Using two survey rounds from IFPRI's Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS), IFPRI researchers from the Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program (PRSSP) analyze poverty dynamics between 2011/12 and 2015, as well as offer policy considerations.
This document compares progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) between the national level in Egypt and the 151 poorest villages. Key findings include:
- At the national level, the proportion of people living below $1 per day decreased from 4.5% to 1.7% from 1991 to 2008, but in the 151 poorest villages it was 55%.
- The poverty gap ratio, measuring resources needed to eliminate poverty, decreased nationally but increased to 35% in the poorest villages.
- Employment levels were higher nationally than in the poorest villages, especially for women.
- Progress toward some MDGs has been made nationally due to economic growth, but significant inequalities remain for
Poverty alleviation approaches in BangladeshBorhan Uddin
This document discusses various approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh, including the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program, MDGs, targeted approaches, the Rural Development Academy, social safety net programs, and the contributions of NGOs. It defines poverty, describes the goals of PRSP and MDGs, and outlines major intervention areas such as ensuring rights, human development, microcredit, and gender-responsive planning. World organizations also aim to reduce poverty globally through programs focused on health, education, nutrition and child care.
This document provides an evaluation of poverty alleviation programs in Talata Mafara Local Government, Nigeria. It discusses the concepts and causes of poverty in Nigeria. Several poverty alleviation programs implemented by the Nigerian government and donor agencies are described, including Operation Feed the Nation, the Agriculture Development Program, and programs run by the UNDP, DFID, and World Bank. The document outlines the objectives and research methodology, which included distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data collection aimed to assess the reach and impact of poverty alleviation programs on target groups, and whether they have been effective in reducing poverty levels in rural and urban areas.
This document provides an evaluation of poverty alleviation programs in Talata Mafara Local Government, Nigeria. It discusses the concepts and causes of poverty in Nigeria. Several poverty alleviation programs implemented by the Nigerian government and donor agencies are described, including Operation Feed the Nation, the Agriculture Development Program, and programs run by the UNDP, DFID, and World Bank. The document outlines the objectives and research methodology, which included distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data collection aimed to assess the reach and impact of poverty alleviation programs on target groups, and whether they have been effective in reducing poverty levels in rural and urban areas.
POVERTY STATUS REPORT November 2014 (2)Peter Richens
1) Uganda has continued to significantly reduce poverty, with the rate falling from 24.5% in 2009/10 to 19.7% in 2012/13. However, many households remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty.
2) Structural change towards more productive and dynamic sectors like agribusiness and services has helped reduce poverty through jobs, demand for agricultural goods, and other indirect benefits. However, most smallholder farmers still use few inputs and rudimentary technology.
3) To sustain progress and ensure broad-based growth, efforts are needed to boost productivity in the agricultural sector and help vulnerable households seize new economic opportunities as Uganda's economy continues to modernize.
Poverty has been assigned as the number one problem for development of Bangladesh.
Though the country is making significant progress in the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather slow. This is mainly because of its high population size of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of 1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq. km.
Every year, about 2 million population are adding to its population size. Country’s resources are struggling to support such increasing population.
Using two survey rounds from IFPRI's Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS), IFPRI researchers from the Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program (PRSSP) analyze poverty dynamics between 2011/12 and 2015, as well as offer policy considerations.
This document compares progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) between the national level in Egypt and the 151 poorest villages. Key findings include:
- At the national level, the proportion of people living below $1 per day decreased from 4.5% to 1.7% from 1991 to 2008, but in the 151 poorest villages it was 55%.
- The poverty gap ratio, measuring resources needed to eliminate poverty, decreased nationally but increased to 35% in the poorest villages.
- Employment levels were higher nationally than in the poorest villages, especially for women.
- Progress toward some MDGs has been made nationally due to economic growth, but significant inequalities remain for
Poverty alleviation approaches in BangladeshBorhan Uddin
This document discusses various approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh, including the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program, MDGs, targeted approaches, the Rural Development Academy, social safety net programs, and the contributions of NGOs. It defines poverty, describes the goals of PRSP and MDGs, and outlines major intervention areas such as ensuring rights, human development, microcredit, and gender-responsive planning. World organizations also aim to reduce poverty globally through programs focused on health, education, nutrition and child care.
This document provides an evaluation of poverty alleviation programs in Talata Mafara Local Government, Nigeria. It discusses the concepts and causes of poverty in Nigeria. Several poverty alleviation programs implemented by the Nigerian government and donor agencies are described, including Operation Feed the Nation, the Agriculture Development Program, and programs run by the UNDP, DFID, and World Bank. The document outlines the objectives and research methodology, which included distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data collection aimed to assess the reach and impact of poverty alleviation programs on target groups, and whether they have been effective in reducing poverty levels in rural and urban areas.
This document provides an evaluation of poverty alleviation programs in Talata Mafara Local Government, Nigeria. It discusses the concepts and causes of poverty in Nigeria. Several poverty alleviation programs implemented by the Nigerian government and donor agencies are described, including Operation Feed the Nation, the Agriculture Development Program, and programs run by the UNDP, DFID, and World Bank. The document outlines the objectives and research methodology, which included distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data collection aimed to assess the reach and impact of poverty alleviation programs on target groups, and whether they have been effective in reducing poverty levels in rural and urban areas.
POVERTY STATUS REPORT November 2014 (2)Peter Richens
1) Uganda has continued to significantly reduce poverty, with the rate falling from 24.5% in 2009/10 to 19.7% in 2012/13. However, many households remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty.
2) Structural change towards more productive and dynamic sectors like agribusiness and services has helped reduce poverty through jobs, demand for agricultural goods, and other indirect benefits. However, most smallholder farmers still use few inputs and rudimentary technology.
3) To sustain progress and ensure broad-based growth, efforts are needed to boost productivity in the agricultural sector and help vulnerable households seize new economic opportunities as Uganda's economy continues to modernize.
Poverty has been assigned as the number one problem for development of Bangladesh.
Though the country is making significant progress in the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather slow. This is mainly because of its high population size of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of 1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq. km.
Every year, about 2 million population are adding to its population size. Country’s resources are struggling to support such increasing population.
Extreme poverty remains a challenge in Bangladesh despite reductions in overall poverty. The extreme poor have eroded assets, malnutrition, health issues, and exclusion from services. Standard poverty reduction strategies do not work for them due to assumptions about capacity and opportunities that do not apply. A new approach is needed that combines subsistence support, safety nets, health care, education to break intergenerational poverty cycles. Social protection including unconditional transfers is imperative for the most vulnerable. A pro-poor political settlement is needed to fund prevention, protection and promotion through expanded taxation.
This presentation discusses the incidence of poverty in Bangladesh. It notes that while the poverty rate has dropped significantly from 44.2% in 1991 to 12.9% in 2016, rural poverty remains a major issue due to factors such as high population growth, low economic growth, and low productivity. Urban poverty is also a problem and is driven by limited job opportunities, income inequality, and lack of access to services in urban slums. The presentation examines both rural and urban poverty in Bangladesh and discusses some ways to reduce poverty rates through efforts like ensuring education, employment, reducing corruption, and empowering women.
This presentation discusses the incidence of poverty in Bangladesh. It begins with defining poverty and outlining the contents to be covered. It then discusses the previous and present conditions of poverty in Bangladesh, showing that poverty rates have decreased from 31.5% to 24.3% in recent years according to government surveys. Causes of poverty discussed include overpopulation, lack of education, unemployment, and natural disasters. Solutions proposed to alleviate poverty include formulating national poverty reduction plans, population control, job creation, and increasing agricultural production through technology.
A Critical Assessment of Zimbabwe’s Economic developmentSimba Mavurudza
As a colony of the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe once enjoyed a flourishing economy. However since the country gained independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has seen a gradual decline in its economic development. Between 1980 and 1995 Zimbabwe’s post colonial economic development was moving at a progressive rate with policies such as the Economic Structural Adjustment Program (ESAP) being implemented. After 1995, despite stable infrastructure and financial systems, Zimbabwe’s economy declined. Today Zimbabwe finds itself in an economic and political crisis.
Avances de los ODS Latino América y El CaribeAmalia Espejo
The document summarizes progress made in Latin America and the Caribbean towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses that the region halved extreme poverty and reached targets for hunger, primary education access, and water/sanitation goals. However, it notes disparities between Latin America and the Caribbean subregions. The summary also highlights ongoing issues like high informal employment, gender pay gaps, and deforestation.
Critical Review of Poverty Reduction Programme in Nigeria: Evidence from Sout...iosrjce
This study is aimed at determining the impact of government poverty alleviation programmes in the
south east zone of Nigeria, taking into consideration that poverty profile in Nigeria displays zonal differences,
which of course is a reflection of the different agro-climatic conditions, economic zones and natural resource
endowments. Despite the huge funds earmarked by Government for the various poverty alleviation
programmes in the zone, poverty still abounds. The study employed primary data which was collected using
questionnaire of the alternative response form. The researcher employed chi-square statistic to analyze data
generated in the survey. The study revealed that poverty alleviation programmes of government have no
significant impact in the south east zone.Hence, the study concludes among others that, the government poverty
alleviation programmesdid not have significant impact on the poverty needs of the south-east zone. The study
recommended among others thatsustainable poverty reduction strategy should not focus narrowly on social
welfare measures, rather assets redistribution and creation of incentive structures that can enhance the rate
and pattern of economic growth should be seen as essential component.
The document discusses measures for comparing levels of development across continents, including economic measures like GNI per capita and percentage employed in agriculture, as well as social measures like life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality, undernourishment, health spending, and literacy. It asks the reader to rank the continents of LEDCs from most to least developed based on these measures in order to gain a clearer picture of the development gaps worldwide.
Bangladesh towards development 2015-2050SamiuR RahmaN
Bangladesh, a country with immense opportunities in multiple sectors, has a population of 164 million which includes a large number of skilled & semi skilled workforce. Bangladesh has survived the recent economic recession & was successful to hold a sustainable inflation rate during that period. This country has a better GDP growth rate than the other developing nations too.
Agriculture sector is the single largest contributor to GDP.
Crop production system is highly labour intensive and there is an abundance of labour supply in the country.
Agriculture is the largest source of employment for skilled and unskilled labour.
Favorable natural environment generally exists throughout the year for crop production.
Wide range of bio-diversity exists for different crops.
More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. A developing country, also called a less developed country is a nation with a less developed industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to developed countries.
Developing countries are, in general, countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low standard of living. There is a strong association between low income and high population growth. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle-income countries as developing but notes, "The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. gender equity refers to the economic, social, political, and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female.
This document summarizes Nuru's use of the Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT) to measure poverty in Kenya. It conducted a baseline MPAT survey in 15 villages in 2011, then followed up in 2013. While 7 of the 10 components measured improved, indicating lower poverty, the results cannot necessarily be attributed to Nuru's programs due to lack of a comparison group. The MPAT provides a complementary measure to traditional monitoring and evaluation but not a replacement. Lessons included the importance of a comparison group for attribution of changes to an intervention.
This paper analyzes poverty and growth trends across zones and sectors in Nigeria between 2004-2010. It finds that poverty increased nationwide over this period, with higher rates in northern zones and rural areas. Poverty-growth elasticity was below 1 and lower in northern/rural areas. Decomposition analyses show growth was the main factor reducing poverty, while increasing inequality weakened poverty reduction. Population shifts towards rural areas also increased poverty, particularly in northern zones. Human capital played a smaller role in explaining income/poverty differences between zones and sectors over time. Spatial and sectoral disparities in growth pro-poorness contributed to Nigeria's weak overall poverty reduction.
Comparison of regional disparities between 11th & 12th five year plan.Manas Dhibar
From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet minister.
The 11th Five Year Plan aimed to achieve rapid, inclusive growth and poverty reduction in India from 2007-2012. Key objectives included focusing on social sectors like education and health, empowering women, and increasing agricultural, industrial and services growth rates. The plan outlined 27 national targets and 13 state targets related to income, poverty, education, health, women, infrastructure and environment. While average GDP growth was lower than the target of 9% due to global crises, it exceeded the 10th plan's growth rate. Poverty declined faster than in previous periods but inequality remained a challenge.
The document outlines India's approach to achieving faster and more inclusive growth during its 11th Five Year Plan from 2007-2012. It aims to accelerate GDP growth to 10% while focusing on inclusive development through reducing dropout rates, increasing literacy, and improving health outcomes. Key targets include expanding rural infrastructure through initiatives to ensure electricity, roads, phones to all villages and households. Divides between rural-urban and social groups will be bridged by empowering women, scheduled castes, tribes, and minorities economically and politically.
The document discusses the importance of health to business and the economy. It notes that a nation's health indicators reflect the state of its wealth and economy. Poor health leads to a less productive workforce and economic drain. The document then provides an overview of Nigeria's poor health indices and underfunding of the health sector compared to global standards. It also discusses the social determinants of health issues in Nigeria like poverty, cultural beliefs, and brain drain of health professionals.
The document discusses Japan's declining population trends and projections. It notes that Japan's population peaked in 2008 at 128 million and will decline to around 86 million by 2060, with 40% of the population being over 65. This aging and shrinking population will impact the economy, communities, and social security. The government aims to slow population decline and stabilize around 90 million by improving birth rates from the current 1.42 to around 1.8 by 2030 and 2.07 by 2040-2050, the replacement level. Various measures have been taken since the 1990s to encourage childrearing and support families.
Impact of Low Social Spending on Human Development: Regional Disparity in Utt...inventionjournals
he objective of the paper is to describe the low status of human development and increasing intrastate
disparity regarding all the development indicators across the districts and regions in the state. The low
income levels keep the expenditure on social sector at a low level which results in low status of human
development. On the other hand, the low status of human development acts as a major economic constraint on
economic development of the state. The state presents a dismal scenario with regard to both economic growth
and human development. It is characterized by low levels of per capita income, high incidence of poverty,
sluggish economic growth, high population pressure along with high rates of population growth, high birth and
fertility rates, widespread illiteracy, high infant mortality and death rates and low life expectancy. Social sector
expenditure in U.P. is lower even as compared to other backward states. This was true for the different
components of social sector as well. These figures are reflective of the low priority to social sector given by the
policy makers in the state and underscore the need of substantial improvement in levels of social sector
expenditure in U.P.
Fiscal Decentralization and poverty reduction in Nigeriaafonomics1
The study was aimed at understanding the impart of revenue sharing formula between the federal government and the sub-national government on Poverty reduction in Nigeria. It is meant for government and policy makers to look critically at the reason why fiscal decentralization has a negative relationship with poverty reduction in developing countries unlike the positive imparts it has in some countries such as OECD Countries.
Measurement and Identification of Poverty in Preparation for the ‘World we wa...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
Extreme poverty remains a challenge in Bangladesh despite reductions in overall poverty. The extreme poor have eroded assets, malnutrition, health issues, and exclusion from services. Standard poverty reduction strategies do not work for them due to assumptions about capacity and opportunities that do not apply. A new approach is needed that combines subsistence support, safety nets, health care, education to break intergenerational poverty cycles. Social protection including unconditional transfers is imperative for the most vulnerable. A pro-poor political settlement is needed to fund prevention, protection and promotion through expanded taxation.
This presentation discusses the incidence of poverty in Bangladesh. It notes that while the poverty rate has dropped significantly from 44.2% in 1991 to 12.9% in 2016, rural poverty remains a major issue due to factors such as high population growth, low economic growth, and low productivity. Urban poverty is also a problem and is driven by limited job opportunities, income inequality, and lack of access to services in urban slums. The presentation examines both rural and urban poverty in Bangladesh and discusses some ways to reduce poverty rates through efforts like ensuring education, employment, reducing corruption, and empowering women.
This presentation discusses the incidence of poverty in Bangladesh. It begins with defining poverty and outlining the contents to be covered. It then discusses the previous and present conditions of poverty in Bangladesh, showing that poverty rates have decreased from 31.5% to 24.3% in recent years according to government surveys. Causes of poverty discussed include overpopulation, lack of education, unemployment, and natural disasters. Solutions proposed to alleviate poverty include formulating national poverty reduction plans, population control, job creation, and increasing agricultural production through technology.
A Critical Assessment of Zimbabwe’s Economic developmentSimba Mavurudza
As a colony of the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe once enjoyed a flourishing economy. However since the country gained independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has seen a gradual decline in its economic development. Between 1980 and 1995 Zimbabwe’s post colonial economic development was moving at a progressive rate with policies such as the Economic Structural Adjustment Program (ESAP) being implemented. After 1995, despite stable infrastructure and financial systems, Zimbabwe’s economy declined. Today Zimbabwe finds itself in an economic and political crisis.
Avances de los ODS Latino América y El CaribeAmalia Espejo
The document summarizes progress made in Latin America and the Caribbean towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses that the region halved extreme poverty and reached targets for hunger, primary education access, and water/sanitation goals. However, it notes disparities between Latin America and the Caribbean subregions. The summary also highlights ongoing issues like high informal employment, gender pay gaps, and deforestation.
Critical Review of Poverty Reduction Programme in Nigeria: Evidence from Sout...iosrjce
This study is aimed at determining the impact of government poverty alleviation programmes in the
south east zone of Nigeria, taking into consideration that poverty profile in Nigeria displays zonal differences,
which of course is a reflection of the different agro-climatic conditions, economic zones and natural resource
endowments. Despite the huge funds earmarked by Government for the various poverty alleviation
programmes in the zone, poverty still abounds. The study employed primary data which was collected using
questionnaire of the alternative response form. The researcher employed chi-square statistic to analyze data
generated in the survey. The study revealed that poverty alleviation programmes of government have no
significant impact in the south east zone.Hence, the study concludes among others that, the government poverty
alleviation programmesdid not have significant impact on the poverty needs of the south-east zone. The study
recommended among others thatsustainable poverty reduction strategy should not focus narrowly on social
welfare measures, rather assets redistribution and creation of incentive structures that can enhance the rate
and pattern of economic growth should be seen as essential component.
The document discusses measures for comparing levels of development across continents, including economic measures like GNI per capita and percentage employed in agriculture, as well as social measures like life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality, undernourishment, health spending, and literacy. It asks the reader to rank the continents of LEDCs from most to least developed based on these measures in order to gain a clearer picture of the development gaps worldwide.
Bangladesh towards development 2015-2050SamiuR RahmaN
Bangladesh, a country with immense opportunities in multiple sectors, has a population of 164 million which includes a large number of skilled & semi skilled workforce. Bangladesh has survived the recent economic recession & was successful to hold a sustainable inflation rate during that period. This country has a better GDP growth rate than the other developing nations too.
Agriculture sector is the single largest contributor to GDP.
Crop production system is highly labour intensive and there is an abundance of labour supply in the country.
Agriculture is the largest source of employment for skilled and unskilled labour.
Favorable natural environment generally exists throughout the year for crop production.
Wide range of bio-diversity exists for different crops.
More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. A developing country, also called a less developed country is a nation with a less developed industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to developed countries.
Developing countries are, in general, countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low standard of living. There is a strong association between low income and high population growth. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle-income countries as developing but notes, "The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. gender equity refers to the economic, social, political, and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female.
This document summarizes Nuru's use of the Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT) to measure poverty in Kenya. It conducted a baseline MPAT survey in 15 villages in 2011, then followed up in 2013. While 7 of the 10 components measured improved, indicating lower poverty, the results cannot necessarily be attributed to Nuru's programs due to lack of a comparison group. The MPAT provides a complementary measure to traditional monitoring and evaluation but not a replacement. Lessons included the importance of a comparison group for attribution of changes to an intervention.
This paper analyzes poverty and growth trends across zones and sectors in Nigeria between 2004-2010. It finds that poverty increased nationwide over this period, with higher rates in northern zones and rural areas. Poverty-growth elasticity was below 1 and lower in northern/rural areas. Decomposition analyses show growth was the main factor reducing poverty, while increasing inequality weakened poverty reduction. Population shifts towards rural areas also increased poverty, particularly in northern zones. Human capital played a smaller role in explaining income/poverty differences between zones and sectors over time. Spatial and sectoral disparities in growth pro-poorness contributed to Nigeria's weak overall poverty reduction.
Comparison of regional disparities between 11th & 12th five year plan.Manas Dhibar
From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951-2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015-2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman, the commission has a nominated deputy chairman, who holds the rank of a cabinet minister.
The 11th Five Year Plan aimed to achieve rapid, inclusive growth and poverty reduction in India from 2007-2012. Key objectives included focusing on social sectors like education and health, empowering women, and increasing agricultural, industrial and services growth rates. The plan outlined 27 national targets and 13 state targets related to income, poverty, education, health, women, infrastructure and environment. While average GDP growth was lower than the target of 9% due to global crises, it exceeded the 10th plan's growth rate. Poverty declined faster than in previous periods but inequality remained a challenge.
The document outlines India's approach to achieving faster and more inclusive growth during its 11th Five Year Plan from 2007-2012. It aims to accelerate GDP growth to 10% while focusing on inclusive development through reducing dropout rates, increasing literacy, and improving health outcomes. Key targets include expanding rural infrastructure through initiatives to ensure electricity, roads, phones to all villages and households. Divides between rural-urban and social groups will be bridged by empowering women, scheduled castes, tribes, and minorities economically and politically.
The document discusses the importance of health to business and the economy. It notes that a nation's health indicators reflect the state of its wealth and economy. Poor health leads to a less productive workforce and economic drain. The document then provides an overview of Nigeria's poor health indices and underfunding of the health sector compared to global standards. It also discusses the social determinants of health issues in Nigeria like poverty, cultural beliefs, and brain drain of health professionals.
The document discusses Japan's declining population trends and projections. It notes that Japan's population peaked in 2008 at 128 million and will decline to around 86 million by 2060, with 40% of the population being over 65. This aging and shrinking population will impact the economy, communities, and social security. The government aims to slow population decline and stabilize around 90 million by improving birth rates from the current 1.42 to around 1.8 by 2030 and 2.07 by 2040-2050, the replacement level. Various measures have been taken since the 1990s to encourage childrearing and support families.
Impact of Low Social Spending on Human Development: Regional Disparity in Utt...inventionjournals
he objective of the paper is to describe the low status of human development and increasing intrastate
disparity regarding all the development indicators across the districts and regions in the state. The low
income levels keep the expenditure on social sector at a low level which results in low status of human
development. On the other hand, the low status of human development acts as a major economic constraint on
economic development of the state. The state presents a dismal scenario with regard to both economic growth
and human development. It is characterized by low levels of per capita income, high incidence of poverty,
sluggish economic growth, high population pressure along with high rates of population growth, high birth and
fertility rates, widespread illiteracy, high infant mortality and death rates and low life expectancy. Social sector
expenditure in U.P. is lower even as compared to other backward states. This was true for the different
components of social sector as well. These figures are reflective of the low priority to social sector given by the
policy makers in the state and underscore the need of substantial improvement in levels of social sector
expenditure in U.P.
Fiscal Decentralization and poverty reduction in Nigeriaafonomics1
The study was aimed at understanding the impart of revenue sharing formula between the federal government and the sub-national government on Poverty reduction in Nigeria. It is meant for government and policy makers to look critically at the reason why fiscal decentralization has a negative relationship with poverty reduction in developing countries unlike the positive imparts it has in some countries such as OECD Countries.
Measurement and Identification of Poverty in Preparation for the ‘World we wa...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
Millennium development goals and poverty in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the relationship between Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty in Nigeria using various statistical analyses. Correlation analysis shows that literacy rate has a positive association with poverty index and per capita income, but a negative association with infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate has a strong negative association with per capita income and trade openness. Regression analysis indicates that per capita income and infant mortality rate have a negative effect on poverty incidence, while literacy rate has a positive effect. The analyses show that MDG indicators have a significant effect on poverty in Nigeria. It is recommended that each dimension of poverty in Nigeria be addressed to allow for overall growth and development.
The document summarizes research on the relationship between economic growth and poverty in Nigeria. It finds that while Nigeria's GDP per capita grew by nearly 70% from 1992-2009, the poverty rate only declined by 6% over this period. Several factors are hypothesized to influence this relationship, including high income inequality, Nigeria's reliance on the oil sector for growth, high unemployment, corruption, and poor education and health outcomes. The growth elasticity of poverty in Nigeria is found to vary widely depending on the time period studied, suggesting economic growth has not consistently led to reductions in poverty.
This document summarizes poverty trends in Bangladesh based on various government reports and studies. It finds that while poverty has declined overall in Bangladesh since the 1990s, about 31.5% of the population still lives below the poverty line. Poverty is higher in rural areas and divisions outside of Dhaka have higher poverty rates. Factors perpetuating poverty include food inflation, unequal growth, income inequality, lack of education, natural disasters, and reliance on traditional agriculture with low productivity. Reducing poverty further requires more equitable income growth through job creation and modernizing the agricultural sector.
This document discusses trends in poverty and inequality in Nigeria over the past 20 years. It notes that poverty levels have risen sharply from 28.1% of the population living below the poverty line in 1980 to over 70% in 2002. While some expected democracy to reduce poverty, four years after civilian rule began in 1999 poverty continues to increase. The document examines factors slowing democratic consolidation and options for pro-poor policies and development in Nigeria.
Needs, poverty and democracy in nigeria – an assessmentKayode Fayemi
This document analyzes trends in poverty and inequality in Nigeria over the past 20 years. It finds that poverty has significantly increased, with over 70% of Nigerians now living below the poverty line. Poverty is most prevalent in rural areas and northern regions but has also grown substantially in urban areas. Women and girls experience higher rates of poverty than men due to social and economic inequalities. While Nigeria has significant oil wealth, the Niger Delta region remains deeply impoverished due to underdevelopment and political repression over many years of military rule. Inadequate infrastructure, education, healthcare and opportunities continue to plague Nigeria and exacerbate poverty conditions.
This document analyzes trends in poverty and inequality in Nigeria over the past 20 years. It finds that poverty has significantly increased, with over 70% of Nigerians now living below the poverty line. Poverty is most prevalent in rural areas and northern regions but has also grown substantially in urban areas. The document examines factors driving poverty such as poor governance, corruption, and an economic reliance on oil. It also notes that poverty has a gender dimension and that women tend to experience greater vulnerability.
Needs, poverty and democracy in nigeria – an assessmentKayode Fayemi
This document summarizes trends in poverty and inequality in Nigeria over the past few decades based on various statistics and studies. It finds that poverty in Nigeria has significantly increased, with over 70% of Nigerians living below the poverty line by 2002. Poverty is deeper in rural areas and varies substantially by region. Women also experience higher rates of poverty than men. While Nigeria has significant oil wealth, the Niger Delta region remains deeply impoverished with lack of basic infrastructure and services. Weak governance, corruption, and lack of inclusive institutions are cited as primary drivers of widespread and increasing poverty in Nigeria.
This document discusses a study that aimed to assess the determinants of poverty in Mkinga District, Tanzania. The study found that nearly 93% of respondents in the area were poor. Using an ordinal regression model and data from 210 households, the study identified several factors associated with poverty in the area, including gender (with women more affected), smaller land size, smaller farm size, larger household size, and higher dependency ratio. The study recommends empowering people, especially women, to participate in economic activities using local resources to alleviate poverty in the district.
Prospects and Problems of Non-Governmental Organizations in Poverty Alleviati...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The World Bank sponsored Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), launched in 1990 envisaged a world free of poverty by the year 2015. The North-East (where Gombe State is centrally located) is experiencing significantly higher poverty and lack of progress in poverty reduction efforts. With coming to end of 2015, much still need to be done to attain the MDGs. With over 62.6% Nigerian population still very poor, there is need for a continuous search for alternative planning & development options that would help ameliorate poverty and sustained our dream for a world free of poverty and wants. This study examines the prospects and investigates the constraints of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in poverty alleviation and community development. Literature review, questionnaire and interview methods were used for the study. The findings revealed that: finance, continuity of projects/programmes, conflicts and insecurity were the major problems confronting the NGOs. An interesting revelation is that majority of the respondents indicated that they wait for the NGOs or Government to initiate poverty alleviation programmes/projects. The implication is that the community dwellers need attitudinal change necessary for self reliance. The prospect of NGOs in poverty alleviation and community development in the study area is very bright due to rapid population growth & increasing poverty levels with the attendant positive effects on urban planning and regional development. The study recommends that NGOs should (1) form an association to enable them work together, and utilize social capital in their operation/services. (2) seek to explore avenues for funding from donor agencies. Finally, the Government needs to address some of its short comings.
The relationship between unemployment and poverty has been of interest to many a scholar with interest in development economics and social sciences. This paper is an addition to the empirical attempts to re-examine the relationship between unemployment rate and poverty incidence in Nigeria using secondary data sourced from relevant institutions to obtain major Social and Economic indicators spanning within 1980-2015. The study used Trend graph analysis, Correlation coefficient analysis and Granger causality tests in its analyses. As shown from the results, there is a positive-significant correlation between unemployment and poverty in Nigeria. More so, this was corroborated by the Trend graph analysis. It also established that unemployment granger causes poverty in Nigeria as suggests from the Granger causality tests. The economic implication of this result is that poverty is an increasing function of unemployment; and the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) pointed that short run disequilibrium in the economy can be returned to equilibrium in the long run with a poor speed of adjustment of 6 %. In the light of these findings, this study recommends that efforts should be intensified in Nigeria towards implementation of unemployment reduction policies as this will significantly reduce poverty incidence.
Poverty and household welfare in Ethiopia, 2011-2016essp2
Despite economic growth between 2011-2016, poverty and inequality in Ethiopia remain challenges:
- While median consumption increased 12% nationally, growth was unequal, with little to no growth for the bottom 15%.
- Inequality rose slightly, with higher consumption growth in urban vs. rural and top vs. bottom deciles.
- Poverty severity changed little and regional differences persist, increasing in some rural areas.
Ensuring equitable growth that benefits all, especially the rural poor, will be key to continuing poverty reduction efforts in Ethiopia.
This document summarizes Djibouti's National Initiative for Social Development (INDS), which serves as Djibouti's second generation poverty reduction strategy paper. The INDS aims to reduce poverty and promote social development from 2008-2012. It has four pillars: strengthening competitiveness and economic growth, optimizing human resource development, reducing poverty and assisting vulnerable groups, and improving governance. The total estimated cost of implementing the INDS is $1.65 billion USD over five years. Domestic funding is expected to cover about 12% of costs, with the remainder relying on external financing.
Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 Sta...ijtsrd
In this work, we examine that the poverty rate is being influenced by the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate using data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics 2003 04, 2009 10 and 2019. Using SPSS 23, the results show that corruption, conflict and unemployment rates are statistically significant with an F Statistics value of 1.706 0.185 critical value .Hence, both significantly influence the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The Coefficient Output Summary difference of the variables suggest a model which is fitted as where is poverty rate and the variations in the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment. The results also show that the poverty rate in Nigeria increases with increases inthe level of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate across the 36 States in Nigeria. Owan, Raphael Asu | Dr. Willie, Clement Etti | Asu Isaac Asu "Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 States in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46460.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/46460/multivariate-analysis-of-head-count-per-capita-poverty-rate-across-the-36-states-in-nigeria/owan-raphael-asu
Poverty and it's Alleviation: Lessons for Nigeriaijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on poverty and efforts to alleviate it in Nigeria. Some key points:
- Poverty in Nigeria has persisted despite various government development plans and programs since 1960.
- Poverty levels rose between 1980-1996 according to government statistics, with over 70% of Nigerians living in poverty.
- Poverty is most severe in rural areas and northern regions of the country.
- Income inequality and corruption have contributed significantly to poverty.
- The document examines successful poverty reduction in other countries like Malaysia, China, and South Korea to identify lessons for Nigeria.
Bangladesh's massive urban sector, comprising 525 urban centres, continues to grow. The BBS reports that 21 per cent of the urban population is below the poverty line, a third of whom is extreme poor.
This report summarizes the scale of economic and gender inequality in Nigeria. It finds that while Nigeria has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades, this growth has primarily benefited a small elite. More than half of Nigeria's population still lives in extreme poverty. The report identifies several key drivers of inequality in Nigeria, including a regressive tax system that taxes the poor heavily while giving breaks to large corporations, high costs of governance that consume resources needed for public services, and rampant corruption among political elites that siphons off billions from state coffers for private gain. It concludes that reducing inequality will require reforms to policy and politics that distribute opportunities, income, and wealth more widely and curb corruption and rent-seeking behavior by elites
This document provides demographic and economic data about North 'A' District in Zanzibar. It summarizes that the district has a population of over 105,000 people engaged mainly in fishing, tourism, and clove production. Nearly half of households live below the basic needs poverty line. The district has experienced a reduction in both food and basic needs poverty between 2004/05 and 2009/10, though the number of people in basic needs poverty increased. Household incomes are typically low and derived from agriculture, fishing, and small businesses. Food accounts for over 60% of household expenditures on average.
Growth Redistribution and Inequality Effects on Poverty in NigeriaUNDP Policy Centre
Jude Chukwu (Department of Economics, University of Nigeria and Visiting Research Fellow, IPC-IG) introduced his research, presenting its empirical findings during a presentation on the IPC-IG’s Seminar Series. He delved into the patterns of growth and inequality in Nigeria, as well as on the extent of pro-poorness and inclusiveness of growth in the country.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
Learn SQL from basic queries to Advance queriesmanishkhaire30
Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
State of Artificial intelligence Report 2023kuntobimo2016
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field of science and engineering whose goal is to create intelligent machines.
We believe that AI will be a force multiplier on technological progress in our increasingly digital, data-driven world. This is because everything around us today, ranging from culture to consumer products, is a product of intelligence.
The State of AI Report is now in its sixth year. Consider this report as a compilation of the most interesting things we’ve seen with a goal of triggering an informed conversation about the state of AI and its implication for the future.
We consider the following key dimensions in our report:
Research: Technology breakthroughs and their capabilities.
Industry: Areas of commercial application for AI and its business impact.
Politics: Regulation of AI, its economic implications and the evolving geopolitics of AI.
Safety: Identifying and mitigating catastrophic risks that highly-capable future AI systems could pose to us.
Predictions: What we believe will happen in the next 12 months and a 2022 performance review to keep us honest.
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
4th Modern Marketing Reckoner by MMA Global India & Group M: 60+ experts on W...Social Samosa
The Modern Marketing Reckoner (MMR) is a comprehensive resource packed with POVs from 60+ industry leaders on how AI is transforming the 4 key pillars of marketing – product, place, price and promotions.
1. AN EMPRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE
NATIONAL POVERTY RATES FOR
NIGERIA: 2003-04(REVISED) AND
2009-10 REPORT.
Prepared by: Afolabi Oluwaseun B
2. OVERVIEW
The NBS report shows that
poverty rate declined slightly
from 64.2% in 2003-2004 survey
to 62.6% in 2009-2010 survey.
However, the number of absolute
poor people increased by 22.7%
in 2009-2010. Moreover, the
increase in poverty threshold
from ₦79 per person per day in
2003-2004 to ₦151 per person
per day might accounts for the
1.6% decrement in national
poverty headcount. Although,
other parameters need to be put
into consideration to validate this
claim.
The report also postulated that
poverty remained high and
monotonic increasing in the rural
areas with a percentage increase
of 39.6 %( 20.4 million people) in
spite of the 4.4% decrease in the
rural head count, while poverty
spread in the urban areas grow
at the rate of 6.32% (1.8 million
people) with a 1% decrease in the
urban head count between
2003-2004 and 2009-2010.
Furthermore, Nigeria’s national
poverty rate has increased by
27.8% (22.3 million people)
between 2003-2004 and 2009-
2010 with the rural areas the
highest contributor (67.7%) to
3. KEYNOTE
The prevalence of poverty differs across the states; Oyo had the
lowest poverty rate (38%), while jigawa had the highest poverty
rate (95.3%) in 2003-2004. Both Oyo and JIgawa contributed
1.59% and 3.99% respectively to the overall poverty rates in 2003-
2004.
In the year 2009-2010, Osun overtook Oyo as the state with
the least poverty rate 37.5%, which means 7.1% of the Osun’s
population were out of poverty by the year 2009-2010. But Jigawa
remained the state with the highest poverty rate at 88.5%.
Nevertheless, 6.8% of Jigawa’s population were lifted out of
poverty when compared to the 2003-2004 poverty rate figures.
The greatest reduction of poverty rate was recorded by Lagos;
where 29.1% of its population were moved above the poverty
line by the year 2009-2010. In contrast, Ebonyi recorded the
highest number of people that fell below the poverty line (19.7%) by
the year 2009-2010 when compared to the 2003-3004 data.
The northern region of Nigeria has high prevalence of poverty.
The region accounts for 62% (63million out of 102.2million) of
4. PERCENTAGE POVERTY RATES IN THE
GEO-POLITICAL ZONES BETWEEN 2003-
2004 AND 2009-2010
SOUTH
SE
10.16
% 12.21%
SS
14.44
% 13.65%
SW
13.62
% 12.77%
NORTH
NC 20.81% 19.61%
NE 18.68% 19.33%
NW 22.28% 22.43%
5. GEO-POLITICAL ZONES HEAD
COUNT PER CAPITA POVERTY
MEASURE (%)
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
NC NE NW SE SS SW
%povertyrate
Geo-polical zones
year__2003-2004
year__2009-2010
6. % OF POVERTY RATES IN THE SOUTHERN &
NORTHERN REGION OF NIGERIA IN 2003-2004 AND
2009-2010
61.78%
38.22%
North South
61.37%
38.63%
North South
8. As a developing nation and a country with
high poverty rates, it is important for
Nigeria to have a national poverty value
because it will help in policy formulation,
targeting development initiatives, and
monitoring and evaluating economic
progress across the country. However,
formulating a national poverty value must
be holistic so as to reflect the living
condition of the citizens. Factors such as
cost of food, access to portable water,
clothing, shelter, transportation, inflation,
9. RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the analyzed report, the following recommendations are
reached:
The Nigerian government must pass a birth control bill, this will
help curb the continuous increase in population.
Government must invest in human development and also make
available basic and social amenities in the rural communities.
Government must develop the agricultural sector and ensure
more is invested in rural areas since they are predominantly
farmers.
States in the northern region of Nigeria must seek greater
collaboration in order to eradicate poverty to its nearest minimum.
Government should consider regional solutions to eradicate
poverty, since each region has unique natural resources which
should be harness to help develop the regions.
The new poverty line should be estimated to be $0.82 per