This document provides an evaluation of poverty alleviation programs in Talata Mafara Local Government, Nigeria. It discusses the concepts and causes of poverty in Nigeria. Several poverty alleviation programs implemented by the Nigerian government and donor agencies are described, including Operation Feed the Nation, the Agriculture Development Program, and programs run by the UNDP, DFID, and World Bank. The document outlines the objectives and research methodology, which included distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data collection aimed to assess the reach and impact of poverty alleviation programs on target groups, and whether they have been effective in reducing poverty levels in rural and urban areas.
Poverty and it's Alleviation: Lessons for Nigeriaijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on poverty and efforts to alleviate it in Nigeria. Some key points:
- Poverty in Nigeria has persisted despite various government development plans and programs since 1960.
- Poverty levels rose between 1980-1996 according to government statistics, with over 70% of Nigerians living in poverty.
- Poverty is most severe in rural areas and northern regions of the country.
- Income inequality and corruption have contributed significantly to poverty.
- The document examines successful poverty reduction in other countries like Malaysia, China, and South Korea to identify lessons for Nigeria.
The document summarizes key points from a World Bank policy research report on the twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity. It finds that business as usual will not achieve ending poverty, and growth alone must be inclusive to benefit the poorest 40% in each country. It also notes challenges like climate change that could hamper progress, and limitations in measurement due to data availability and quality.
Awaz Foundation Centre for Development Services, Pakistan - Post 2015 Scotlan...NIDOS
The document summarizes Pakistan's progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It finds that Pakistan has made slow or no progress on most targets. Only MDG-6 around HIV/AIDS is on track, while MDG-2 on education and MDG-3 on gender equality have seen slow progress. MDG-1 on poverty, MDG-4 on child mortality, MDG-5 on maternal health, and MDG-7 on environmental sustainability are far behind targets. Pakistan also faces many challenges including a lack of reliable data, natural disasters, economic crises, and low prioritization of MDG spending. Consultations across Pakistan found that priorities for future development goals should include peace,
Even It Up - Time to End Extreme Inequality: Comments by Dean JolliffeWB_Research
Comments prepared for launch event of “Even it Up: Time to End Extreme Poverty”
IMF, October 31, 2014.
The views represented in these comments are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank.
Extreme poverty remains a challenge in Bangladesh despite reductions in overall poverty. The extreme poor have eroded assets, malnutrition, health issues, and exclusion from services. Standard poverty reduction strategies do not work for them due to assumptions about capacity and opportunities that do not apply. A new approach is needed that combines subsistence support, safety nets, health care, education to break intergenerational poverty cycles. Social protection including unconditional transfers is imperative for the most vulnerable. A pro-poor political settlement is needed to fund prevention, protection and promotion through expanded taxation.
Critical Review of Poverty Reduction Programme in Nigeria: Evidence from Sout...iosrjce
This study is aimed at determining the impact of government poverty alleviation programmes in the
south east zone of Nigeria, taking into consideration that poverty profile in Nigeria displays zonal differences,
which of course is a reflection of the different agro-climatic conditions, economic zones and natural resource
endowments. Despite the huge funds earmarked by Government for the various poverty alleviation
programmes in the zone, poverty still abounds. The study employed primary data which was collected using
questionnaire of the alternative response form. The researcher employed chi-square statistic to analyze data
generated in the survey. The study revealed that poverty alleviation programmes of government have no
significant impact in the south east zone.Hence, the study concludes among others that, the government poverty
alleviation programmesdid not have significant impact on the poverty needs of the south-east zone. The study
recommended among others thatsustainable poverty reduction strategy should not focus narrowly on social
welfare measures, rather assets redistribution and creation of incentive structures that can enhance the rate
and pattern of economic growth should be seen as essential component.
An assesesment of the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction amo...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction among women in Ghana. It discusses how microfinance institutions and NGOs in Ghana provide financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to help poor households start small businesses to improve their incomes and escape poverty. The study found that access to microfinance had a positive and significant impact on household income. It concluded that microfinance plays an important role in improving household incomes and remains a key part of development strategies by providing affordable financial services to rural populations. However, more innovative microfinance schemes are still needed that better support asset accumulation and wealth creation for clients.
The document outlines the objectives and topics to be covered in a family planning session. Participants will learn to define family planning terms, describe how it relates to the MDGs, the evolution of interventions from 1947 to present, and vital health trends. The roles of various organizations in implementation will be discussed, as will unmet needs and shortcomings in Pakistan. Recommendations for health reforms will also be presented. One key paper on family planning in Pakistan will be illustrated.
Poverty and it's Alleviation: Lessons for Nigeriaijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on poverty and efforts to alleviate it in Nigeria. Some key points:
- Poverty in Nigeria has persisted despite various government development plans and programs since 1960.
- Poverty levels rose between 1980-1996 according to government statistics, with over 70% of Nigerians living in poverty.
- Poverty is most severe in rural areas and northern regions of the country.
- Income inequality and corruption have contributed significantly to poverty.
- The document examines successful poverty reduction in other countries like Malaysia, China, and South Korea to identify lessons for Nigeria.
The document summarizes key points from a World Bank policy research report on the twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity. It finds that business as usual will not achieve ending poverty, and growth alone must be inclusive to benefit the poorest 40% in each country. It also notes challenges like climate change that could hamper progress, and limitations in measurement due to data availability and quality.
Awaz Foundation Centre for Development Services, Pakistan - Post 2015 Scotlan...NIDOS
The document summarizes Pakistan's progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It finds that Pakistan has made slow or no progress on most targets. Only MDG-6 around HIV/AIDS is on track, while MDG-2 on education and MDG-3 on gender equality have seen slow progress. MDG-1 on poverty, MDG-4 on child mortality, MDG-5 on maternal health, and MDG-7 on environmental sustainability are far behind targets. Pakistan also faces many challenges including a lack of reliable data, natural disasters, economic crises, and low prioritization of MDG spending. Consultations across Pakistan found that priorities for future development goals should include peace,
Even It Up - Time to End Extreme Inequality: Comments by Dean JolliffeWB_Research
Comments prepared for launch event of “Even it Up: Time to End Extreme Poverty”
IMF, October 31, 2014.
The views represented in these comments are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank.
Extreme poverty remains a challenge in Bangladesh despite reductions in overall poverty. The extreme poor have eroded assets, malnutrition, health issues, and exclusion from services. Standard poverty reduction strategies do not work for them due to assumptions about capacity and opportunities that do not apply. A new approach is needed that combines subsistence support, safety nets, health care, education to break intergenerational poverty cycles. Social protection including unconditional transfers is imperative for the most vulnerable. A pro-poor political settlement is needed to fund prevention, protection and promotion through expanded taxation.
Critical Review of Poverty Reduction Programme in Nigeria: Evidence from Sout...iosrjce
This study is aimed at determining the impact of government poverty alleviation programmes in the
south east zone of Nigeria, taking into consideration that poverty profile in Nigeria displays zonal differences,
which of course is a reflection of the different agro-climatic conditions, economic zones and natural resource
endowments. Despite the huge funds earmarked by Government for the various poverty alleviation
programmes in the zone, poverty still abounds. The study employed primary data which was collected using
questionnaire of the alternative response form. The researcher employed chi-square statistic to analyze data
generated in the survey. The study revealed that poverty alleviation programmes of government have no
significant impact in the south east zone.Hence, the study concludes among others that, the government poverty
alleviation programmesdid not have significant impact on the poverty needs of the south-east zone. The study
recommended among others thatsustainable poverty reduction strategy should not focus narrowly on social
welfare measures, rather assets redistribution and creation of incentive structures that can enhance the rate
and pattern of economic growth should be seen as essential component.
An assesesment of the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction amo...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction among women in Ghana. It discusses how microfinance institutions and NGOs in Ghana provide financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to help poor households start small businesses to improve their incomes and escape poverty. The study found that access to microfinance had a positive and significant impact on household income. It concluded that microfinance plays an important role in improving household incomes and remains a key part of development strategies by providing affordable financial services to rural populations. However, more innovative microfinance schemes are still needed that better support asset accumulation and wealth creation for clients.
The document outlines the objectives and topics to be covered in a family planning session. Participants will learn to define family planning terms, describe how it relates to the MDGs, the evolution of interventions from 1947 to present, and vital health trends. The roles of various organizations in implementation will be discussed, as will unmet needs and shortcomings in Pakistan. Recommendations for health reforms will also be presented. One key paper on family planning in Pakistan will be illustrated.
Poverty has been assigned as the number one problem for development of Bangladesh.
Though the country is making significant progress in the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather slow. This is mainly because of its high population size of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of 1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq. km.
Every year, about 2 million population are adding to its population size. Country’s resources are struggling to support such increasing population.
Bhutan has adopted a development philosophy called Gross National Happiness that values non-economic well-being equally with economic factors. The GNH is measured using a GNH Index that assesses nine domains including sustainable development, environmental conservation, and good governance. While Bhutan's GNH has increased overall in recent years, some groups like women and rural residents reported less growth in happiness, indicating areas for Bhutan's sustainable development goals to target for more equal increases in national well-being.
Family planning challenges in pakistan and south asia dr malik khalid mehmoo...Malik Khalid Mehmood
The document summarizes the status of family planning in Pakistan. It notes that while Pakistan has had a national population program since 1965, population issues have not been a high priority. Contraceptive prevalence has stagnated in the last decade after sharp increases in the 1990s, and unmet need for family planning is rising. It recommends establishing a high-level body to oversee population issues, ensuring contraceptive availability, expanding public sector family planning services, and increasing private sector coordination. The private sector is increasingly providing family planning services but access remains limited, especially for rural and poor women.
Millennium development goals for 2015 in pakistanAyesha Zahid
The document discusses Pakistan's progress toward achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015. It analyzes progress separately for each of Pakistan's provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan), finding that Punjab is furthest along but Balochistan is severely off track on health and education goals. It also summarizes the work of two non-governmental organizations, the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund and the United Nations Development Program in Pakistan, to contribute to achieving the MDGs in areas like poverty reduction, education, health, and empowering women. It concludes by suggesting further awareness raising and identifying gaps for NGOs to address.
- Agriculture is central to Africa's economies, providing 30-40% of GDP and two-thirds of jobs. However, women comprise nearly half the agricultural workforce but have lower productivity than men due to unequal access to resources.
- Closing the gender gap in agriculture, such as by ensuring equal access to credit, training, and markets, could increase total agricultural output by 2.5-4% and lift 100-150 million people out of hunger.
- Country reports on Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique found that while gender policies exist, implementation is lacking, for example lack of women extension agents or consideration of women's time constraints. Recommendations focus on improving access to resources
This presentation discusses approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. It begins with definitions of poverty from the Bangladesh government and World Bank. It then outlines several major programs implemented by the Bangladesh government, NGOs, and international organizations to reduce poverty. The key government programs discussed are the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program, social safety net programs, and programs under the Millennium Development Goals. Major NGOs and international organizations that contribute to poverty alleviation efforts include BRAC, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, UK DFID, and UN agencies. The presentation concludes that Bangladesh has made progress in reducing poverty through coordinated efforts of its government, NGOs, and development partners to promote economic growth and target interventions for the poor
Pakistan has a long history of implementing family planning policies to address its high population growth rate. The earliest policy from the 1960s promoted contraceptive use, with IUDs becoming a main method. Religious opposition emerged in the late 1960s claiming family planning allowed free sex. Current policies aim to reduce fertility rates and increase contraceptive access. However, rural and isolated areas still have high unmet need, partly due to religious misinterpretations. Overall, Pakistan has struggled to effectively promote and deliver family planning services due to cultural and religious challenges.
Poverty alleviation approaches in BangladeshBorhan Uddin
This document discusses various approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh, including the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program, MDGs, targeted approaches, the Rural Development Academy, social safety net programs, and the contributions of NGOs. It defines poverty, describes the goals of PRSP and MDGs, and outlines major intervention areas such as ensuring rights, human development, microcredit, and gender-responsive planning. World organizations also aim to reduce poverty globally through programs focused on health, education, nutrition and child care.
Prospects and Problems of Non-Governmental Organizations in Poverty Alleviati...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The World Bank sponsored Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), launched in 1990 envisaged a world free of poverty by the year 2015. The North-East (where Gombe State is centrally located) is experiencing significantly higher poverty and lack of progress in poverty reduction efforts. With coming to end of 2015, much still need to be done to attain the MDGs. With over 62.6% Nigerian population still very poor, there is need for a continuous search for alternative planning & development options that would help ameliorate poverty and sustained our dream for a world free of poverty and wants. This study examines the prospects and investigates the constraints of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in poverty alleviation and community development. Literature review, questionnaire and interview methods were used for the study. The findings revealed that: finance, continuity of projects/programmes, conflicts and insecurity were the major problems confronting the NGOs. An interesting revelation is that majority of the respondents indicated that they wait for the NGOs or Government to initiate poverty alleviation programmes/projects. The implication is that the community dwellers need attitudinal change necessary for self reliance. The prospect of NGOs in poverty alleviation and community development in the study area is very bright due to rapid population growth & increasing poverty levels with the attendant positive effects on urban planning and regional development. The study recommends that NGOs should (1) form an association to enable them work together, and utilize social capital in their operation/services. (2) seek to explore avenues for funding from donor agencies. Finally, the Government needs to address some of its short comings.
South Africa has a population of over 53 million people with a growth rate of 1.34% annually. It has a high fertility rate of 2.4 children per woman and high rates of infant and maternal mortality. The country implemented an explicit population policy to address issues arising from its apartheid past and promote sustainable development. The current policy focuses on improving health, education, and women's empowerment to reduce fertility and mortality rates over time. It aims to integrate population factors into all government policies and implement coordinated programs to address national population concerns like poverty, disease burden, and reproductive health.
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL AREA
INDIA'S POPULATION DENSITY
WORKING AGE
SEX RATIO
LITERACY RATES
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES
HEALTH
ADOLESCENT POPULATION
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
The document discusses several key aspects of population studies in India:
(1) It describes how population is defined and why it is important to study characteristics like size, growth rates, density, and distribution. Nearly half of India's population lives in a few large states.
(2) The three main processes that influence population change/growth are birth rates, death rates, and migration within India from rural to urban areas.
(3) Census data from India provides information on population size, characteristics like age composition, literacy rates, and occupational structures over time. Health and nutrition of subgroups like adolescents are also examined.
This document discusses population growth in India and its impact on economic development. It provides background on Trinity Institute of Professional Studies and covers topics like population trends in India from 1901 to 2011, causes of high birth and low death rates, how population affects factors like food production and unemployment, key demographic data on life expectancy, density, and rural/urban distribution. It also summarizes India's national population policies from 1951 to 2000 that aimed to lower birth rates and encourage family planning through education and incentives.
A visão geral da demografia da África do Sul é o tema da apresentação exibida pelo Departamento de Desenvolvimento Social da República da África do Sul, no dia 20 de fevereiro, durante a reunião plenária que marcou o início das discussões do seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”. Detalhes em: www.sae.gov.br
This document summarizes Nuru's use of the Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT) to measure poverty in Kenya. It conducted a baseline MPAT survey in 15 villages in 2011, then followed up in 2013. While 7 of the 10 components measured improved, indicating lower poverty, the results cannot necessarily be attributed to Nuru's programs due to lack of a comparison group. The MPAT provides a complementary measure to traditional monitoring and evaluation but not a replacement. Lessons included the importance of a comparison group for attribution of changes to an intervention.
Using two survey rounds from IFPRI's Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS), IFPRI researchers from the Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program (PRSSP) analyze poverty dynamics between 2011/12 and 2015, as well as offer policy considerations.
This presentation discusses the incidence of poverty in Bangladesh. It begins with defining poverty and outlining the contents to be covered. It then discusses the previous and present conditions of poverty in Bangladesh, showing that poverty rates have decreased from 31.5% to 24.3% in recent years according to government surveys. Causes of poverty discussed include overpopulation, lack of education, unemployment, and natural disasters. Solutions proposed to alleviate poverty include formulating national poverty reduction plans, population control, job creation, and increasing agricultural production through technology.
An assessment of national poverty eradication programme on wealth creation in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of Nigeria's National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) on wealth creation in Benue State. The study found that NAPEP's strategies have not significantly improved beneficiaries' lives. While some received skills training, few received follow-up loans or credits to start businesses. As a result, most beneficiaries reported that NAPEP had no real impact in reducing their poverty. The study concludes that poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria have generally failed due to problems like corruption, poor funding, weak monitoring and lack of stakeholder involvement in policymaking.
Inequality refers to the unequal or unjust distribution of resources and opportunities within a society. There are several types of inequality, including differences in income, opportunities, assets, gender, and wealth. Income inequality can be vertical between rich and poor or horizontal among people with similar backgrounds. Inequality in opportunities is influenced by access to education, jobs, housing and discrimination. Inequality in assets includes differences in ownership of property, infrastructure, capital and human assets both for individuals and countries. Gender inequality is evidenced by women being paid less and underrepresented in positions of power. Wealth inequality considers differences in accumulated stocks rather than income flows and can be perpetuated through inherited wealth.
Poverty has been assigned as the number one problem for development of Bangladesh.
Though the country is making significant progress in the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather slow. This is mainly because of its high population size of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of 1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq. km.
Every year, about 2 million population are adding to its population size. Country’s resources are struggling to support such increasing population.
Bhutan has adopted a development philosophy called Gross National Happiness that values non-economic well-being equally with economic factors. The GNH is measured using a GNH Index that assesses nine domains including sustainable development, environmental conservation, and good governance. While Bhutan's GNH has increased overall in recent years, some groups like women and rural residents reported less growth in happiness, indicating areas for Bhutan's sustainable development goals to target for more equal increases in national well-being.
Family planning challenges in pakistan and south asia dr malik khalid mehmoo...Malik Khalid Mehmood
The document summarizes the status of family planning in Pakistan. It notes that while Pakistan has had a national population program since 1965, population issues have not been a high priority. Contraceptive prevalence has stagnated in the last decade after sharp increases in the 1990s, and unmet need for family planning is rising. It recommends establishing a high-level body to oversee population issues, ensuring contraceptive availability, expanding public sector family planning services, and increasing private sector coordination. The private sector is increasingly providing family planning services but access remains limited, especially for rural and poor women.
Millennium development goals for 2015 in pakistanAyesha Zahid
The document discusses Pakistan's progress toward achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015. It analyzes progress separately for each of Pakistan's provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan), finding that Punjab is furthest along but Balochistan is severely off track on health and education goals. It also summarizes the work of two non-governmental organizations, the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund and the United Nations Development Program in Pakistan, to contribute to achieving the MDGs in areas like poverty reduction, education, health, and empowering women. It concludes by suggesting further awareness raising and identifying gaps for NGOs to address.
- Agriculture is central to Africa's economies, providing 30-40% of GDP and two-thirds of jobs. However, women comprise nearly half the agricultural workforce but have lower productivity than men due to unequal access to resources.
- Closing the gender gap in agriculture, such as by ensuring equal access to credit, training, and markets, could increase total agricultural output by 2.5-4% and lift 100-150 million people out of hunger.
- Country reports on Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique found that while gender policies exist, implementation is lacking, for example lack of women extension agents or consideration of women's time constraints. Recommendations focus on improving access to resources
This presentation discusses approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. It begins with definitions of poverty from the Bangladesh government and World Bank. It then outlines several major programs implemented by the Bangladesh government, NGOs, and international organizations to reduce poverty. The key government programs discussed are the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program, social safety net programs, and programs under the Millennium Development Goals. Major NGOs and international organizations that contribute to poverty alleviation efforts include BRAC, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, UK DFID, and UN agencies. The presentation concludes that Bangladesh has made progress in reducing poverty through coordinated efforts of its government, NGOs, and development partners to promote economic growth and target interventions for the poor
Pakistan has a long history of implementing family planning policies to address its high population growth rate. The earliest policy from the 1960s promoted contraceptive use, with IUDs becoming a main method. Religious opposition emerged in the late 1960s claiming family planning allowed free sex. Current policies aim to reduce fertility rates and increase contraceptive access. However, rural and isolated areas still have high unmet need, partly due to religious misinterpretations. Overall, Pakistan has struggled to effectively promote and deliver family planning services due to cultural and religious challenges.
Poverty alleviation approaches in BangladeshBorhan Uddin
This document discusses various approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh, including the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program, MDGs, targeted approaches, the Rural Development Academy, social safety net programs, and the contributions of NGOs. It defines poverty, describes the goals of PRSP and MDGs, and outlines major intervention areas such as ensuring rights, human development, microcredit, and gender-responsive planning. World organizations also aim to reduce poverty globally through programs focused on health, education, nutrition and child care.
Prospects and Problems of Non-Governmental Organizations in Poverty Alleviati...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The World Bank sponsored Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), launched in 1990 envisaged a world free of poverty by the year 2015. The North-East (where Gombe State is centrally located) is experiencing significantly higher poverty and lack of progress in poverty reduction efforts. With coming to end of 2015, much still need to be done to attain the MDGs. With over 62.6% Nigerian population still very poor, there is need for a continuous search for alternative planning & development options that would help ameliorate poverty and sustained our dream for a world free of poverty and wants. This study examines the prospects and investigates the constraints of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in poverty alleviation and community development. Literature review, questionnaire and interview methods were used for the study. The findings revealed that: finance, continuity of projects/programmes, conflicts and insecurity were the major problems confronting the NGOs. An interesting revelation is that majority of the respondents indicated that they wait for the NGOs or Government to initiate poverty alleviation programmes/projects. The implication is that the community dwellers need attitudinal change necessary for self reliance. The prospect of NGOs in poverty alleviation and community development in the study area is very bright due to rapid population growth & increasing poverty levels with the attendant positive effects on urban planning and regional development. The study recommends that NGOs should (1) form an association to enable them work together, and utilize social capital in their operation/services. (2) seek to explore avenues for funding from donor agencies. Finally, the Government needs to address some of its short comings.
South Africa has a population of over 53 million people with a growth rate of 1.34% annually. It has a high fertility rate of 2.4 children per woman and high rates of infant and maternal mortality. The country implemented an explicit population policy to address issues arising from its apartheid past and promote sustainable development. The current policy focuses on improving health, education, and women's empowerment to reduce fertility and mortality rates over time. It aims to integrate population factors into all government policies and implement coordinated programs to address national population concerns like poverty, disease burden, and reproductive health.
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL AREA
INDIA'S POPULATION DENSITY
WORKING AGE
SEX RATIO
LITERACY RATES
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES
HEALTH
ADOLESCENT POPULATION
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
The document discusses several key aspects of population studies in India:
(1) It describes how population is defined and why it is important to study characteristics like size, growth rates, density, and distribution. Nearly half of India's population lives in a few large states.
(2) The three main processes that influence population change/growth are birth rates, death rates, and migration within India from rural to urban areas.
(3) Census data from India provides information on population size, characteristics like age composition, literacy rates, and occupational structures over time. Health and nutrition of subgroups like adolescents are also examined.
This document discusses population growth in India and its impact on economic development. It provides background on Trinity Institute of Professional Studies and covers topics like population trends in India from 1901 to 2011, causes of high birth and low death rates, how population affects factors like food production and unemployment, key demographic data on life expectancy, density, and rural/urban distribution. It also summarizes India's national population policies from 1951 to 2000 that aimed to lower birth rates and encourage family planning through education and incentives.
A visão geral da demografia da África do Sul é o tema da apresentação exibida pelo Departamento de Desenvolvimento Social da República da África do Sul, no dia 20 de fevereiro, durante a reunião plenária que marcou o início das discussões do seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”. Detalhes em: www.sae.gov.br
This document summarizes Nuru's use of the Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT) to measure poverty in Kenya. It conducted a baseline MPAT survey in 15 villages in 2011, then followed up in 2013. While 7 of the 10 components measured improved, indicating lower poverty, the results cannot necessarily be attributed to Nuru's programs due to lack of a comparison group. The MPAT provides a complementary measure to traditional monitoring and evaluation but not a replacement. Lessons included the importance of a comparison group for attribution of changes to an intervention.
Using two survey rounds from IFPRI's Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS), IFPRI researchers from the Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program (PRSSP) analyze poverty dynamics between 2011/12 and 2015, as well as offer policy considerations.
This presentation discusses the incidence of poverty in Bangladesh. It begins with defining poverty and outlining the contents to be covered. It then discusses the previous and present conditions of poverty in Bangladesh, showing that poverty rates have decreased from 31.5% to 24.3% in recent years according to government surveys. Causes of poverty discussed include overpopulation, lack of education, unemployment, and natural disasters. Solutions proposed to alleviate poverty include formulating national poverty reduction plans, population control, job creation, and increasing agricultural production through technology.
An assessment of national poverty eradication programme on wealth creation in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of Nigeria's National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) on wealth creation in Benue State. The study found that NAPEP's strategies have not significantly improved beneficiaries' lives. While some received skills training, few received follow-up loans or credits to start businesses. As a result, most beneficiaries reported that NAPEP had no real impact in reducing their poverty. The study concludes that poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria have generally failed due to problems like corruption, poor funding, weak monitoring and lack of stakeholder involvement in policymaking.
Inequality refers to the unequal or unjust distribution of resources and opportunities within a society. There are several types of inequality, including differences in income, opportunities, assets, gender, and wealth. Income inequality can be vertical between rich and poor or horizontal among people with similar backgrounds. Inequality in opportunities is influenced by access to education, jobs, housing and discrimination. Inequality in assets includes differences in ownership of property, infrastructure, capital and human assets both for individuals and countries. Gender inequality is evidenced by women being paid less and underrepresented in positions of power. Wealth inequality considers differences in accumulated stocks rather than income flows and can be perpetuated through inherited wealth.
This document summarizes a presentation on poverty in India. It discusses how poverty is estimated, including that the NITI Aayog task force calculates poverty lines based on data from the National Sample Survey Office. It also notes that poverty lines are based on consumption expenditures rather than income. The document outlines how different committees have estimated poverty over time, with the most recent Rangarajan committee setting rural and urban monthly per capita expenditure levels of 972 Rs and 1407 Rs respectively. While India has significantly reduced its poverty rate from 55% to 28% over 10 years, multidimensional poverty remains a challenge requiring more comprehensive solutions.
Millennium development goals and poverty in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the relationship between Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty in Nigeria using various statistical analyses. Correlation analysis shows that literacy rate has a positive association with poverty index and per capita income, but a negative association with infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate has a strong negative association with per capita income and trade openness. Regression analysis indicates that per capita income and infant mortality rate have a negative effect on poverty incidence, while literacy rate has a positive effect. The analyses show that MDG indicators have a significant effect on poverty in Nigeria. It is recommended that each dimension of poverty in Nigeria be addressed to allow for overall growth and development.
A new initiative in 1969 aimed to improve economic conditions and reduce income disparities in rural areas through several programmes. However, these programmes had limitations like being restricted to small areas, benefiting the same target groups, and unsatisfactory administration. As a result, the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was introduced in 1978 to provide a more ambitious programme to deal with rural poverty across India. The IRDP aimed to help poor families raise themselves out of poverty and create additional employment opportunities in rural areas through viable projects partially subsidized by banks. However, the IRDP also faced issues like misidentification of beneficiaries and lack of infrastructure and credit support.
A new initiative in 1969 aimed to improve economic conditions and reduce income disparities in rural areas through several programmes. However, these programmes had limitations like being restricted to small areas, benefiting the same target groups, and unsatisfactory administration. As a result, the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was introduced in 1978 to provide a more ambitious programme to deal with rural poverty across India. The IRDP aimed to help poor families raise themselves out of poverty and create additional employment opportunities in rural areas through viable projects partially subsidized by banks. However, the IRDP also faced issues like misidentification of beneficiaries and lack of infrastructure and credit support.
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Khaltumi mustapha
1. AN EVALUATION OF THE CONCEPTS, IMPLEMENTATION
AND IMPACTOF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAAMES
IN TALATA MAFARA LOCAL GOVERNMENT
BY
KHALTUMI SG MUSTAPHA
ABDU GUSUA POLYTECHNIC TALATA
MAFARA ,ZAMFARA STATE
NIGERIA
2. INTRIDUCTION
• Poverty is blessed with a rich, vocabulary in all culture and thought out
history. Nigeria has one of the world highest economic rates, averaging
7.4% (World Bank 2014). Poverty still remains significant at 33.1% in
African biggest economy. The level of poverty has increased in Nigeria
since the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP)
in 1980s UNDP Nigeria 1998,FOS 1999, and world bank 1999.Data from
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Poverty profile in Nigeria (2010)
shows that the incidence of poverty increased from 27.2% in 1980 to
46.3% in 1985 but declined to 42.7% in 1992 and rose again to 65.7%in
1996 and declined to 54.4% in 2004 but rose to 67.1% in 2012 (see table 1
). Poverty is projected to have fallen moderately to 46.8% by 2015 .the
Human Development Index (HDI)of 0.423 rank the country the country
142 out 169 countries in 2010 with estimated GNI per capita of $2156.For
the period 1980 to 2012, the population of poor of poor Nigeria increased
fourfold in absolute terms
3. .1 Causes of Poverty in Nigeria
• Unemployment: it’s a factor. The living cost row higher while the standards of life go down. There may be
various cause of unemployment in Nigeria. The most common one is the lack of education. However, even the
educated people often cannot find a job. The unemployment rate for the country has reached 4.9% in 2007 and
7.5% in 2015 and Zamfara state being the worst in terms of unemployment.
• Corruption: the term denotes an abuse of power for the private purpose. And it happens very often in Nigeria.
Thus the political system has been destabilized. The country in-come, which is taken mostly from natural
resource revenues, is then distributed among the political office holder and their families. All the rest are left in
poverty. It’s a common case , when political leaders just ignore the necessities and well-being of those ,those
who have voted for them
• Inequality: the income’s inequality among people from rural and urban areas is high in Nigeria most of the
Nigeria populace their income cannot take the home. Those who live in rural areas have the money only from
agriculture, which is not a thriving sector today. Besides ,they cannot invest their money as many people from
the cities do
• Absence of the economy diversification: The country used to be based on the agriculture sector. However the
oil sector rose to 97% by 1984, since that time it becomes the major one (it has never fallen below 90%). Any
other income source been ignored by the authorities, which has made Nigeria very dependable on oil export.
Thus great amount of people has got impoverished, as their products have become irrelevant. Moreover, Nigeria
oil revenue reduced after the world oil price crash in 2014 and this made the external debt increased.
• Political instability: Social and political program are not capable of fighting domestic and international unrest.
Investment are being withdrawn .job insecure, the citizen fed economic precipice
• Laziness: Even if people want to live better, many of them are not ready to work for it. It is often happens that
the family budget is supported by one member who works really hard. And when the y die or become very ill
the family become poor
• Under –utilization of labor resources: Plenty of the poor farmers are not capable of farming on a scale that will
match their labor resources. Besides, there is storage of working capital. It limit the productiveness of farming in
general
• Education system: education is necessary for development, many of the poor one are uneducated. Many N
4. Review of 2009/2010 absolute poverty rates across
Nigeria
• 1. Absolute poverty approach
• 2. Relative poverty approach
• 3. Dollar per day
• In presenting absolute poverty measures, the cost of the basic needs approach to measuring poverty is used with three key steps
• Food basic minimum need required to satisfy daily needs. This calories threshold is set at 3000 calories per person per day
• Non food needs
• Aggregation of food and non to derive the absolute poor line
• Absolute poverty is preferred internally because it is the easier to compare poverty rate across countries.
• Relative poverty measurement on the other hand is based household expenditures. Per capita expenditure that are less than two –third of the
poverty are considered to be poor. While those above are non poor. Relative measure has been the NBS official poverty measures, so we can compare
Nigeria poverty rate with other country.
• Finally Dollar per day set poverty at $2 a day or less and extreme poverty at #1.25.
• Absolute poverty measurement can be measurement can be calculated using two approaches
• Per capita approach
• Adult equivalent approach
• The per capita approach assigns 3000 calories to every Nigeria as minimum daily calories requirement. Adult equivalent approach takes several
factors such as sex, ages, pregnancy into consideration when calculating for an individual’s daily calories requirements. Adult equivalent poverty
numbers therefore will always be much lower than per capita poverty numbers. He NBS currently reports poverty using the per capita approach.
5. Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Nigeria
• Operation Feed the Nation (OPN)
• The Agriculture Development Programmes (ADP)
• Land Reform Measures (land and use Decree)
• The Directorate of Foods, Roads and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI)
• The National Agricultural and Land Development Authority (NALDA)
• Better Life Programme (BLP)
• National Directorate of Employment (NDE)
6. Zamfara State Poverty Alleviation Scheme
. Zamfara State integrated Development Program (ZASIDEP)
• ZAMFARA Comprehensive Agricultural Revolution Program (ZACAREP)
• Poverty Alleviation and Youth Employment Program( PAYEP )
7. Donors Agency’s Collaboration with Nigeria Government
to Alleviate Poverty
• United National Development Program (UNDP)
• Department for International Development (DFID)
• United State Agency International Development (USAID)
• International Fund For Agriculture Development (IFAD)
• United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO)
• the World Bank (WB)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
8. Poverty Alleviation Program Implementation
• A multi- agency implementation structure with coordination, monitoring
and evaluation organs was introduced in order to ensure cost effective
delivery target with optimal social benefit. In Nigeria, many poverty
alleviation programs have being implemented. But the questions that rise
from the implementation of this program are
• Is the poverty alleviation program in Talata Mafara local government
actually reached the target group?
• Is poverty alleviated?
• Has poverty alleviation program bath rural and urban credit schemes
reduced poverty.
• Has poverty alleviation program especially better life rural women better
their life or the family support program supported the family
• What influence does the donor agencies and have on poverty alleviation
program that are being implemented in the country Nigeria.
9. OBJECTIVES
• To examine the concept of poverty alleviation as to know the extent
to which Nigeria understand it.
• To identify the implementation of poverty alleviation in relation with
the target group
• To identified the poverty alleviation program applied by Nigeria
government to reduce poverty in the country
• To identify and evaluate poverty alleviation program being
implemented by donor agencies and to what extend is their adequacy
among the Nigeria populace.
• To appraise the impact of the poverty alleviation program Nigeria
government implement and their effect on the citizen
10. Research Design
• For the purpose of the research the researcher sourced data by using
both the primary source and secondary source of data collection. The
primary data was sourced through the use of questionnaire and
interview or group discussion with some respondent more especially
those who can either read or write.200 (two hundred) questionnaire
were distributed in Talata Mafara local government area of Zamfara
state some face to face interview was administered with some official
of the state and local government. Two method of questionnaire
were applied, that is open ended and also the close end
questionnaire. The secondary data involve the use of existing
literature such text book, journal, government publication,
magazines, internet, newspapers. These materials are useful and
helpful as well as cost and time saving. The research techniques and
sampling method used are research instructments and sampling
procedure.
11. Research Instructment
• For the purpose of this research the instructment used are
questionnaire, unstructured interviews , internet ,discussion group
as the instructment for data collection. In order to assess class
difference in the perception of the impact of poverty alleviation
program on the beneficiaries, fused group discussion were held with
youth and women
• Interview were held with policy makers on poverty alleviation at the
local government and state level .the target population for the study
was the core poor women and men from Talata Mafara local
government area who collected loan for the purpose of alleviating
poverty.
• The target population area is the core poor men and women of Talata
Mafara . Data were collected from 200 respondents. Out of the 200
respondents the researcher administered 175questionnaires and 25
structured and unstructured interviews were conducted.
12. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANAYSIS
• The researcher intends to present the collected and give analysis. The
total of 200 hundred was distributed randomly among the staff of
Talata Mafara local government council. But only 175 questionnaires
were returned. The analysis will be based on the 175 respondents.
The researcher intends to use descriptive statistical analyzes of data
obtained by using simple percentages. The total of 175 was used for
the analysis of the study. The questionnaire is divided into two parts.
Part A is the personal data of the respondent while part B is about the
subject matter of the study
13. • It indicated that 76.9% of the junior respondent is male while 23.1%
are female. For the senior respondents 90.9% are male while only
9.1% are female. It show that in Talata Mafara local majority of the
workers are male
• Shows that 37.1% out of the total of 175 respondents are junior
workers while 62.9% are senior workers. The researcher decided to
administered the more of the questionnaire to the senior workers
because most of are educated unlike the junior worker who’s highest
qualification is SSCE
• None of junior respondent has Degree/HND while 63.6 % of the
senior respondent have Degree/HND. 30.8% of the junior staff has
ND/NCE as their qualification and 36.4% of the senior have ND/NCE
as their educational qualification. Majority of junior staff have SSCE
which make 46.2% of the junior workers. 23.0% have primary
certificate. While in the none of senior staff has either SSCE or
primary certificate as their educational qualification. It can be seen
that in Talata Mafara local area highest number of the junior staff
have SSCE.
14. Data ANALYSIS CONTINIOUS
• the age of the response; in the junior cadre 61.5% of the respondents
are within the age brackets of 18-25 while the senior staff has only
0.9 % within that age bracket.
• 23.1 % and 76.3% of the junior and senior respondent are within the
age range between 26-33 .none of the junior staff are within the age
bracket of 42 and above and only 15 of the senior respondent are
within that range
• For the junior cadre the age bracket of 18-25 has the highest number
of respondent and in the senior cadre the highest number of them
falls within the age group of 26-33. These means that TML have
young, strong and emerging staff as the bracket of 18-25 account for
61.5% of the junior staff and for the age bracket of 26-33 account for
76.3% 0f the senior staff.
15. DATA ANYSIS CONTINIOUS
• Only 7.7% of the junior respondent benefited from any poverty alleviation scheme
while 62.7% of the senior respondents benefited and only 37.3 are of the opinion
that they did not benefited but even then the scheme is meant for the less
privilege but those that are support get the scheme do not even know about the
scheme
• 93.3% of the junior respondents that TML has being characterized by urban
poverty as while only 6.9% are of the opinion of the opinion that TML are not
characterized by urban poverty. In the senior category 63.6% are of the opinion
that TML is affected by urban and 22.7 % see TML as a town that is characterized
by urban poverty. And 14.7 said that they do not know. Putting the two tables
together it shows that about 130 numbers of the TML said that the local
government area is seriously hit by urban poverty.
• Shows that the76.9% and 72.7% of the respondents indicated that TML is
extremely poor. And only very of the people believed that TML is on average when
it come poverty matters and non of both the junior and senior staff are of the
opinion that they do not know from the above analysis therefore it can being
agreed that TML level of poverty is on the high side as about 130 number of the
respondent are of the opinion that the poverty level is high.
16. DATA ANAYSIS CONTINIOUS
• the general question what are the causes of poverty in Talata Mafara local area. it
can being seen from the above table only 1.5 % and 18,2% of the junior and
senior respondents are of opinion that lack of land for agric.production
respectively constitute only a little problem to poverty . For unequal distribution of
social and economic infrastructure, 20% of junior respondent is one of factor that
cause poverty and 9.1% are also of the same opinion .laziness, unemployment
recorded 13.4% each. Lack of education accounted for highest among the junior
staff. In senior staff 9.1%, 27.2 %, and 6.4% % respectively for unequal distribution
of infrastructure, laziness and lack of education. Unemployment is the highest
cause of poverty according to senior respondent.
• the general question what are the causes of poverty in Talata Mafara local area. it
can being seen from the above table only 1.5 % and 18,2% of the junior and senior
respondents respectively are of opinion that lack of land for agric.production
constitute only a little problem to poverty . For unequal distribution of social and
economic infrastructure, 20% of junior respondent is one of factor that cause
poverty and 9.1% are also of the same opinion .laziness, unemployment recorded
13.4% each. Lack of education accounted for highest among the junior staff. In
senior staff 9.1%, 27.2 %, and 6.4% % respectively for unequal distribution of
infrastructure, laziness and lack of education. Unemployment is the highest cause
of poverty according to senior respondent.
17. DATA ANALYSIS CONTINIOUS
• that corruption as it was shown by the junior respondent is one of
the reason why poverty alleviation cannot success in TML poor
funding recorded 4.6% , lack of supervision ,monitoring and
evaluation 10.8%,lack of awareness 3.1% . But majority of the junior
respondent are of the opinion that all the reason mentioned above
are reasons for poverty alleviation program could not success in TML.
In the senior cadre 9.0% of the total respondent accounted for
corruption, 6.7% for unqualified personnel, 11.8% as for poor
funding, and in the side of the senior staff majority of them are also
of the opinion that all the reasons listed are responsible for poverty
alleviation could not eliminate poverty completely in TML, Zamfara
and Nigeria as whole.
18. DATA ANAYSIS CONTINIOUS
• shows that the76.9% and 72.7% of the respondents indicated that
TML is extremely poor. And only very of the people believed that TML
is on average when it come poverty matters and non of both the
junior and senior staff are of the opinion that they do not know from
the above analysis therefore it can being agreed that TML level of
poverty is on the high side as about 130 number of the respondent
are of the opinion that the poverty level is high.
19. Findings
• During the research work the following were discovered that in
Zamfara have some poverty scheme but the scheme could not solve
the problems of poverty.
• The almajiri , the disable and even the elderly people could not
benefit from the program
• The almajiri , the disable and even the elderly people could not
benefit from the program
• And also there is no monitoring, no supervision and evaluation to see
whether the program introduced have meet the goals and objectives
of such poverty alleviation scheme
20. 5. Conclusion Summary and recommendation
• In conclusion the researcher was able to agree that poverty
alleviation was not able eliminate poverty in the local government
and most of the respondent in TML was not satisfied with level of the
standard of living of the less privilege in the local. And also if only the
government want poverty to reduced or completed eradicate from
the society some of the reasons for causes o poverty should be
address.
21. Recommendation
• The researcher recommends that all poverty alleviation programs should be
designed in such a way that should be able to reach the target group.
• Both the local state and federal government come out the ways on how monitor,
supervise and also evaluate each poverty alleviation program so to achieve the
purpose of such program.
• Government should remove politics from poverty alleviation program and all it to
reach those that are meant for if only they want eradicate poverty in the country.
• Fund should be provided to these capable of doing business and have the able to
carry the business
• The awareness of the poverty alleviation program should reach the populace
• The government should try solving the issue of corruption, infrastructure,
unemployment and a people should be committed to whatever they do.
• And finally they should continuity in poverty alleviation program .and it should be
mint to solve the problems of the poor and the elites
22. References
• Adda Gana Bukar et al. 2014 pp 8-26. “An Evaluation of Poverty
Alleviation Program in Maiduguri” .Journal of Humanities and Social
Science Intention, volume 3 Issue 4
• Aminu Isah. et al 2014. “Policy Implementation and The Challenge of
Poverty Alleviation in Nigerian” Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary
study vol.3. No 4
• Anger B.2000.”Poverty Eradication Millemium Development Goal and
Sustainable Development in Nigeria”. Journal of sustainable
Development. Vol.3. no. 4
• CBN/World Bank. 1999, Study on Poverty Assessment and Alleviation.
• CBN .2013. Annual Report
23. REFERENCES CONTINIOUS
• Country poverty brief sub Saharan Africa Nigeria oct. 2017
• Evelyn Dormekpor . 2015. Poverty and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries
.developing country studies. vol 5. No 10
• Mno ,1 2000. Poverty :the challenge ,the inperative, Zenth Economic quarterly
• Mustapha Hussaini 2014.” Poverty Alleviation Programs in Nigeria : issues and
challenges”. International Journal of Development Research
• National Bureau of Statistics .National Poverty Rate for Nigeria: 2003-
2004(Revised) 2009-10
• National Bureau of Statistics. Nigeria Poverty Profile 2010
24. REFERENCE CONTINIOUS
• Nilufer Cagatay 1998 .UNDP social Development and Poverty Elimination Division we 5
Gender and Poverty. Working paper series.
• Prof. Carolyn Afolake Afolami 2014. Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation and National
Development: The Inseparable Siamese Twins lecture series. No 47 Oct. 2014
• Samuel Gowon Edoumiekumo, el at 2014.” Income Poverty in Nigeria: Incidence, Gap,
Severity and Correlates”. American Journal of Human and Social Science. vol. No 1
• SMEDAN and National Bureau of Statistic Collaborative Survey 2013.
• UNDP 1990. Economic Development Report 1990: Oxford University Press. New York
• UNDP Nigeria 1998 Nigeria Human Development Report 1998. United Nations
Development Program, Lagos
•