The document discusses the knowledge gap hypothesis proposed in 1970, which suggests that as mass media information increases in a society, those with higher socioeconomic status will gain knowledge at a faster rate than those with lower status, widening the gap between them. It provides operational definitions and potential reasons for the knowledge gap, such as differences in communication skills, prior knowledge, and selective exposure between high and low SES groups. Suggestions to reduce the gap include issues that have local impact, involvement of celebrities, and topics that arouse social concerns. Critics argue the hypothesis is based on a traditional communication model and information should be useful for audiences.
Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
Introduction:
This theory is concerned mainly with “information” and “knowledge” and emphasizes that knowledge is not distributed equally throughout society.
There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
Authors: Kirsti Ala-Mutka, Yves Punie.
As the share of older people increases, there is a need to improve their well-being and possibilities for integration in the knowledge society. In ageing societies, learning plays a key role in addressing challenges such as increasing social and health costs, re-skilling for employment and participation, and intergenerational sharing of experience and knowledge.
Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
Introduction:
This theory is concerned mainly with “information” and “knowledge” and emphasizes that knowledge is not distributed equally throughout society.
There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
Authors: Kirsti Ala-Mutka, Yves Punie.
As the share of older people increases, there is a need to improve their well-being and possibilities for integration in the knowledge society. In ageing societies, learning plays a key role in addressing challenges such as increasing social and health costs, re-skilling for employment and participation, and intergenerational sharing of experience and knowledge.
Highlights from The Know News symposium, hosted last April by Simmons University School of Library and Information Science and the Gwen Ifill College of Media, Arts, and Humanities, given by Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe of the University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign, Laura Saunders of Simmons College, Anna Kassinger of Washington, D.C.’s NewseumED, and Ian Singer of Credo Reference. During the webinar they detailed next steps and ongoing efforts, including those from the Know News Symposium white paper.
Lee discussed Pew Internet's latest findings and why they suggest that libraries can play a role in people’s social networks in the future. He described the reasons that people rely more and more on their social networks as they share ideas, learn, solve problems, and seek social support. And he explored how libraries can act as "nodes" in people’s networks. 3/30/09
GogginInventingMobileCommunications20April2015ANUMelanesiaWorkshopUniversity of Sydney
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This presentation contains course information about FIC0114: Describing Mass Communication and the lecture for the first week, Intro to Mass Communication + Media Literacy
This article explores some of the concepts that are presented as dichotomies within the idea of the “digital divide”, bringing a more nuanced look at the idea of “haves” and “have-nots”. The discussion this article is intended to kick off is that of the levels of interaction and uses with information technologies as well as the path to effective use of them.
Highlights from The Know News symposium, hosted last April by Simmons University School of Library and Information Science and the Gwen Ifill College of Media, Arts, and Humanities, given by Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe of the University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign, Laura Saunders of Simmons College, Anna Kassinger of Washington, D.C.’s NewseumED, and Ian Singer of Credo Reference. During the webinar they detailed next steps and ongoing efforts, including those from the Know News Symposium white paper.
Lee discussed Pew Internet's latest findings and why they suggest that libraries can play a role in people’s social networks in the future. He described the reasons that people rely more and more on their social networks as they share ideas, learn, solve problems, and seek social support. And he explored how libraries can act as "nodes" in people’s networks. 3/30/09
GogginInventingMobileCommunications20April2015ANUMelanesiaWorkshopUniversity of Sydney
"Inventing Mobile Communication: From Nordic Countries + East Asia to Melanesia" - talk for Sarah Logan’s "ICTs in Melanesia Research Workshop" Australian National University, 20-21 April, 2015
This presentation contains course information about FIC0114: Describing Mass Communication and the lecture for the first week, Intro to Mass Communication + Media Literacy
This article explores some of the concepts that are presented as dichotomies within the idea of the “digital divide”, bringing a more nuanced look at the idea of “haves” and “have-nots”. The discussion this article is intended to kick off is that of the levels of interaction and uses with information technologies as well as the path to effective use of them.
CILIP Conference 2020: Information Redlining: The Urgency to Close the Socioe...CILIP
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#CILIPConf20
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How will you close your knowledge gap- Is your mind geared to re-think.docxcliftonl1
How will you close your knowledge gap, Is your mind geared to re-think what you think you know?
Solution
The knowledge gap theory was first proposed by Tichenor, Donohue and Olien at the University of Minnesota in the 70s. They believe that the increase of information in society is not evenly acquired by every member of society: people with higher socioeconomic status tend to have better ability to acquire information (Weng, S.C. 2000). This leads to a division of two groups: a group of better-educated people who know more about most things, and those with low education who know less. Lower socio-economic status (SES) people, defined partly by educational level, have little or no knowledge about public affairs issues, are disconnected from news events and important new discoveries, and usually aren’t concerned about their lack of knowledge.
Core Assumptions and Statements
The knowledge gap can result in an increased gap between people of lower and higher socioeconomic status. The attempt to improve people’s life with information via the mass media might not always work the way this is planned. Mass media might have the effect of increasing the difference gap between members of social classes.
.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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2. In 1970 Philip J Tichenor, George A. Donohue
and Clarice. N Olien proposed an idea titled as
“Mass media flow and differential growth in
knowledge”
3. theory
• This theory is concerned mainly with information and
knowledge and emphasizes that knowledge is not
distributed equally throughout society
Concept of haves and have-nots with regard to
information just as material wealth Information is
very important in our society because any developed
country depends on well- informed citizens
4. Knowledge Gap Hypothesis
• As the infusion of mass media information into a
social system increases, segments of the population
with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire
this information at a faster rate than the lower status
segments, so that the gap in knowledge between
these two segments tend to increase rather than
decrease
5. Role of Mass Media
One of the great promises of mass communication
is that it provides people with information they
need
It has the potential of reaching people who have
not been reached by other means (poor and
undeveloped people)
6. Hypothesis Prediction
People of both high and low socioeconomic status
will gain in knowledge because of the additional
information, but that persons of higher
socioeconomic status will gain more
This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge
between the well-to-do and less well-off would
increase.
7. Operational forms of the Hypothesis
Techinor et al 1970 say that KG hypothesis might be
stated in two ways:
Overtime, acquisition of knowledge of a heavily
publicized topic will proceed at a faster rate among
better- educated persons than among those with
less education
At a given time, there should be a higher correlation
between acquisition of knowledge and education for
topics highly publicized in the media than for topics
less publicized
8. Possible reasons for Knowledge Gap
There is a difference in communication skills between
those high and low in SES
There is a difference in the amount of stored
information or previously acquired background
knowledge
People of higher SES might have more relevant social
contact
The mechanisms of selective exposure, acceptance and
retention might be operating. (Persons with low SES might
not find or be interested in topics such as public affairs or
science news)
9. How ToReduce The Knowledge Gap
When an issue has immediate and strong local
impact, the knowledge gap is likely to decline
A well-known celebrity involved in the dissemination
of information could help achieve wider visibility for
and acceptance of the information
When an issue arouses basic social concerns, the
knowledge gap is likely to be reduced or eliminated
Researchers found that television may have a special
power to close knowledge gaps or, if not to close
them, at least to keep them from widening
10. Interest and motivation can help in narrowing KG
Information campaigns must beon audience
research
Society mustassure theaccess to information
available toall
It probably begin with needs of the potential
userof information
11. KG and New Technology
• Manyof the new technologiesareexpensive Becauseof
thecost, these technologies may be more available to
thewell-to-do than to less –well-off.
If the access to these information services is not
universally available throughout the society, then those
already “information-rich” may reap the benefits while
the “information-poor” get relatively poorer.
A widening of this “information gap” may lead to
increase tension.
12. The Digital Divide
What is the digital divide?
The digital divide is the gap between people with access to
digital information technology, and those that have limited
access to digital information technology
Gap can be found between individuals, communities, and
countries
The digital divide causes an increased knowledge gap.
People who lack access to the internet will not be receiving
the information provided by the internet
People who have internet learn how to interpret and
understand information the information presented
13. Criticism of the KG Hypothesis
Dervin (1980) criticized the KG for being based on the
traditional source-sending-messages –to-receiver
paradigm of communication
She recommended that communication
campaigns and researchers be more user-based
and user-constructed information
Evatt (1998) argued that researchers should be sure
that the information they are testing is useful and
relevant for the audience being tested
14. Knowledge Gap from Pakistani Perspective
Pakistani rural areas are different from Urban areas
The socio economic status of people of rural areas is
very low than people of urban area
The information and knowledge gap is much more in
between these two sectors
The reason for this is the lack of educational facilities in
rural areas
Lack of information sources
15. Factors widening KG
Lack of professional ethics
Limited accessibility tointernet
Ignorance about currentprofessional knowledge
Poor library infrastructure
Limited state funded resources
Limited capacity toattend international professional
conferences
Lack of personal will
Unavailability of fresh scientificliterature
Obsolete professional knowledge in different
disciplines
16. Examples
When a person from rural area applies for the job
and on the same time the person from Urban area
applies then both of them have different level of
knowledge
The communication skills of the person from Urban
area would be much better than rural area person
Rural area person would not be much confident, he
would lack various trends of suiting's, walk, talk
and so on.