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The document proposes a revolutionary primary healthcare program called Aarogyadoot that uses mobile vans to provide healthcare access to rural villages in India. The vans, called Aarogyadoots, will travel on a fixed route from a Primary Health Center (PHC) in a hub area to surrounding villages, visiting each village every two weeks. They will function as mobile clinics and spread healthcare awareness. The program will be implemented over 10 years in 5 phases, starting with a pilot in Chhattisgarh before expanding to other states. It provides details on the estimated number of villages and vans needed, costs of purchasing and operating the vans, and sources of funding from government and user fees.
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Health workforce in india
Health workforce Statistics: Current Needs and Requirements
Introduction
Trained healthcare workforce is an important determinant of efficiency and outcomes of any health system as devised by WHO health systems approach. India one of the most populous country of the world has always felt a dire need of healthcare workforce even having one of the largest medical education and capacity building system. On the other hand we have a variety of health cadre namely from an ASHA to super specialized doctors. In our presentation we have critically analyzed the distribution of health workforce in India and its impacts on health and healthcare delivery for the mass of our society.
The Health Workforce in Nutshell
India faces an acute shortage of trained health workforce. India has a large basket of interventions to improve the healthcare but they are adversely effected by shortage of trained, motivated and supported health workforce. The shortages and misdistribution of health workforce have a large contribution to inequities in health outcomes. India’s health workforce is a combination of both registered, formal health-care providers and informal medical practitioners. We have a very unique health system with a large public health system and a blanket of juxtaposed private health care system. Similar situation is also present in training and education of health workforce. There is also a lack of data on the exact number of health care providers.
Issues
Quite a percentage of Indian population is spread in the rural areas but on the other hand the concentration of health care is in the urban system. The health care providers are highly concentrated in the urban area. Health worker densities are very low in rural settings when compared with urban areas. The next issue is lack of support to the health care providers practicing in the rural area and attraction of high income, support and provisions in the urban settings for the highly specialized workforce which includes doctors, dentist etc. At the national level, the aggregate density of doctors, nurses and midwives was 2.08 per 1000 population, which was lower than WHO’s critical shortage threshold of 2.28 .
Conclusion
In a concluding remark the production of health workforce has increased too many folds which has cost increased privatization of health education. On the other hand the public medical education system has not expanded at the required level. There is need to tap the potential in the private players with keep in mind stringent control of quality and cost. The increase in production is not going to resolve the issues of health worker availability and distribution. The need of the hour is to find sustainable measures to target the acute shortfall in the trained health workforce in India.
Dr.Nachiket More
India faces significant challenges in providing healthcare to its rural populations due to shortages of doctors and medical facilities. One initiative in Tamil Nadu aims to address this by partnering with local non-profits to set up well-equipped rural health centers. The project trains Ayush practitioners, who have indigenous medical training, to serve as primary healthcare providers in rural areas. It hopes to demonstrate how a sustainable primary healthcare system can be established to better serve India's rural communities, which currently have very limited access to medical care and professionals.
Human Resource crisis in rural health care in India
The document summarizes the evolution of rural healthcare in India from the Bhore Committee in 1943 to the present. It outlines the structural hierarchy from sub-centers to primary health centers to community health centers. It identifies key challenges including a severe shortage of rural health workers, issues with their development, deployment, and management, and problems with education and training. A case study using the Warr Job Satisfaction scale found low levels of satisfaction among rural health workers.
4. health human resources as part of health service management
The document discusses key issues related to health human resources (HRH) in Bangladesh. It notes that HRH are critical to health systems but there are several problems, including shortages, maldistribution between urban and rural areas, skill-mix imbalances, and weak career prospects. Specifically, there are not enough health workers to meet WHO thresholds. Distribution is skewed towards cities, and skill levels do not match the recommended ratios of doctors, nurses, and other staff. Working conditions are also negative due to overwork and lack of incentives. [END SUMMARY]
Pakistan - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia
Pakistan - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in AsiaThalassaemia International Federation
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia by Prof. Dr. Jovaria Mannan, Professor of Paediatrics, Chairperson of the Medical Advisory Board, Thalassaemia Federation of PakistanProblems Affecting Work Performance of Healthcare Practitioners in Jazan, Kin...
This Study Aims To Provide Human Resource Management Framework To Address The Need Of
Improving Delivery Of Leadership And Management Skills To Promote The Quality Of Healthcare Practitioners
In Health Facilities In Jazan, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia.
This Is A Cross-Sectional Study Involving 60 Health Workers And 40 Health Managers In Health Facilities
Operated By Moh. Questionnaire Was Used Supported By Unstructured Interview To Gather Data Which Were
Statistically Treated Through The Percentage And Weighted Mean.
Results Showed That A Typical Healthcare Practitioner In Jazan, Ksa Has A Mean Age Of 31.17 For Health
Workers And 28 For Health Managers; Mostly Females From Asian Countries With Diploma In
Nursing/Midwifery As Educational Qualification. Most Of The Health Workers Are Charge Nurses (41.67%).
Average Years Of Work Experience Are 6.92 Years For The Health Workers And 12.63 Years For The Health
Managers. The Health Workers Showed Agreement On The Utilization Of Performance Appraisal In Their Unit
(Mw=3.66). However, They Were Uncertain On Their Appraisal Regarding Remuneration, Benefits And
Recognition (Mw=3.30) As Well As On Staffing And Work Schedules (Mw=3.01) And Staff Development
(Mw=3.31). Problems Affecting Their Performance Was Generally Moderately Serious (Mw=2.39) But
Shortage Of Staff Specifically Was Very Serious (Mw=3.27). They Perceived The Strategies To Improve And
Maintain Excellent Performance As Moderately Needed (Mw-2.23). Health Managers Were Often Involved In
Management Tasks (Mw=2.89) And They Assessed Their Skills As Good (Mw=3.63).
In Conclusion, Many Of The Healthcare Practitioners Are Dominantly Female Expatriates From Asian
Countries Who Do Not Have The Current Educational Qualification Required In The Job. As A Consequence,
They Encounter Problems In Their Job Ad Management Affecting Their Work Performance. Addressing These
Problems Is Necessary To Improve The Work Performance And Management Skills Of The Healthcare
Practitioners.
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The document discusses human resources for health (HRH) in India. It notes that HRH is critical for ensuring health care accessibility, equity and quality. It provides a brief history of health sector planning and HRH development in India since 1946. It discusses the diversity of HRH in India, including various types of providers, managers and support staff. It highlights challenges in maintaining adequate numbers, distribution and quality of HRH to meet changing health needs. It also summarizes NRHM's achievements and goals in addressing HRH issues like shortages, inequitable distribution and skills upgradation in order to improve health outcomes in India.
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The document summarizes the structure of Pakistan's health care system and identifies basic health issues in the country. It notes that Pakistan has a poorly organized health structure without clearly defined roles for primary, secondary and tertiary care. It also highlights issues like the high cost of care, lack of health education, uncontrolled quackery, and the large role of the private sector in healthcare delivery, especially in urban areas of Sindh province. The private health sector in Sindh is described as varied without strong regulation, ranging from well-equipped hospitals to informal providers like general stores. The roles and responsibilities of both the government and private sectors are discussed to address gaps and improve healthcare access and quality in Pakistan.
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Health workforce in india
Health workforce Statistics: Current Needs and Requirements
Introduction
Trained healthcare workforce is an important determinant of efficiency and outcomes of any health system as devised by WHO health systems approach. India one of the most populous country of the world has always felt a dire need of healthcare workforce even having one of the largest medical education and capacity building system. On the other hand we have a variety of health cadre namely from an ASHA to super specialized doctors. In our presentation we have critically analyzed the distribution of health workforce in India and its impacts on health and healthcare delivery for the mass of our society.
The Health Workforce in Nutshell
India faces an acute shortage of trained health workforce. India has a large basket of interventions to improve the healthcare but they are adversely effected by shortage of trained, motivated and supported health workforce. The shortages and misdistribution of health workforce have a large contribution to inequities in health outcomes. India’s health workforce is a combination of both registered, formal health-care providers and informal medical practitioners. We have a very unique health system with a large public health system and a blanket of juxtaposed private health care system. Similar situation is also present in training and education of health workforce. There is also a lack of data on the exact number of health care providers.
Issues
Quite a percentage of Indian population is spread in the rural areas but on the other hand the concentration of health care is in the urban system. The health care providers are highly concentrated in the urban area. Health worker densities are very low in rural settings when compared with urban areas. The next issue is lack of support to the health care providers practicing in the rural area and attraction of high income, support and provisions in the urban settings for the highly specialized workforce which includes doctors, dentist etc. At the national level, the aggregate density of doctors, nurses and midwives was 2.08 per 1000 population, which was lower than WHO’s critical shortage threshold of 2.28 .
Conclusion
In a concluding remark the production of health workforce has increased too many folds which has cost increased privatization of health education. On the other hand the public medical education system has not expanded at the required level. There is need to tap the potential in the private players with keep in mind stringent control of quality and cost. The increase in production is not going to resolve the issues of health worker availability and distribution. The need of the hour is to find sustainable measures to target the acute shortfall in the trained health workforce in India.
Dr.Nachiket More
India faces significant challenges in providing healthcare to its rural populations due to shortages of doctors and medical facilities. One initiative in Tamil Nadu aims to address this by partnering with local non-profits to set up well-equipped rural health centers. The project trains Ayush practitioners, who have indigenous medical training, to serve as primary healthcare providers in rural areas. It hopes to demonstrate how a sustainable primary healthcare system can be established to better serve India's rural communities, which currently have very limited access to medical care and professionals.
Human Resource crisis in rural health care in India
The document summarizes the evolution of rural healthcare in India from the Bhore Committee in 1943 to the present. It outlines the structural hierarchy from sub-centers to primary health centers to community health centers. It identifies key challenges including a severe shortage of rural health workers, issues with their development, deployment, and management, and problems with education and training. A case study using the Warr Job Satisfaction scale found low levels of satisfaction among rural health workers.
4. health human resources as part of health service management
The document discusses key issues related to health human resources (HRH) in Bangladesh. It notes that HRH are critical to health systems but there are several problems, including shortages, maldistribution between urban and rural areas, skill-mix imbalances, and weak career prospects. Specifically, there are not enough health workers to meet WHO thresholds. Distribution is skewed towards cities, and skill levels do not match the recommended ratios of doctors, nurses, and other staff. Working conditions are also negative due to overwork and lack of incentives. [END SUMMARY]
Pakistan - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia
Pakistan - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in AsiaThalassaemia International Federation
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia by Prof. Dr. Jovaria Mannan, Professor of Paediatrics, Chairperson of the Medical Advisory Board, Thalassaemia Federation of PakistanProblems Affecting Work Performance of Healthcare Practitioners in Jazan, Kin...
This Study Aims To Provide Human Resource Management Framework To Address The Need Of
Improving Delivery Of Leadership And Management Skills To Promote The Quality Of Healthcare Practitioners
In Health Facilities In Jazan, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia.
This Is A Cross-Sectional Study Involving 60 Health Workers And 40 Health Managers In Health Facilities
Operated By Moh. Questionnaire Was Used Supported By Unstructured Interview To Gather Data Which Were
Statistically Treated Through The Percentage And Weighted Mean.
Results Showed That A Typical Healthcare Practitioner In Jazan, Ksa Has A Mean Age Of 31.17 For Health
Workers And 28 For Health Managers; Mostly Females From Asian Countries With Diploma In
Nursing/Midwifery As Educational Qualification. Most Of The Health Workers Are Charge Nurses (41.67%).
Average Years Of Work Experience Are 6.92 Years For The Health Workers And 12.63 Years For The Health
Managers. The Health Workers Showed Agreement On The Utilization Of Performance Appraisal In Their Unit
(Mw=3.66). However, They Were Uncertain On Their Appraisal Regarding Remuneration, Benefits And
Recognition (Mw=3.30) As Well As On Staffing And Work Schedules (Mw=3.01) And Staff Development
(Mw=3.31). Problems Affecting Their Performance Was Generally Moderately Serious (Mw=2.39) But
Shortage Of Staff Specifically Was Very Serious (Mw=3.27). They Perceived The Strategies To Improve And
Maintain Excellent Performance As Moderately Needed (Mw-2.23). Health Managers Were Often Involved In
Management Tasks (Mw=2.89) And They Assessed Their Skills As Good (Mw=3.63).
In Conclusion, Many Of The Healthcare Practitioners Are Dominantly Female Expatriates From Asian
Countries Who Do Not Have The Current Educational Qualification Required In The Job. As A Consequence,
They Encounter Problems In Their Job Ad Management Affecting Their Work Performance. Addressing These
Problems Is Necessary To Improve The Work Performance And Management Skills Of The Healthcare
Practitioners.
Status of human resources for health in India -Thamma Rao
The document discusses human resources for health (HRH) in India. It notes that HRH is critical for ensuring health care accessibility, equity and quality. It provides a brief history of health sector planning and HRH development in India since 1946. It discusses the diversity of HRH in India, including various types of providers, managers and support staff. It highlights challenges in maintaining adequate numbers, distribution and quality of HRH to meet changing health needs. It also summarizes NRHM's achievements and goals in addressing HRH issues like shortages, inequitable distribution and skills upgradation in order to improve health outcomes in India.
Basic health issues and role of private healthcare System in Pakistan
The document summarizes the structure of Pakistan's health care system and identifies basic health issues in the country. It notes that Pakistan has a poorly organized health structure without clearly defined roles for primary, secondary and tertiary care. It also highlights issues like the high cost of care, lack of health education, uncontrolled quackery, and the large role of the private sector in healthcare delivery, especially in urban areas of Sindh province. The private health sector in Sindh is described as varied without strong regulation, ranging from well-equipped hospitals to informal providers like general stores. The roles and responsibilities of both the government and private sectors are discussed to address gaps and improve healthcare access and quality in Pakistan.
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2. It notes Bangladesh has a shortage of health professionals, with physician and nurse densities of 3.0 and 2.8 per 10,000 people respectively. Vacancy rates are highest for lower-level positions.
3. Strategic challenges include inadequate salaries, lack of incentives for rural postings, political influence in appointments, and migration of skilled workers abroad. Improving HR management is seen as vital to strengthening the health system.
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This document discusses human resources for healthcare in India. It notes that India faces shortages of healthcare providers across all categories, with a doctor-to-population ratio of 0.6 per 1,000 compared to the WHO benchmark of 1. Not only is there a shortage, but providers are unevenly distributed between rural and urban areas and across states. Poor working conditions, lack of incentives, and inadequate infrastructure contribute to absenteeism and out-migration of providers. Expanding medical education intake will still not meet demand. Improving rural postings and living conditions for providers is needed to address shortages and distributional issues.
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1. The document discusses human resource management in the health sector of Bangladesh, outlining key HR functions and challenges.
2. It notes Bangladesh has a shortage of health professionals, with physician and nurse densities of 3.0 and 2.8 per 10,000 people respectively. Vacancy rates are highest for lower-level positions.
3. Strategic challenges include inadequate salaries, lack of incentives for rural postings, political influence in appointments, and migration of skilled workers abroad. Improving HR management is seen as vital to strengthening the health system.
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- India needs to reform its medical, nursing, and paramedical education to improve healthcare access and outcomes.
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For the last 10 years or more, the industry has been crying out loud for a major reform of the way medical education and supply side constraints of talent in India has been governed. The major constraints in
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This document outlines the human resource management challenges in the Nigerian health sector. It defines human resources for health and describes Nigeria's health system structure. While Nigeria has a large stock of health workers, there are still shortages and geographical imbalances. Key human resource management components like planning, recruitment, performance management and training are discussed. Issues around staffing, pay and relations are also challenges. Case studies of Kwara and Rivers States further illustrate human resource profiles and distribution across the country. Overall, effective human resource management is needed to address health workforce issues in Nigeria.
Health care delivery system
The document discusses the roles and functions of subcentres and primary health centres in India's public health system. Subcentres are the most peripheral unit and aim to provide basic primary healthcare services to populations of 3,000-5,000 through a female health worker and male multipurpose worker. Primary health centres serve larger populations of 20,000-30,000 and provide outpatient and inpatient services through medical officers and staff. Both play key roles in maternal and child health, family planning, immunization, disease control programs and acting as first referrals in rural areas. The document outlines the comprehensive services expected at each level according to Indian public health standards.
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This document discusses the roles and functions of regulatory bodies, professional organizations, and unions in nursing. It defines regulatory bodies as government agencies that enforce standards and safety in a given profession. Professional organizations aim to improve nursing education and practice standards. Unions help nurses communicate issues to management and ensure legal rights are respected. The document outlines several key regulatory bodies like the International Council of Nurses, Indian Nursing Council, and State Nursing Councils. It also describes professional associations like the Trained Nurses Association of India and Student Nurses Association of India.
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Human resource management in the health sector of Bangladesh
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The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
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Some agencies that affect nursing profession in the Philippines
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Women constitute half the population but receive only one tenth of income and undertake two thirds of total work with longer working hours than men. They lack education, health care, and empowerment. Empowerment has become a widely used goal but is poorly defined. Key factors constraining women's empowerment include their heavy workload, isolation, illiteracy, traditional views limiting participation, lack of funds, conflicts, and discriminatory policies. Empowering women requires addressing these issues through gender analysis, reducing drudgery, raising rights awareness, ensuring equal leadership opportunities, organizing women's groups, expanding access to financial services, increasing literacy, improving health services, and halting child marriage.
IIIT-D
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DAV3
The Future City Competition allows middle school students to design future cities through simulation software, research an engineering problem, build a scale model using recycled materials, and present their ideas to judges. Students work in teams, mentored by an educator and engineer, to envision economically, socially, environmentally, and culturally sustainable cities that address challenges like inequality, infrastructure, pollution, and cultural cohesion. The document then discusses current problems facing cities and a proposed solution framework before outlining global challenges and immediate economic, social, environmental, and cultural hurdles cities face.
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The document discusses ensuring world-class civic amenities in India in a sustainable way. It addresses issues like loss of biodiversity, pollution, and destruction of ecosystems from rapid development. It suggests more sustainable solutions like prohibiting heavy machinery to protect hills and trees, encouraging green building practices, and maintaining water bodies to improve filtration. It also proposes developing radial roads and bus stations at intersections to reduce congestion and pollution from traffic.
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The document discusses issues related to criminal charges against MPs in India. It notes that 162 MPs elected to the 15th Lok Sabha faced criminal charges, with 76 facing serious charges. It also notes a large increase in the assets of re-elected MPs from 2004 to 2009. The introduction of electronic voting machines was seen as a reform, but the process remains slow as MPs have incentives to delay reforms that could impact criminal benefactors. While recent Supreme Court rulings barred convicted candidates from running, there are concerns this could be misused and concerns about instability in the legal system from overruling past judgements. Possible solutions discussed include putting a stay on convictions.
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The document proposes establishing a Central Body for Student Development and Employment (CBSDE) to address the problem of youth unemployment in India. The CBSDE would be funded by the central government and work with educational institutions and companies to provide students with internships, training opportunities, career counseling and soft skills development. It would streamline the process of matching students to opportunities and aim to curb issues like partiality, discrimination and imbalance in opportunities across fields of study. Challenges in establishing such a large national body include high costs, maintaining relationships and preventing corruption, but these could be mitigated through proper oversight, verification processes and coordination between CBSDE branches in colleges.
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India has a rich history of scientific development and innovation dating back to ancient times. However, modern India has lost its way and is no longer leading in research and innovation like it once did. Three key changes are needed: 1) Make education more practical and focused on application rather than just theory, 2) Motivate people to pursue new ideas and innovation from a young age, and 3) Reduce political influence and open research organizations to people of all backgrounds based solely on merit. With these reforms, India can regain its former status as a global leader in science and technology.
IndiansHands
The document outlines a proposal to establish a Quality Monitoring Committee to oversee primary education in villages, with the goals of ensuring all children attend school through 8th grade, maintaining high quality education, and empowering students. The proposed committee would be made up of local stakeholders like teachers, parents, students, and retired officials, and would meet monthly to monitor education quality, discuss suggestions and issues, and work to achieve objectives like developing critical thinking in students.
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The document discusses solutions to address issues plaguing the Indian judicial system such as delays in justice delivery and a large backlog of cases. It proposes improving the judicial system through increasing use of technology to reduce paperwork, introducing transparency online, improving infrastructure through new courts, leveraging existing resources, and improving the education system to increase the talent pool. The key impact would be expediting justice delivery through a faster, more efficient system, reducing corruption, and boosting the economy. Challenges include ensuring an unbiased process and addressing the high costs of overhauling the system.
TRIGGER
The document proposes a volunteer-driven skills training model to address India's shortage of skilled workers. Unemployed individuals would be recruited as volunteer trainers and provide skills training to students on weekends using local government schools and offices. A central management team would map skills needs, recruit trainers, design curriculum, and provide implementation support through an online platform and regional offices. The goal is to train 5 million students annually across 100 cities through 500,000 volunteer trainers, imparting skills like English, computers, mathematics, and life skills. Key challenges include securing funding, integrating with formal education, and ensuring placement opportunities for students.
gamechanger5
The document discusses the need for electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It argues that the current first-past-the-post electoral system leads candidates to use unfair means to win elections as marginal votes are important. Other countries like Spain and Australia introduced proportional representation which increased voter turnout and resulted in election results that better represented public opinion. The document proposes replacing the current system with proportional representation which would make overall vote share more important than marginal votes, reducing the need for candidates to use money and muscle power.
vitianguru
The document discusses the issues of sanitation and access to clean drinking water in India. It notes that over 50% of the population lacks private sanitation facilities and around 97 million people lack access to safe drinking water. This is due to a lack of substantial investment in infrastructure as well as inefficiencies in government departments. Solutions proposed include improving infrastructure, implementing waste separation and management programs, urbanization efforts, rainwater harvesting, upgrading sewage treatment plants, and strengthening environmental laws and conservation projects.
X-Muse
The document summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for developing the North-East region of India. It identifies key sectors for development such as physical infrastructure, power generation, border trade, agriculture, tourism, and demography. Challenges in each sector are outlined along with potential solutions and incentives to promote growth in the region. The document concludes with references used in the analysis.
RAAAH
The document discusses future cities in India and focuses on three cities - Trivandrum, Kochi, and Kozhikode in Kerala. It provides background information and highlights on each city, noting their population sizes, number of education institutions, areas, and strengths that make them ideal for business growth in various sectors like education, research, tourism, IT, and more. It also discusses institutional innovations needed for urban governance and monitoring progress of strategic urban development plans through qualitative and quantitative metrics.
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La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
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The document discusses the upcoming Jerusalem municipal elections on October 22nd and encourages voters to support the Gimmel party. It summarizes the work the Gimmel party has done to help the religious community, such as building schools, improving infrastructure, and obtaining tax discounts. It warns that if the Gimmel party does not get enough votes and seats on the city council, they will lose power to influence policies and budgets that affect the religious population. Party leaders encourage more voter turnout and involvement to empower the religious faction.
SR1JAN5
This document discusses the informal sector in India. It notes that over 90% of India's labor is in the informal/unorganized sector, working in jobs like mining, rag picking, construction, domestic work, and vending. Workers in the informal sector face low incomes, lack of proper jobs, poor living conditions, and malnutrition. To address these issues, the document proposes developing the unorganized sector by decreasing poverty, improving the economy, reducing child labor, providing education, housing, and employment protections. It also suggests linking informal workers to programs through identification cards and expanding social security and provident funds.
NIT2k12
Primary education in India aims to improve morality and provide a strong foundation for students' development. However, many children are performing below expected levels due to inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, and lack of institutional support. While enrollment has increased, quality remains low. To improve primary education outcomes, the document recommends increasing parental involvement, student counseling, pre-nursery education, practical teaching methods, teacher training, and infrastructure development. Regular management reviews are also suggested to enhance the overall primary education system in India.
THDC-5SHINERS
This document discusses various strategies to empower women in India. It notes that true empowerment will require changing longstanding attitudes and addressing ongoing issues like female feticide, child marriage, sexual harassment, and dowry practices. It advocates for improving education, increasing media coverage of women's issues, addressing women's safety and rights in political party platforms, conducting community feedback, restricting pornography, reforming laws around juvenile offenders, and launching public awareness campaigns. The overall message is that a multifaceted, grassroots approach is needed to empower women and end discrimination.
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This document provides a summary of a presentation on providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities in India. It outlines several key problems including that less than 50% of people have access to drinking water, 30% of rural populations lack access, water quality issues are widespread, and most cities do not treat wastewater before disposal. It also discusses gender and caste issues related to water collection. Diarrhea is a major cause of child death. The presentation proposes solutions like improving multiple water sources, rainwater harvesting, affordable toilets, and special technologies for diverse areas. It emphasizes the need for a holistic, networked approach involving various stakeholders.
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The document outlines a proposed network of nurses and auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) managed by a public health information system (PHIS) to provide primary healthcare services to rural India's population. The model proposes a 4-tier structure with nurses and ANMs at the grassroots level, supported by doctors at the district level and overseen at state and central levels through PHIS. The summary also provides details of implementation, requirements, impacts, and challenges of the proposed primary healthcare network.
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The document provides guidelines for conducting maternal death reviews (MDR) at the community and facility levels in India. It outlines the steps for community-based MDR which includes notifying block medical officers of women's deaths, investigating these deaths using a verbal autopsy form, and reviewing cases. It also describes the roles and responsibilities of different individuals involved in the MDR process at the block, district, and state levels.
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This document proposes a new model to improve primary healthcare access in India by developing a parallel healthcare and judicial system from the national to local level. The healthcare system would focus on improving facilities and availability of doctors and medicines in rural areas. The independent judicial system would oversee the proper functioning of the healthcare system and ensure accountability. If implemented, this model could help reduce many healthcare problems in India by providing universal access to quality primary care.
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The document discusses mid-level health care providers in India. It notes that India faces a large disease burden and shortage of doctors. To address this, in 2019 India introduced a new role of Community Health Officer to work in health and wellness centers and provide primary health care. Community Health Officers undergo certificate training and are intended to bridge the gap between communities and health facilities by diagnosing, treating minor illnesses, and performing other services like screenings. Their expanded roles help address workforce shortages and improve access to health care, especially in rural areas.
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This document discusses universalizing access to primary healthcare in India. It begins by outlining India's healthcare delivery structure and what constitutes primary healthcare. It then discusses reasons for poor healthcare access, including insufficient funding, lack of physical access in rural areas, unavailability of services, and financial barriers. The document proposes a roadmap to improve the primary healthcare system by focusing on infrastructure development through public-private partnerships, human resource management like incentives for rural postings, improving planning and integration of services like referrals and medicines, increasing regulations and community participation. It also discusses innovative ideas relying more on human capital than infrastructure.
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This annual report from the Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal provides summaries of the country's progress on health services and outcomes over the past year. It covers a wide range of topics including child health, immunizations, nutrition programs, reproductive health services, disease control efforts, nursing, health insurance initiatives, and support from development partners. The report consists of 11 chapters and two annexes detailing activities and targets across the health sector.
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The document discusses the development of post-graduate programs in emergency medicine in India. It provides an overview of the current status of emergency medicine in India, noting that it is a nascent specialty with few formally trained emergency physicians. It also outlines some of the key milestones in the development of emergency medicine services in India, including emergency medicine being recognized as a separate specialty by the Medical Council of India in 2009. The document examines the limited number of post-graduate seats for emergency medicine programs compared to other specialties and the large scope for further growth of emergency medicine in India given the country's health needs.
Challenges in Indian Healthcare Sector
The document discusses the Indian healthcare system and its key challenges. It notes that the system faces substantial challenges in providing quality healthcare due to factors such as a fast growing population, changing disease profiles, a multilayered healthcare landscape, lack of infrastructure, shortage of manpower, low public expenditure on health, and inaccessibility of services - especially in rural areas. It also examines the disease burden in India and initiatives by the government to improve the system. However, it concludes that India still lags in key healthcare indicators and there is need for improved healthcare planning, resources, and financing to address the country's growing healthcare challenges.
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The document discusses universalizing access to primary healthcare in India. It outlines the current healthcare structure and reasons for poor access, including insufficient funding, lack of availability and affordability. It proposes a roadmap to improve the system through measures like increasing infrastructure and availability of resources, improving human resource management, strengthening regulations, and public-private partnerships. The goal is to ensure equitable, affordable and quality healthcare access for all Indians.
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The document discusses current issues and trends in community health nursing in India and Uttrakhand. It summarizes the current status of community health in India, noting issues like a lack of universal healthcare access, high rates of communicable and non-communicable diseases, and poor sanitation and hygiene. It then discusses health trends specifically in Uttrakhand, including goals to reduce infant mortality and improve other health indicators. The document also summarizes trends in community nursing, including emphasis on preventive care, evidence-based practice, and continuity of care between community and hospital settings. It notes issues facing community nursing like nurse migration, underfunding, unequal distribution of nurses, employment problems, and recruitment issues.
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This document provides an overview of public health and the structure of Pakistan's healthcare system. It begins with definitions of key terms like health, public health, and healthcare systems. It then describes the main functions and objectives of public health, including health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment. The document outlines Pakistan's three-tiered public and private healthcare system consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care. It also discusses issues like inadequate funding, reliance on out-of-pocket payments, and an understaffed and underequipped public system. In conclusion, it presents statistics on Pakistan's health infrastructure and workforce.
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The presentation is about the study carried out in Assam in 2013 to assess the role of Rural Health Practitioners (RHPs) towards augmenting health care service delivery at health centers.
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The document provides an overview of India's health care delivery system, including its organizational framework at the national, state, district, and local levels. It describes the key components of primary health care in India such as primary health centers (PHCs), sub centers, and community health centers (CHCs). The document also outlines some of India's major health problems including communicable diseases, nutritional issues, and environmental sanitation challenges.
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This document discusses increasing youth employability by focusing on three main types of employability skills: basic academic skills like reading and writing; higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving and decision making; and personal qualities including self-confidence, social skills, and a good work attitude. It notes that the real challenge for employers is finding workers with these job readiness skills and recommends teaching employability skills through involving parents, providing opportunities to observe workplaces, and designing classrooms to mimic real work settings.
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This document proposes solutions to improve primary education in India. It discusses four solutions: 1) A parallel primary education network run by volunteer youth, 2) Promoting the use of technology in schools, 3) Public-private partnerships to enhance schools, and 4) Enriching learning through hands-on methods. Each solution includes steps for implementation and discusses the potential impacts and challenges. The overall goal is to address issues like high dropout rates and low learning levels in Indian primary education.
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This document proposes a 3-tier skill development framework to address India's shortage of 1.2 crore jobs per year for the next decade. It involves (1) 6-month skill courses for unemployed graduates run through public-private partnerships, (2) mandatory career counseling and 100-day apprenticeships for secondary students, and (3) extended skill and apprenticeship programs for school dropouts aged 14+. This framework aims to provide industry-relevant skills while reducing costs through private sector involvement. It could help direct workers towards new job markets and improve productivity across the economy. Challenges include gaining political and institutional support, but the document argues these can be addressed through awareness campaigns and leveraging existing IT infrastructure.
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The document proposes a new model to address India's high rates of malnutrition among children. It identifies several key factors contributing to malnutrition, including poor nutrition of mothers, lack of information and education, and poverty. The proposed multi-pronged solution focuses on improving anganwadi centers and ICDS programs, promoting biofortified crops, reforming PDS to reduce leakage, and increasing women's empowerment. It aims to provide a more holistic, sustainable, and cost-effective approach to fighting malnutrition across India.
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The document discusses the issue of youth unemployment in India and provides recommendations to improve employability. It notes that youth unemployment is one of India's largest challenges and that awareness has increased around this issue. Several statistics on unemployment rates in India are presented. The document advocates for initiatives and policies that develop skills, encourage hands-on learning, and link education to employment opportunities to help boost youth employability and reduce unemployment.
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The document discusses India's Public Distribution System (PDS), which aims to provide essential commodities like food grains, sugar, and kerosene to vulnerable groups at subsidized prices. It outlines the objectives and flow of PDS from farmers to fair price shops. Key points covered include the targeted beneficiaries and their entitlements under PDS, the challenges of leakage and exclusion of poor families, and efforts to monitor movement of supplies from depots to shops.
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The document proposes solutions to increase transparency in India's Public Distribution System (PDS). It outlines problems like corruption and diversion of goods from PDS outlets. The team's proposed solutions include implementing an ERP system to integrate PDS departments, using mobile updates to track goods delivery, and introducing smart cards with Aadhaar details for citizens to purchase rations. This would allow transparent monitoring of distribution and prevent illegal sale of goods. The team aims to build on these ideas to improve the system and create a more open and reliable PDS for people across India.
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Primary education in India faces several challenges, including low enrollment and attendance rates, high dropout rates before 5th grade, and poor quality of education especially in rural areas and for girls. The government has implemented various programs to address these issues, such as the District Primary Education Program, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and Operation Blackboard. New initiatives like the Right to Education Act aim to increase access to private schools for underprivileged children. However, improving teacher training and classroom practices will be needed to truly enhance educational quality and outcomes for Indian children.
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The document discusses strategies to improve access to justice in India. At the grassroots level, it proposes creating legal awareness programs, conducting legal aid camps, and establishing legal aid cells run by trained paralegal volunteers. It also aims to strengthen the education system. At the administrative level, the document seeks to reduce case backlogs, appoint more judges, establish additional courts, and implement e-courts and information technology systems. Ensuring timely justice for all citizens across India requires empowering people at the grassroots level through legal awareness as well as positive changes to the administrative system such as reducing delays in the courts.
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Rural India faces significant challenges in providing safe drinking water and sanitation to its large population. Despite significant investments, many rural Indians still lack access to these basic services. Open defecation and waterborne diseases remain widespread problems, negatively impacting public health, education, and economic productivity. Effective solutions will require a multipronged approach including education, community participation, improved infrastructure, and strategies that address the unique needs of both rural and urban areas.
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This document proposes changes to the system in India to empower women and ensure their safety and equality. It identifies issues such as jurisdiction problems, lack of evidence, and fear of lodging complaints that prevent crimes against women from being properly addressed. It recommends establishing a women's crime cell to anonymously register complaints, hiring more women in law enforcement, providing self-defense training, educating rural women on their rights, and implementing stricter laws around crimes targeting women. The proposals aim to improve women's mobility, access to resources, decision-making power, and security overall.
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This document describes a project called "Sahas: Ek Prayas" aimed at ensuring women's safety and empowerment. The team is from B.P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology and includes 5 members. The document notes alarming statistics about crimes against women in India such as rapes, dowry deaths, and human trafficking. It states the project's priorities are to educate, empower, and employ women. The proposed solution has two levels: Atma-Suraksha focuses on self-help through distributing self-defense kits and training, while Sarvasva Suraksha aims to improve safety at the community level through vocational training and educational technology.
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The document outlines a 5-step plan by a team to improve research and innovation (REIN) in education. The team aims to include REIN as a subject, make projects mandatory, filter the top projects, and hold a REIN festival to showcase projects. The goal is to address issues like poor education quality, lack of funds, and brain drain by promoting research and innovation from the school to national level.
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The document discusses malnutrition in India and proposes strategies to address it. It notes that India has high levels of malnutrition, with over 40% of the world's underweight children under 5 living in India. It analyzes the current situation, noting that India lacks a comprehensive national program to eradicate malnutrition. The root causes of malnutrition are intergenerational and interconnected, stemming from poverty, lack of women's empowerment, insufficient access to nutritious food and healthcare. It proposes specific nutrition interventions and monitoring strategies to combat malnutrition through a multi-sectoral approach.
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The document discusses a program initiated by students from the College of Engineering, Pune to enhance the quality of primary education. As part of the program, the students visited areas with low education facilities and identified problems like lack of proper infrastructure, dull teaching methods, and economic barriers. Their objectives are to provide quality education, overall student development, and create awareness about education quality. Some of their proposed solutions include improving teacher training, making learning more interactive, focusing on students' health and extracurricular activities, and using community outreach and media to promote awareness.
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
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KiNongjop
- 1. Aarogyadoot – A Revolutionary Way to Provide Primary Healthcare Anupam Das Himanshu Singh Jeremy Simon Nongrum Rutwik Dilip Phatak Sayar Banerji Team “Ki Nongjop” – IIM Shillong
- 2. What is the Problem? There are only 2subcenters available for every 17villages in the country 75%of the health infrastructure in India is concentrated in urban areas Rural India faces a shortage of more than 9,814health centers; 12,300 specialist doctors and 3,880doctors in the rural healthcare system Largely insufficient, unevenly distributed and poor quality infrastructure leading to high percentage of ailing people and deaths, especially in rural areas is the problem. Many of these diseases could be cured very easily with primary healthcare “ ” “ ” ”“ Problem Statement
- 3. Healthcare – Current Scenario India Total no of villages : 593643 PHC+CHC+ Subcenters : 176759 Beds/1000 : 0.992 PHCs/lac : 2.905 Docs/10000 : 1.851 Himachal Pradesh Population : 68,64,602 PHCs/lac : 6.599 Hospitals : 150 Beds/1000 : 1.235 Doctors : 4919 Nurses : 20050 Mizoram Kerela Jharkhand Population : 19,98,12,341 PHCs/lac : 1.0003 Hospitals : 861 Beds/1000 : 0.28 Doctors : 10164 Nurses : 54627 Bihar Uttar Pradesh Communicable Diseases cause most number of deaths in absolute terms Non-communicable diseases, although affecting less number of people, consume more resources to cure 4.75 24.13 13.17 25.442 17.49 MPW (F) MPW (M) HEALTH ASSISTANTS (F) HEALTH ASSISTANTS (M) DOCTORS AT PHC Vacancy Position – Percentage of Sanctioned Post Vacant Percentage
- 4. A Light in the Dark – Aarogyadoot Vans called Aarogyadoots will travel from a PHC (the hub) to a cluster of villages (spokes) around the hub on a pre- defined route += The vans will touch each village once every fortnight and come back to the PHC for replenishment of supplies including medical supplies The vans will be essentially moving clinics Healthcare awareness (such as hygienic habits, etc) will be spread to prevent diseases PHC Village+ Doctor Junior Doctor Driver
- 5. Implementation Implementation to happen in 5 phases over a period of 10 years 1 1 2 2 4 Years Years Years Year Year Pilot in Chhattisgarh – Bad Health conditions as measured by standard metrics – Healthcare scenario is also bad – Relatively manageable size as opposed to other critical states such as Uttar Pradesh The order of other phases was decided by the criticality of the health and healthcare scenario in the various states
- 6. Financials Pilot Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV States to be covered Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal, Orissa, Assam Uttaranchal, Haryana, Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Meghalaya, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir Sikkim, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa, Lakshadweep, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman & Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli No. of Villages 19744 127296 255130 114082 77391 No. of years 1 2 4 2 1 No. of ambulances reqd. 988 6365 12757 5705 3870 Fixed Cost ₹ 2964,00,000 ₹ 19095,00,000 ₹ 38271,00,000 ₹ 17115,00,000 ₹ 11610,00,000 Running cost ₹ 1695,40,800 ₹ 19775,18,400 ₹ 105199,38,000 ₹ 83704,76,400 ₹ 50941,17,600 Total Cost ₹ 4659,40,800 ₹ 38870,18,400 ₹ 143470,38,000 ₹ 100819,76,400 ₹ 62551,17,600 Vehicle Operating Cost COST HEAD COST VALUE Human Resource (Driver) ₹ 1,00,000 Diesel ₹ 21,600 Medicine -------- Maintenance ₹ 50,000 Total Running Cost ₹ 1,71,600 Fixed Cost (Cost of Purchase) ₹ 3,00,000 Phase-wise Implementation Cost
- 7. Organizational Structure & Sources of Funds National Program Director Cluster Director State Secretary District Medical Officer Aarogya-Sevaks Cost Per Village Per Year Govt. Funding Funding Through Fees Fixed Cost Variable Cost Sources of Funds Fees Per Person Per VisitAvg. Govt. Spending/ Year Organization Hierarchy
- 8. Thank You
- 9. Appendix A – Village Data
- 10. Appendix B – Financials