How will you close your knowledge gap- Is your mind geared to re-think.docx
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How will you close your knowledge gap, Is your mind geared to re-think what you think you know? Solution The knowledge gap theory was first proposed by Tichenor, Donohue and Olien at the University of Minnesota in the 70s. They believe that the increase of information in society is not evenly acquired by every member of society: people with higher socioeconomic status tend to have better ability to acquire information (Weng, S.C. 2000). This leads to a division of two groups: a group of better-educated people who know more about most things, and those with low education who know less. Lower socio-economic status (SES) people, defined partly by educational level, have little or no knowledge about public affairs issues, are disconnected from news events and important new discoveries, and usually aren’t concerned about their lack of knowledge. Core Assumptions and Statements The knowledge gap can result in an increased gap between people of lower and higher socioeconomic status. The attempt to improve people’s life with information via the mass media might not always work the way this is planned. Mass media might have the effect of increasing the difference gap between members of social classes. .
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Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
Introduction:
This theory is concerned mainly with “information” and “knowledge” and emphasizes that knowledge is not distributed equally throughout society.
There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
Recommended
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There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
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Solution
Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a colourless gas with a sharp, irritating odour. It is produced by burning fossil fuels and by the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulfur.
However, SO2 oxidizes to H2SO4, which gets involved with aqueous chemistry and often leads to sulfate (SO4). Sulfate is an aerosol that will reflect sunlight (like many aerosols) and block energy input to the Earth. If you increase the amount of sunlight being reflected back to space (reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed by the surface of the Earth), there is a net cooling affect.
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve very easily in water and can be carried very far by the wind. As a result, the two compounds can travel long distances where they become part of the rain, sleet, snow, and fog that we experience on certain days.
.
How does an awareness of the historical link between the United States.docx
How does an awareness of the historical link between the United States and China help explain the current relationship between the two countries? (Please do not copy/paste irrelevant information, I will report it)
Solution
Answer The us and china historical link helped in many ways like laws in both countries passed after taking into consideration the effectiveness of laws in one another country.
The foundation of US and China relationship is based on Trade, Faith and Freedom which can be demonstrated with help of below examples:
1 . Americans have been interested in China for a long time. In 1784, when the American War for Independence was barely over, the first ship to sail under an American flag left New York. It was the merchant ship Empress of China , bound for Canton (now Guangdong), China.
At first, the American interest in China was economic. Americans were looking for new markets to buy goods, as the British refused to deal with Americans. And the Chinese preferred to work with Americans, who bought Chinese goods. The Europeans only wanted to sell them things.
By the middle of the 19th century, though, the relationship had grown. American churches led the way, seeking converts to Christianity among China
.
How do you utilize PM software to manage team activities-SolutionProje.docx
How do you utilize PM software to manage team activities?
Solution
Project Management is the process and activity of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources, procedures and protocols to achieve specific goals in scientific or daily problems. A project is a temporary endeavor designed to produce a unique product, service or result with a defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables),undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives typically to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast with business as usual (or operations), [4] which are repetitive, permanent, or semi-permanent functional activities to produce products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and management strategies.
The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goalsand objectives while honoring the preconceived constraints. The primary constraints are scope, time, quality and budget. The secondary
.
how do the different architectures of a polymer affect their propertie.docx
how do the different architectures of a polymer affect their properties?
Solution
Polymers are affected by molecular weight and crystallinity.
Linear polymers - single chains, flexible , van der Waals between molecules.
Branched polymers - side branches , packing is less efficient, lower density,less crystalline than linear.
Branching also affects chain entanglement, the ability of chains to slide past one another, in turn affecting the bulk physical properties. Long chain branches may increase polymer strength, toughness, and the glass transition temperature (T g ) due to an increase in the number of entanglements per chain.
From an adsorption point-of-view, the bottle-brush homopolymers have the ability to attach to the surface through both side chain and backbone segments. If adsorption occurs through the attachment of the side chains on the surface, then the polymer attains a flat conformation at the interface since the gain in adsorption energy increases with the number of contact points between the side chain segments and the surface
Dendrimers are a special case of branched polymer where every monomer unit is also a branch point. This tends to reduce intermolecular chain entanglement and crystallization. A related architecture, the dendritic polymer, are not perfectly branched but share similar properties to dendrimers due to their high degree of branching.
.
How do phospholipid bilayers maintain specific concentrations of solut.docx
How do phospholipid bilayers maintain specific concentrations of solutes inside and outside the cell? a. The interior of the bilayer is packed too tightly for any molecule to pass through b. The interior of the bilayer is too hydrophobic for charged or polar groups to pass The interior of the bilayer is solid-like preventing anything from passing through The exterior of the bilayer is too charged for any solute to get close The exterior of the bilayer is too hydrophobic for any charged or polar group to get close c. d. e.
Solution
The phospholipids in the plasma membranes are arranged in two layers, called a phospholipid bilayer. Each phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails. The head is hydrophilic, that is, it loves water and points outward. The tails are hydrophobic and these water hating tails are on the interior of the membrane.
Molecules that are hydrophobic can easily pass through the plasma membrane because they are water hating like the interior of the cell. Charged or polar groups acts as hydrophilic substances so they do not pass through the plasma membrane because they are water loving like the exterior of the membrane. So they are excluded from the interior of the membrane.
So option (b) is correct .
.
how would a police department exhibit different structure and procedur.docx
how would a police department exhibit different structure and procedures under the crime control model than it would under the due process model?
Solution
Two models of crime: the due process model and the crime control model posses their own advantages and disadvantages
Due process model provides an each and every people have equal rights and they cannot be underprivileged of life, liberty, or property without proper legal procedures. When people are arrested due to a crime then also they have their own rights such that they does not harm anyone and it is facilitated by Due process model.
There are various dissimilarities in-between the due process model and the crime control model:
The due process model thinks that people who are arrested by means of any event there ma be a chance that particular person doesnot do it anything and somebody involve him in this case. So he will be protected until it was proven and statement should be given by the court. Where as the Crime Control Model Process states tha the person who was arrested is right person who has done all those crimes so that particular person must be punished accordingly with respect to the safty of the remaining public.
Crime control system believes that if it had done by maintaining the Due process it will take long l
But the due process has equal rights to all the people because in some situations the people who did not do the crime also has a chance that somebody involve them into this crime. So we have to give chance to prove themselves that they are not accused so generally the court fallowes the due process model that says that every one are equal before the law.
.
How to do web application testing on a website checking it-'s (Functio.docx
How to do web application testing on a website checking it\'s (Functionality, Interface Usability, Compatibility, Performance and Security testing ) using tables in word document or excel sheet?
Solution
Web Testing in simple terms is checking your web application for potential bugs before its made live or before code is moved into the production environment.
During this stage issues such as that of web application security, the functioning of the site, its access to handicapped as well as regular users and its ability to handle traffic is checked.
1. Functionality Testing
In testing the functionality of the web sites the following should be tested:
• Links
i. Internal Links
ii. External Links
iii. Mail Links
iv. Broken Links
• Forms
i. Field validation
ii. Error message for wrong input
iii. Optional and Mandatory fields
• Database
* Testing will be done on the database integrity.
• Cookies
* Testing will be done on the client system side, on the temporary Internet files.
2. Usability testing
3.Interface Testing
4.Database Testing
5. Compatibility testing
6.Performance Testing
7. Security testing
8.Crowd Testing
.
How to make a Mic 1 L2 instruction set that takes in user input throug.docx
How to make a Mic 1 L2 instruction set that takes in user input through a Mic1 simulator for both multiply and divide and give out the answer and the divide include both output and any remainder.
Solution
.main //taking inputs for performing multiplication //for taking first input for multiplication IN // request character input from memory DUP // duplicate top of stack (inputed char) for comparing BIPUSH 0x0 // push 0x0 for comparison //for taking second input for multiplication IN // request character input from memory DUP // duplicate top of stack (inputed char) for comparing BIPUSH 0x0 // push 0x0 for comparison //for multiplying IMULT //output of multiplication OUT //taking inputs for performing division //for taking first input for division IN // request character input from memory DUP // duplicate top of stack (inputed char) for comparing BIPUSH 0x0 // push 0x0 for comparison //for taking second input for division IN // request character input from memory DUP // duplicate top of stack (inputed char) for comparing BIPUSH 0x0 // push 0x0 for comparison //for multiplying IDIVI //output of division i.e, quotient OUT //output of division i.e, remainder OUT DONE: HALT .end-main
.
HOW they got -1-78 ----------------- Assignment Brief Day 1- They-'ve.docx
HOW they got -1.78 ?????????????????
Assignment Brief Day 1: They\'ve left me\' Melanie, gasps to herself as she lies prone in the rust. Whilst out collecting rock samples with her colleagues a sudden Martian storm blew over the landing ground. Melanie was struck by a piece of flying debris and rendered unconscious without any means of communicating with her colleagues. Her c????? es were forced to leave the planet, believing Melanie to have perished. This is just like that bloody film starring Matt Damon\', Melanie thought to herself as she sat upright. Well I may as well get to growing potatoes in my own waste and producing water from left over jet fuel...\' Melanie resolved to forget the whole unpleasant experience of being left for dead on Mars whilst she ran combustion calculations in the hope of generating drinking water. Hydrazine (N2H4) is a fuel that undergoes chemical reactions to split into nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2) through several processes. The liberated Hydrogen gas may then be reacted with oxygen to produce water. Melanie creates a device to receive a mixture with molar analysis 3/11 N2 and 8/11 H2 at 298 [K] and i atmosphere. This combination is then mixed with x (110-150) %] theoretical air from the habitat. The relevant thermodynamic properties are found from Melanie\'s computer, she assumes a constant heat capacity for all species (Table 1):
Solution
Solution:
There is error in that equation it is not 1.78 but it is 1.68 as shown below,
1.91 - 0.273(100%/120%) = 1.6825 = 1.68
so change it to 1.68
.
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