This document discusses various methods of fluoride therapy including systemic fluoridation and topical fluoride applications. It describes different fluoride compounds that can be used such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride. It discusses professionally applied fluoride treatments, fluoridated mouthwashes, gels, and varnishes. The document also covers the use of fluoride in periodontal therapy and lists different types of patients that may benefit from fluoride treatment.

1. Systemic
fluoridation

3. Topical fluoride therapy
- Dentifrices
- Mouth rinses
- Fluoridated gel
1-Self – applied fluoride

4. Fluoride
Na2PO3F (MFP).
Decrease solubility, antibacterial.
PO3F 2
+ H2O H2PO4 + F
Stannous Fluoride, NaF, Amine fluoride
525 -1450 ppm (1000 ppm F).

5. Fluoridated Mouth Rinse
NaF (900 ppm F, 0.2% weekly)
(225 ppm, 0.05% daily).
APF, SnF2, Amine fluoride,
Ammonium fluoride.

6. Professionally Applied Fluoride
Sodium fluoride NaF
Bibby 1942, Knutson tech
Stannous Fluoride SnF2
Muhler et al 1950, 8%, 10 %, pH=2.1.
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 19 SnF2
10 CaF2 + 6Sn3F3PO4 + SnO.H2O
tinfluorophospate hydrated tinoxide

7. Stannous Fluoride
Not stable, metallic taste, staining.
Prevention, Remineralization,
desensitizing, antibacterial.

8. Acidulated phosphate fluoride
Brudevold et al 1963
Increase F conc.
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 20 F
10CaF2+6(PO4) -3
+ 2(OH).
 Decrease pH
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2+ 8 H+
10Ca2+
+ 6HPO4 + H2O

9. Fluoridated Varnishes
Duraphate (Heuser and Shmidt
1968).
NaF (50 mg NaF/ml), alcoholic sol.
Of natural varnish.
2.26% F ions.

10. Applications Frequency
NaF 3-6 months.
APF, SnF2 6-12 months.
3,6,12 months.

11. Fluoridated Gel
APF 0.5% F
NaF 1%
 SnF2 0.4%

12. Fluoride in periodontal therapy
 Plaque related disease.
Stannous Fluoride:
- Reduce plaque (gingivitis).
- Reduce enamel solubility.
- Antibacterial (specific).
- Reduce dental hyper sensitivity.

13. Types of Patients
Type I : (periodontally healthy patient)
Treatments:
1- Decrease of dental sensitivity.
2- Reduce plaque volume and age.
3- Reduce deleterious effects of pathogen.
4- Increase retention of fluoride in dental
plaque.
Long term high conc. Of fluoride (dentifrices,
mouth rinses, gels)

14. Type II patients
Periodontal treatments.
Control of plaque pathogens.
 Reduce plaque volume.
 Reduce post operative sensitivity.
Prevents of root caries.

15. Fluoridated Agents
NaF, APF, SnF2
 SnF2 0.4 %, 1.64%.
Irrigation of F solution in to the
pocket.
Use as a gel (brush on gel).
A combination of CHX and F.