9 minutes the implications of the long-term trend in the energy efficiency of computing that we described in this refereed journal article: Koomey, Jonathan G., Stephen Berard, Marla Sanchez, and Henry Wong. 2011. "Implications of Historical Trends in The Electrical Efficiency of Computing." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. vol. 33, no. 3. July-September. pp. 46-54. [http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2010.28]
This talk, given at Google on June 6, 2012, summarizes what we know about energy use and information technology in a clear and understandable way. The person preceding me on stage was former Vice President Al Gore, so the pressure was on! I think I delivered, but you be the judge.
Koomey on why ultra-low power computing will change everythingJonathan Koomey
This talk summarizes the implications of long-term trends in the efficiency of computing, communications, energy storage, and energy harvesting. It's one of my favorites! It took place on October 31, 2012.
This is a talk I gave at the end of my first visiting professorship at Stanford in 2004. It gives a preview of Rocky Mountain Institute's Winning the Oil Endgame study, which was released in September 2004. http://www.oilendgame.com
1. Electricity use and efficiency of
servers and data centers: A review of
recent data and developments
Jonathan G. Koomey, Ph.D.
http://www.koomey.com
See podcast at http://www.smartenergyshow.com/
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory &
Stanford University
Presented at Google
December 4, 2007
1
3. Our options
• Adapt–modify human systems to make
them more flexible and resilient
• Suffer–accept what comes (but what
comes is likely to be costly in lives,
ecosystem damage, and economic
disruption)
• Mitigate–reduce emissions
3
4. Foster innovation in
• Individual behavior and attitudes
– Purchasing of goods and services
– Purchasing of energy-using equipment
– Operating energy using equipment
• Technologies
• Institutions
• In each case, information technology
and networks are our most potent allies
4
5. Innovation for Technologies
• Whole systems redesign
• Think about tasks
• Ignore illusory & historical
constraints (but heed real ones)
• Apply existing organizational
techniques and technologies in
new ways
• Build things better all the way
around so people want them for
more than efficiency
5
6. Innovation for Institutions
• Whole systems redesign (e.g. IT+productivity)
• Redefine business processes (e.g. Six Sigma)
– Assess opportunities
– Create local business cases
– Assign responsibility
– Measure results
– Reward good results (use prizes)
• Rethink underlying assumptions (e.g. extended
producer responsibility)
• Foster + reward innovation (e.g. Mutual Fun)
6
7. Harness the power of business
• Environmentalists and business must learn to work
together
• Give consumers information about companies (e.g.
scorecard.org and the Carbon Disclosure Project) and
products (e.g. Energy Star)
• Create internal and external pressure for continuous
improvement and reorganization
• Use the power of the supply chain
– Demand supplier responsibility
– Use purchasing power to move the market
7
9. Introduction to data centers
• Much confusion about data center
electricity use (see Mitchell-Jackson et
al., 2002 and 2003)
• Review recent data from
– Uptime facilities
– Koomey study (released 15 Feb 2007)
– Report to Congress (July 2007)
• Discuss implications for industry growth
9
10. Data centers in the news
• Recent activity in the Southeast, Texas, and
the Northwest
– Google
– Yahoo
– Microsoft
– Others
• Announcements often don’t give relevant
details like electrically-active floor area, so
use caution in interpreting them
• Can’t build them all in one place (constraints)
• Separate hosting, search, corporate, and
supercomputers (all different markets)
10
11. Electricity Flows in Data Centers
HVAC system
local distribution lines
lights, office space, etc.
uninterr
uptible
load
to the building, 480 V
computer
equipment
UPS PDU computer racks
backup diesel
generators
UPS = Uninterruptible Power Supply
PDU = Power Distribution Unit;
11
12. IT Equipment
• Servers
– High end enterprise servers
– Pedestal/tower servers
Enterprise Servers
– Rack mount servers
– Blade servers
• Storage
• Network equipment Rack Mount Server
– Routers
– LAN/WAN switches
– Hubs
Blade Server
12
14. Uptime Institute data
• The Site Uptime Network is a technical
membership organization for data center
operators and designers
• Uptime first reported data for 1.6 to 1.9 Msf of
facilities in 2002 (for 1999-2001)
• Uptime has tracked 19 data centers for 8
years (total = 0.92 M sf in 1999)
– Total IT load, floor area, and computer power
densities (W/sf)
14
15. Trends in 19 Site Uptime
Network facilities
W/sf measured as watts of IT power divided by electrically active floor area
15
16. Study on total server power
• Details
– Published 15 February 2007
– Funded by AMD
– Authored by Jonathan Koomey
• Download it at
http://enterprise.amd.com/us-en/AMD-Business/Technology-
Home/Power-Management.aspx
• Reviewers from all major industry players
16
17. Server power study
methods and data
• Estimated power use for servers
– 2000 and 2005
– Volume, mid-range, and high end servers
– U.S. and World
• Used IDC data for total installed base
and most popular models
• Used manufacturer data/estimates for
typical power used per unit
17
21. EPA report to Congress
• Released August 3, 2007
• Download at
http://www.energystar.gov/datacenters
• Purposes of the report
– Assess data center electricity use
– Identify barriers to efficiency
– Compile opportunities for industry collaboration
and future research
– Propose policies and identify federal leadership
opportunities
21
23. Trends pushing total data
center power use up
• Increasing demands for
– E-commerce
– VOIP
– Internet search
– software as a service
– video downloads
– resiliance in the face of disaster
– regulatory compliance (e.g. Sarbanes-Oxley)
– IT-enabled business transformation
• More transistors on a chip + more RAM +
more volume servers
23
24. Trends pushing total data
center power use down
• Virtualization/consolidation
• Cooling and power constraints
• Recognition of constraints by the C level
• Metrics
– Servers + other IT equipment (E*)
– Site infrastructure
• Utility rebates (PG&E)
24
25. Misplaced incentives throughout
• Energy efficiency metrics not standardized
• 90% of site infrastructure costs are related to
kW, not to floor area (Uptime) but costs
almost always charged per square foot
• Utility bills and infrastructure costs paid by
facilities department, cost of servers paid by
IT department
• IT, facilities, CFO, and real estate folks don’t
talk (hierarchy and culture differences)
• Piling safety factor upon safety factor
25
26. Compute total costs to
understand incentives
• Simple model of total costs, including
– Cooling and other infrastructure costs
– IT capital costs
– Energy costs
– Other operating costs
• Based on current industry practice for
high performance computing facilities
26
27. Site infrastructure capital
costs are 2/3 of IT cap. costs
Based on a simple model that calculates annualized total costs of ownership
of an HPC data center for the financial industry: Koomey, Jonathan,
Kenneth G. Brill, W. Pitt Turner, John R. Stanley, and Bruce Taylor. 2007. A
simple model for determining true total cost of ownership for data centers.
Santa Fe, NM: The Uptime Institute. September.
27
28. Efficiency opportunities
• Think “whole system redesign” (RMI)
• Align incentives to minimize True Cost of Ownership
• Low hanging fruit (Uptime, Ecos, LBNL)
– Modify current infrastructure/operations/incentives
– Kill comatose servers
– Buy efficient power supplies
• A little more work
– Metrics for servers tied to purchases
– Metrics for infrastructure efficiency
– DC power or high efficiency AC power
– Virtualization & consolidation
28
29. Intel’s new Eco-Rack
• Idea proposed by JK to
Lorie Wigle of Intel in early
Dec. 2006
• Announced at Intel
Developer Forum 9/18/07
• 16-18% savings
compared to good current
practice
• Normalized workloads
• Eco-Rack 1.5 and 2.0 now
in development
29
30. Eco-Rack savings 16-18%
Data current as of September 18, 2007. Both Standard and Eco-Rack cases assume power save switch
30
(SpeedStep) is on. Contact: JGKoomey@stanford.edu or rml@hpc.intel.com with questions or comments.
31. Sources of Eco-Rack Savings
Data current as of September 18, 2007. Both Standard and Eco-Rack cases assume power save switch
31
(SpeedStep) is on. Contact: JGKoomey@stanford.edu or rml@hpc.intel.com with questions or comments.
32. Conclusions
• Total power
– for servers is about 1.2% of U.S. electricity use
(including cooling and auxiliaries).
– for servers plus networking, storage, and
cooling/auxiliary equipment is about 1.5% of U.S.
electricity use
– roughly doubled from 2000 to 2005
• If IDC installed base forecast to 2010 holds,
server power use up another 40% to 76% from
2005
• W/sf appears to be going up
• Volume servers driving growth
32
33. Conclusions (continued)
• Perverse incentives abound
• Organizational changes are needed
– driven mainly by infrastructure costs going
up as a fraction of total cost of data centers
• Consensus efficiency metrics are
coming soon for IT and infrastructure
• The industry is focused on improving
data center efficiency, and big changes
are afoot (e.g. Eco-rack)
33
34. The final word
• Institutional and personal change are at
least as important as technical change
for solving the climate problem
– even currently available technologies are
not now being adopted
– Information technology can enable these
changes to happen more rapidly than ever
before
34
35. Key web sites
• EPA on data centers
http://www.energystar.gov/datacenters
• LBNL on data centers:
http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters.html
• The Green Grid:
http://www.thegreengrid.org/
• The Uptime Institute:
http://www.upsite.com/TUIpages/tuihome.html
35
37. Some important background:
What do we know about climate?
• “Unequivocal” that the earth’s climate
is warming
• More than 90% certainty that human
emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse
gases are the cause
(Findings from IPCC 2007 WGI, AR4)
37
39. Dramatic recent
changes in CO2
and CH4
concentrations
“We know humans are responsible for the
CO2 spike [since pre-industrial times]
because fossil CO2 lacks carbon-14, and
the drop in atmospheric C-14 from the
fossil-CO2 additions is measurable.”
–John P. Holdren, Harvard University
Source of graphs: IPCC Working Group 1 Summary for
Policy Makers, Fourth Assessment report, 2007.
39
40. We’re already seeing effects of
humans on the earth’s climate
• Reduced Arctic and Antarctic ice cover
• Glacial melting
• Sea level rise
• Floods
• Wildfires
• Drought
• Extreme weather events
• Damage to ecosystems
40
41. Going, going, gone?
Median 1979-2000
September 21, 2005
September 16, 2007
6.74 M square km
5.32 M square km
4.13 M square km
The difference between median minimum arctic ice coverage and the extent on Sept.
16, 2007 is equal to the area of Alaska and Texas combined (2.61 M sq. km or 1 M sq.
miles). http://nsidc.org/news/press/2007_seaiceminimum/20070810_index.html 41
42. If we don’t alter course, we’ll end up where we’re headed
Global average surface
temperature is heading for
a state outside the range
experienced during the
IPCC 2007 scenarios
tenure of Homo sapiens on to 2100 ---------------->
Earth (slide courtesy of
John P. Holdren, Harvard
University). Year 2000
concentrations
42