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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIBRARY RESOURCES AND SERVICES IN SUPPORTING RESEARCHERS’ INFORMATION NEEDS 
ArinawatiAyob 
PerpustakaanHamzahSendut 
UniversitiSainsMalaysia
Changes 
•Changes in information technology 
•New format of information sources 
•Changes in the information seeking behavior of users 
•Impact to library services 
–The decline in physical library usage 
–Library Reports on usage of electronic resources
0 
2 
4 
6 
8 
10 
12 
14 
2005 
2006 
2007 
2008 
Non-Science 
Science 
Average number of books borrowed by researchers
Objectives of the Study 
To examine the effectiveness of the resources and services of an academic library from the perspective of researchers. 
To identify the researchers requirement in the provision of library resources and services in supporting the information needs of researchers.
Objectives of the Study 
To examine the researchers’ perceived effectiveness of the library resources and services in relation to their demographic characteristics. 
To examine the researchers’ perceived effectiveness of the library resources and services in relation to their library activities.
Respondents 
Published at least one article 
in any journal in 2009 or 
Published a book in 2009 or 
Received research grant from 
the university in 2009 
sent to 220 researchers and 108 of them responded
•What is effectiveness? 
•How to assess effectiveness?
Model of Performance Assessment 
Aims 
Input 
Process 
Output 
Feedback 
Outcome 
Efficiency 
Cost-effectiveness 
Effectiveness 
(Sources: Morgan, 1995)
Source: www.rin.ac.uk 
AIMS 
OUTCOMEEFFECTIVENESS
Services 
Library/ Researchers Interaction 
Resources 
Access 
EFFECTIVENESS 
Multidimensional construct
Criteria Used to Assess Library Effectiveness 
Domain One: Resources 
•Breadth and depth of the collection 
•Ability to obtain needed materials 
Domain Two: Services 
•Users are able to obtain promptly materials not owned by the library 
•The library provides sufficient indexing material to enable users to identify most of the material required regardless of its location on or off campus 
•Librarian are skilled in the application of professional knowledge to the solution of specific problems and the attainment of goals and objectives 
•Librarian provide informal guidance in the use of the library 
•Librarian staff provide prompt, courteous, and reliable service 
•Machine-readable bibliographic database searching is easily obtained through the library 
•Speed of acquisition of new materials 
•Flexibility of loan period 
•Match of hours open with users needs 
•Quietness of study environment
Domain Four: Library/Stakeholder Interaction 
•The library publicizes its services so that users know they exist 
•Regular communication with user groups 
Domain Three: Access 
•The library’s cataloging systems is easily understood and used by faculty and students 
•Materials are organized so that they are readily accessible 
•Faculty make regular use of library materials and services 
Criteria Used to Assess Library Effectiveness
Criteria 
Mean 
SD. 
Adequacy of Books 
3.26 
1.22 
Adequacy of Journals 
3.18 
1.25 
Adequacy of Abstracts 
3.07 
1.21 
Ability to obtain 
2.94 
1.17 
Effectiveness of library based on adequacy of resources 
Resources 
1 = strongly disagree 
2 = somewhat 
disagree 
3 = undecided 
4 =somewhat 
agree 
5 = strongly 
agree
Conclusion 
•Domain of resources -library resources was found to be fairly adequate.
Criteria 
Mean 
SD. 
Sufficient guidance 
3.62 
0.84 
Library opening hours 
3.58 
0.96 
Conducive place 
3.52 
0.98 
Library staff-courtesy 
3.49 
0.95 
Library staff -availability 
3.49 
1.01 
Sufficient tools 
3.48 
0.86 
Book loan Period 
3.42 
0.99 
Librarian’s professional knowledge 
3.41 
0.88 
Efficiently process new book 
3.17 
1.05 
Efficiently process new journal 
3.12 
1.03 
ILL -promptly 
2.83 
0.90 
Effectiveness of library based on services 
Service 
1 = strongly 
disagree 
2 = somewhat 
disagree 
3 = undecided 
4 =somewhat 
agree 
5 = strongly 
agree
Conclusion 
–Acquisition: 
•Service relate to “supplier” 
•Evaluation of suppliers 
•Library Policy 
–ILL: 
•Use of technology in ILL –emails of pdffiles 
•Cooperation between libraries 
•Rebranding 
•In the domain of services -new acquisitions and ILL service need to be improved.
Criteria 
Mean 
SD. 
Accessibility of subscribed databases 
3.96 
0.79 
Accessibility of OPAC 
3.87 
0.85 
OPAC easily understood 
3.76 
0.78 
Organized Materials 
3.56 
0.82 
Effectiveness of library based on accessibility of 
the resources and servicesAccess 
1 = strongly disagree 
2 = somewhat 
disagree 
3 = undecided 
4 =somewhat 
agree 
5 = strongly 
agree
Conclusion 
•Some high scores recorded in the domain of access (OPAC and subscribed databases) reflect how the advancement of technology helped the library in providing access to its resources.
Criteria 
Mean 
SD. 
e-Journals 
4.10 
1.18 
Abstracts 
3.65 
1.28 
e-Books 
3.04 
1.45 
Printed Books 
3.04 
1.11 
Current Printed Journals 
2.96 
1.32 
Old Printed Journals 
2.67 
1.25 
Researchers’ frequency of use of library resources 
Access 
1= Never 2= Rarely 3= Sometimes 4= Often 5= Always
Criteria 
Mean 
SD. 
OPAC 
3.18 
1.29 
Book Loan 
2.72 
1.27 
Access Databases from Outside 
2.48 
1.33 
A-Z Journals Locator 
2.46 
1.35 
Electronic Alert 
2.25 
1.34 
New Books Request 
2.21 
1.17 
Reference Service 
2.14 
1.06 
New Journals Request 
2.18 
1.18 
Reserving Books Online 
2.09 
1.07 
Renewing Books Online 
2.07 
1.15 
Library as a Space 
2.06 
1.13 
EndNote for Managing References 
2.04 
1.22 
Photocopying Services 
1.97 
1.10 
ILL 
1.96 
0.93 
Emails from Liaison Librarian 
1.87 
1.02 
EndNoteManuscript Template 
1.87 
1.10 
Researchers’ frequency of use of library services 
Access 
1= Never 2= Rarely 3= Sometimes 4= Often 5= Always
Criteria 
Mean 
SD. 
Sufficient ways to interact 
3.56 
0.87 
The effectiveness of library based on library/customer interaction 
Resources 
Awareness (%) 
Printed Books 
99.1 
e-Journals 
99.1 
Abstracts 
98.1 
Current Printed Journals 
97.2 
Old Printed Journals 
97.2 
e-Books 
95.3 
Researchers’ awareness of library resources 
Library/ Researchers Interaction 
1 = strongly disagree 
2 = somewhat 
disagree 
3 = undecided 
4 =somewhat 
agree 
5 = strongly 
agree
Services 
Awareness (%) 
Book Loan 
98.1 
OPAC 
98.1 
ILL 
96.3 
Reference Service 
95.3 
Library as a Space 
93.5 
Photocopying Services 
91.7 
Access Databases from Outside 
91.7 
Renewing Books Online 
91.7 
Reserving Books Online 
90.7 
EndNote for Managing References 
86.1 
New Books Request 
84.3 
New Journals Request 
83.3 
A-Z Journals Locator 
83.3 
EndNote Manuscript Template 
82.4 
Electronic Alert 
77.8 
Emails from Liaison Librarian 
76.9 
Researchers’ awareness of library servicesLibrary/ Researchers Interaction
Conclusion 
•Domain of library/researchers interaction 
•Low level of awareness of some services 
•Improve the marketing strategies
Conclusion 
•The scores show the effectiveness of the library in various dimensions.
3.26 
3.183.072.94 
3.62 
3.58 
3.52 
3.49 
3.493.48 
3.42 
3.41 
3.17 
3.122.83 
3.963.87 
3.763.563.56 
Adequacy of Books 
Adequacy of Journals 
Adequacy of Abstracts 
Ability to obtain 
Sufficient guidanceLibrary opening hours 
Conducive place 
Library staff-courtesy 
Library staff -availability 
Sufficient toolsBook loan Period 
Librarian’s professional knowledgeEfficiently process new book 
Efficiently process new journalILL -promptlyAccessibility of subscribed databases 
Accessibility of OPAC 
OPAC easily understood 
Organized Materials 
Sufficient ways to interact 
Effectiveness of Library Resources and Services in Supporting Researchers’ Information Needs Mean
99.199.1 
98.197.2 
97.2 
95.3 
98.1 
98.196.3 
95.3 
93.5 
91.7 
91.7 
91.790.786.1 
84.383.3 
83.382.4 
77.8 
76.9 
Printed Books 
e-Journals 
Abstracts 
Current Printed Journals 
Old Printed Journals 
e-Books 
Book Loan 
OPAC 
ILLReference Service 
Library as a Space 
Photocopying Services 
Access Databases from Outside 
Renewing Books Online 
Reserving Books Online 
EndNote for Managing References 
New Books Request 
New Journals Request 
A-Z Journals Locator 
EndNote Manuscript Template 
Electronic Alert 
Emails from Liaison Librarian 
Researchers Awareness of Library Resources and Services 
Awareness (%)
4.103.65 
3.04 
3.04 
2.96 
2.673.18 
2.722.48 
2.462.252.21 
2.14 
2.18 
2.09 
2.07 
2.062.04 
1.97 
1.96 
1.87 
1.87e-Journals 
Abstractse-Books 
Printed BooksCurrent Printed JournalsOld Printed Journals 
OPAC 
Book Loan 
Access Databases from Outside 
A-Z Journals Locator 
Electronic AlertNew Books Request 
Reference Service 
New Journals Request 
Reserving Books Online 
Renewing Books Online Library as a Space 
EndNote for Managing ReferencesPhotocopying Services 
ILLEmails from Liaison LibrarianEndNote Manuscript Template 
Frequency of Use of Library Resources and Services 
Mean
Analysis of Relationship
Perceived 
effectiveness of library resources 
Perceived effectiveness of library services 
Age 
 
 
Rank 
 
 
Years of service 
 
 
Discipline 
 
 
Relationshipbetweenperceivedeffectivenessoflibraryresourcesandservicesanddemographiccharacteristics
Perceived effectiveness of library resources 
perceived effectiveness of library services 
Use of new book request 
 
 
Use of new journal request 
 
 
Participation in user education program 
 
 
Frequency of use of library resources 
 
 
Frequency of use oflibrary services 
 
 
Relationshipbetweenperceivedeffectivenessoflibrary 
resourcesandservicesandlibraryactivities
Analysis of Relationship 
•How their demographic characteristics and library activities relate to their perceived effectiveness of the library. 
•There’s no significant relationship between researchers’ age, rank & years of service and their perceived effectiveness of the library 
•There’s significant relationship between researchers’ disciplines and their perceived effectiveness of the library resources 
•There’s significant relationship between levels of involvement in library activities and their perceived effectiveness of the library
THANK YOU

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An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of Library Resources And Services In Supporting Researchers’ Information Needs

  • 1. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIBRARY RESOURCES AND SERVICES IN SUPPORTING RESEARCHERS’ INFORMATION NEEDS ArinawatiAyob PerpustakaanHamzahSendut UniversitiSainsMalaysia
  • 2. Changes •Changes in information technology •New format of information sources •Changes in the information seeking behavior of users •Impact to library services –The decline in physical library usage –Library Reports on usage of electronic resources
  • 3. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2005 2006 2007 2008 Non-Science Science Average number of books borrowed by researchers
  • 4. Objectives of the Study To examine the effectiveness of the resources and services of an academic library from the perspective of researchers. To identify the researchers requirement in the provision of library resources and services in supporting the information needs of researchers.
  • 5. Objectives of the Study To examine the researchers’ perceived effectiveness of the library resources and services in relation to their demographic characteristics. To examine the researchers’ perceived effectiveness of the library resources and services in relation to their library activities.
  • 6. Respondents Published at least one article in any journal in 2009 or Published a book in 2009 or Received research grant from the university in 2009 sent to 220 researchers and 108 of them responded
  • 7. •What is effectiveness? •How to assess effectiveness?
  • 8. Model of Performance Assessment Aims Input Process Output Feedback Outcome Efficiency Cost-effectiveness Effectiveness (Sources: Morgan, 1995)
  • 9. Source: www.rin.ac.uk AIMS OUTCOMEEFFECTIVENESS
  • 10. Services Library/ Researchers Interaction Resources Access EFFECTIVENESS Multidimensional construct
  • 11. Criteria Used to Assess Library Effectiveness Domain One: Resources •Breadth and depth of the collection •Ability to obtain needed materials Domain Two: Services •Users are able to obtain promptly materials not owned by the library •The library provides sufficient indexing material to enable users to identify most of the material required regardless of its location on or off campus •Librarian are skilled in the application of professional knowledge to the solution of specific problems and the attainment of goals and objectives •Librarian provide informal guidance in the use of the library •Librarian staff provide prompt, courteous, and reliable service •Machine-readable bibliographic database searching is easily obtained through the library •Speed of acquisition of new materials •Flexibility of loan period •Match of hours open with users needs •Quietness of study environment
  • 12. Domain Four: Library/Stakeholder Interaction •The library publicizes its services so that users know they exist •Regular communication with user groups Domain Three: Access •The library’s cataloging systems is easily understood and used by faculty and students •Materials are organized so that they are readily accessible •Faculty make regular use of library materials and services Criteria Used to Assess Library Effectiveness
  • 13. Criteria Mean SD. Adequacy of Books 3.26 1.22 Adequacy of Journals 3.18 1.25 Adequacy of Abstracts 3.07 1.21 Ability to obtain 2.94 1.17 Effectiveness of library based on adequacy of resources Resources 1 = strongly disagree 2 = somewhat disagree 3 = undecided 4 =somewhat agree 5 = strongly agree
  • 14. Conclusion •Domain of resources -library resources was found to be fairly adequate.
  • 15. Criteria Mean SD. Sufficient guidance 3.62 0.84 Library opening hours 3.58 0.96 Conducive place 3.52 0.98 Library staff-courtesy 3.49 0.95 Library staff -availability 3.49 1.01 Sufficient tools 3.48 0.86 Book loan Period 3.42 0.99 Librarian’s professional knowledge 3.41 0.88 Efficiently process new book 3.17 1.05 Efficiently process new journal 3.12 1.03 ILL -promptly 2.83 0.90 Effectiveness of library based on services Service 1 = strongly disagree 2 = somewhat disagree 3 = undecided 4 =somewhat agree 5 = strongly agree
  • 16. Conclusion –Acquisition: •Service relate to “supplier” •Evaluation of suppliers •Library Policy –ILL: •Use of technology in ILL –emails of pdffiles •Cooperation between libraries •Rebranding •In the domain of services -new acquisitions and ILL service need to be improved.
  • 17. Criteria Mean SD. Accessibility of subscribed databases 3.96 0.79 Accessibility of OPAC 3.87 0.85 OPAC easily understood 3.76 0.78 Organized Materials 3.56 0.82 Effectiveness of library based on accessibility of the resources and servicesAccess 1 = strongly disagree 2 = somewhat disagree 3 = undecided 4 =somewhat agree 5 = strongly agree
  • 18. Conclusion •Some high scores recorded in the domain of access (OPAC and subscribed databases) reflect how the advancement of technology helped the library in providing access to its resources.
  • 19. Criteria Mean SD. e-Journals 4.10 1.18 Abstracts 3.65 1.28 e-Books 3.04 1.45 Printed Books 3.04 1.11 Current Printed Journals 2.96 1.32 Old Printed Journals 2.67 1.25 Researchers’ frequency of use of library resources Access 1= Never 2= Rarely 3= Sometimes 4= Often 5= Always
  • 20. Criteria Mean SD. OPAC 3.18 1.29 Book Loan 2.72 1.27 Access Databases from Outside 2.48 1.33 A-Z Journals Locator 2.46 1.35 Electronic Alert 2.25 1.34 New Books Request 2.21 1.17 Reference Service 2.14 1.06 New Journals Request 2.18 1.18 Reserving Books Online 2.09 1.07 Renewing Books Online 2.07 1.15 Library as a Space 2.06 1.13 EndNote for Managing References 2.04 1.22 Photocopying Services 1.97 1.10 ILL 1.96 0.93 Emails from Liaison Librarian 1.87 1.02 EndNoteManuscript Template 1.87 1.10 Researchers’ frequency of use of library services Access 1= Never 2= Rarely 3= Sometimes 4= Often 5= Always
  • 21. Criteria Mean SD. Sufficient ways to interact 3.56 0.87 The effectiveness of library based on library/customer interaction Resources Awareness (%) Printed Books 99.1 e-Journals 99.1 Abstracts 98.1 Current Printed Journals 97.2 Old Printed Journals 97.2 e-Books 95.3 Researchers’ awareness of library resources Library/ Researchers Interaction 1 = strongly disagree 2 = somewhat disagree 3 = undecided 4 =somewhat agree 5 = strongly agree
  • 22. Services Awareness (%) Book Loan 98.1 OPAC 98.1 ILL 96.3 Reference Service 95.3 Library as a Space 93.5 Photocopying Services 91.7 Access Databases from Outside 91.7 Renewing Books Online 91.7 Reserving Books Online 90.7 EndNote for Managing References 86.1 New Books Request 84.3 New Journals Request 83.3 A-Z Journals Locator 83.3 EndNote Manuscript Template 82.4 Electronic Alert 77.8 Emails from Liaison Librarian 76.9 Researchers’ awareness of library servicesLibrary/ Researchers Interaction
  • 23. Conclusion •Domain of library/researchers interaction •Low level of awareness of some services •Improve the marketing strategies
  • 24. Conclusion •The scores show the effectiveness of the library in various dimensions.
  • 25. 3.26 3.183.072.94 3.62 3.58 3.52 3.49 3.493.48 3.42 3.41 3.17 3.122.83 3.963.87 3.763.563.56 Adequacy of Books Adequacy of Journals Adequacy of Abstracts Ability to obtain Sufficient guidanceLibrary opening hours Conducive place Library staff-courtesy Library staff -availability Sufficient toolsBook loan Period Librarian’s professional knowledgeEfficiently process new book Efficiently process new journalILL -promptlyAccessibility of subscribed databases Accessibility of OPAC OPAC easily understood Organized Materials Sufficient ways to interact Effectiveness of Library Resources and Services in Supporting Researchers’ Information Needs Mean
  • 26. 99.199.1 98.197.2 97.2 95.3 98.1 98.196.3 95.3 93.5 91.7 91.7 91.790.786.1 84.383.3 83.382.4 77.8 76.9 Printed Books e-Journals Abstracts Current Printed Journals Old Printed Journals e-Books Book Loan OPAC ILLReference Service Library as a Space Photocopying Services Access Databases from Outside Renewing Books Online Reserving Books Online EndNote for Managing References New Books Request New Journals Request A-Z Journals Locator EndNote Manuscript Template Electronic Alert Emails from Liaison Librarian Researchers Awareness of Library Resources and Services Awareness (%)
  • 27. 4.103.65 3.04 3.04 2.96 2.673.18 2.722.48 2.462.252.21 2.14 2.18 2.09 2.07 2.062.04 1.97 1.96 1.87 1.87e-Journals Abstractse-Books Printed BooksCurrent Printed JournalsOld Printed Journals OPAC Book Loan Access Databases from Outside A-Z Journals Locator Electronic AlertNew Books Request Reference Service New Journals Request Reserving Books Online Renewing Books Online Library as a Space EndNote for Managing ReferencesPhotocopying Services ILLEmails from Liaison LibrarianEndNote Manuscript Template Frequency of Use of Library Resources and Services Mean
  • 29. Perceived effectiveness of library resources Perceived effectiveness of library services Age   Rank   Years of service   Discipline   Relationshipbetweenperceivedeffectivenessoflibraryresourcesandservicesanddemographiccharacteristics
  • 30. Perceived effectiveness of library resources perceived effectiveness of library services Use of new book request   Use of new journal request   Participation in user education program   Frequency of use of library resources   Frequency of use oflibrary services   Relationshipbetweenperceivedeffectivenessoflibrary resourcesandservicesandlibraryactivities
  • 31. Analysis of Relationship •How their demographic characteristics and library activities relate to their perceived effectiveness of the library. •There’s no significant relationship between researchers’ age, rank & years of service and their perceived effectiveness of the library •There’s significant relationship between researchers’ disciplines and their perceived effectiveness of the library resources •There’s significant relationship between levels of involvement in library activities and their perceived effectiveness of the library