The document discusses various digital divides caused by socioeconomic, infrastructure, content, universal access, gender, and skills factors. These digital divides impact forms of capital like social capital by restricting people's ability to network; knowledge capital by limiting access to information and skills development; and human capital by reducing populations' collective skills, knowledge, and abilities. Addressing digital divides could help maximize these different types of capital within and between countries.
The Social Capital Effects: Resources, Tie Strength, & Digital Divides Wenhong Chen
More than 20 percent of Americans still have no access to the Internet. How to get them connected is critical to narrowing the digital divides. Drawing on a two-wave national panel dataset, this paper examines the implications of social capital for Internet access and use. Results demonstrate social capital facilitates Internet access and use. In particularly, resource-rich bonding social capital helps overcome the digital divides both in access, general use, and online communication. Before the Internet can revitalize social capital, there must be the right social capital in place to close the digital divides. Highlighting the effect of social connectivity on digital connectivity, the findings have important implications for policymakers and practitioners.
Presentation held by Mr.Goran Mitreski as a part of the Digital Divide Session at the 8th SEEITA and 7th MASIT Open Days Conference, 14th-15th October, 2010
This powerpoint is a project we had to do on Digital Divide. :) Enjoy! btw, credit the works
By: Megan, Noah and Jessendra
do not copyright
you will be punished
:D
The differences of hv's and havenot's incase of ICT is called digital divide. The presentation focuses on digital divide in education. The concept explained with facts available on the net. The facts are included and referred in the show. The purpose of the presentation is pure academic and not commercial. the citation has been given. Concept of digital divide, global facts of digital divide with special reference to India, reasons behind digital divide and solutions of it has been mentioned in the presentation
A presentation about definition, extent and reasons for digital divide, impact of the web and attempts to bridge the digital divide. I gave this speech in my ESL class at Portland State University in December 2008
The Social Capital Effects: Resources, Tie Strength, & Digital Divides Wenhong Chen
More than 20 percent of Americans still have no access to the Internet. How to get them connected is critical to narrowing the digital divides. Drawing on a two-wave national panel dataset, this paper examines the implications of social capital for Internet access and use. Results demonstrate social capital facilitates Internet access and use. In particularly, resource-rich bonding social capital helps overcome the digital divides both in access, general use, and online communication. Before the Internet can revitalize social capital, there must be the right social capital in place to close the digital divides. Highlighting the effect of social connectivity on digital connectivity, the findings have important implications for policymakers and practitioners.
Presentation held by Mr.Goran Mitreski as a part of the Digital Divide Session at the 8th SEEITA and 7th MASIT Open Days Conference, 14th-15th October, 2010
This powerpoint is a project we had to do on Digital Divide. :) Enjoy! btw, credit the works
By: Megan, Noah and Jessendra
do not copyright
you will be punished
:D
The differences of hv's and havenot's incase of ICT is called digital divide. The presentation focuses on digital divide in education. The concept explained with facts available on the net. The facts are included and referred in the show. The purpose of the presentation is pure academic and not commercial. the citation has been given. Concept of digital divide, global facts of digital divide with special reference to India, reasons behind digital divide and solutions of it has been mentioned in the presentation
A presentation about definition, extent and reasons for digital divide, impact of the web and attempts to bridge the digital divide. I gave this speech in my ESL class at Portland State University in December 2008
Definition Of Digital Divide Definition Essay
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Digital Divide The Factors, Developments and SuggestionsBeth Schoren
The Factors of Who, Where & What
With New Commitments Developing &
Suggestions for Achievement that Meet Four United Nations Goals on Sustainability Target Date 2030
Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
Introduction:
This theory is concerned mainly with “information” and “knowledge” and emphasizes that knowledge is not distributed equally throughout society.
There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
UCL Press Chapter Title Inequality Book Title.docxouldparis
UCL Press
Chapter Title: Inequality
Book Title: How the World Changed Social Media
Book Author(s): Daniel Miller, Elisabetta Costa, Nell Haynes, Tom McDonald, Razvan
Nicolescu, Jolynna Sinanan, Juliano Spyer, Shriram Venkatraman and Xinyuan Wang
Published by: UCL Press. (2016)
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1g69z35.16
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128
9
Inequality
As one might expect, there is a considerable interest in the capacity of the
internet and social media to produce large- scale social change. Yet the
question as to whether internet access and social media have improved
the plight of the world’s most disadvantaged populations or have rather
exacerbated inequalities continues and is far from resolved. As previous
chapters have pointed out, social media has had an important impact
on education, work and gender relations, all of which are major com-
ponents of this wider question. Several of our field sites represent low
income and disadvantaged populations. Here we examine the ways in
which social media may impact on people who do not have easy access
to digital resources, and how their use may be a mode of change – or,
conversely, how it may sustain their current social positions.
The number of people using digital communication has increased
dramatically since the launch of commercial access to the internet in the
mid- 1990s. And it is not just the rich, cosmopolitan and educated; the
current combination of mobile technology and social media has created
a strong interest among various socially underprivileged populations,
including illiterate or semi- literate people, low- wage manual migrant
workers and migrants in places such as China, India and Brazil.1
As with all the chapters of this book the evidence will be presented
from our long- term ethnographic engagement with nine different popu-
lations. We see that in each place inequality exists and is expressed in
different ways, depending upon historical processes and current polit-
ical and social structures. Drawing comparisons, ther ...
Second-level Digital Divide and experiences of Schools and TeachersLiwayway Memije-Cruz
The second-level digital divide, is referred to as the production gap, and it describes the gap that separates the consumers of content on the Internet from the producers of content.
Running Head ADULT LITERACY1ADULT LITERACY7.docxSUBHI7
Running Head: ADULT LITERACY 1
ADULT LITERACY 7
ADULT LITERACY
Name: Tina Lewis
Course: Gen 499/ General Education Capstone
Instructor: Daniel Kreutzer
Date: December 18, 2017
Introduction
Government assistance programs are not the solution to help with the United States financial crisis. In the world of technology, adult literacy can improve the financial gap between classes, while illiteracy negatively affects our society by placing countries in further financial difficulty. A grown-up is always categorized as educated with relation to his or her capacity to complete deeds that are similarly errand related and additional abilities related. The aptitudes related grouping contains a grown-up's capacity to viably read content, and furthermore, which contains word-level ID similarly and a predominant level proficiency gifts. Acing abilities related deeds are necessary to be capable of ending assignment based deeds. Three sorts of proficiency that are measured are instruction based education, societal education, and also one's literacy. The motivation behind this exploration stances to deliver how to distinguish the reasons for grown-up illiteracy, clarify how it influences the general public and giving measurable data demonstrating the level of individuals influenced by this, lastly offering answers for this subject.
Thesis
Illiteracy impacts are mostly felt in country’s system of finance. Grown-up literacy charges a country’s economy a projected sum of $240 billion a year in misdirected industrial inefficiency, unrealized tax profits, misconducts, unavailability, and coupled social ills. Illiteracy also stimulates the over-all health of the country. A projected amount of twenty-three percent of the adult community in America is functionally uneducated (stage 1 according to the countrywide mature Literacy review), lacking essential proficiencies further than a fifth-grade reading level. Illiteracy is extensive, a problem across our global society, not limited to one race, region, or socioeconomic class (Fernandez, 2012).
The absence of education has a huge effect on the monetary framework too. Grown-up lack of education costs the economy an expected measure of $240 billion a year in lost modern proficiency, hidden assessment benefits, wrongdoing, deficiency, and associated social ills. Lack of education additionally impacts the general strength of the country. An expected measure of twenty-three percent of the grown-up group in America is practically uneducated (stage1 as per the countrywide develop Literacy survey), lacking fundamental proficiencies more remote than a fifth-grade perusing level. Absence of education is broad, an issue over our worldwide society, not restricted to one race, locale, or financial class
Administrations and financiers are concerned in quantifying the abilities possessed by their populations for them to check on how well-found to fit in the government’s modern knowledge-related ...
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
2. VARIOUS DIGITAL DIVIDES:
Socio-economic divide
Divide in infrastructure
Divide in content
Universal Access divide
Gender divide
Skills divide
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIVIDE
The initial problem surrounding access is that of the ability to access
data and information through the use of digital devices. The above
stated problem surrounding access is known as the ‘digital divide’.
The above stated divide is often affiliated with socio-economic factors,
similar to the gap between developed countries and developing
countries. The differences between countries that are classified as
developing and developed extend to internet use. Countries that are
regarded as developed countries will have a larger ratio of the public
that has access to the internet, while those countries that are regarded
as developing have a much smaller ratio of the public that has access to
the internet.
4. DIVIDE IN INFRASTRUCTURE
The classification of a country, in regards to whether or not a country is
regarded as developed or developing, does not just apply to the socio-
economic divide, but also to the infrastructure divide. The infrastructure
within a developed country is significantly greater than the
infrastructure within a developing country. An example of this is the
dispersion of electricity throughout a country. The dispersion of
electricity within a a developing country is dismal in comparison to that
dispersion of electricity within a developed country.
5. DIVIDE IN CONTENT
Although there is an exorbitant amount of content on the internet. The
problem remains in the fact that majority of the content that is available
is primarily in English. Over the years there has been a rise in content
available that isn’t in English, however English content is still the most
prominent.
6. UNIVERSAL ACCESS DIVIDE
People who suffer from some sort of physical disability are usually
disenfranchised when it comes to access. This isn’t due to their lack of
skills, but rather due to the hardware and software put to use and
available. Moreover, the expense of the hardware and software is
outrageous.
7. GENDER DIVIDE
There is a significant internet gender gap within developing countries.
This significant gap is detrimental to those girls and women that are
denied access to the internet within those developing countries. The
internet has allowed its users to extend their knowledge and due to
women’s lack of access, they don’t have the opportunity to extend their
knowledge, thus giving them a disadvantage to men who do have
access in developing countries. There opportunities include access to
educational opportunities, access to support communities and access
to potential career opportunities.
8. SKILLS DIVIDE
It is all well and good having access to the internet, however once you
have obtained such access, you require the skills with which to utilize
the opportunity. Although accessibility has been steadily increasing,
skills have not necessarily increased as the same rate as the accessibility
has.
9. SOCIAL CAPITAL
Social Capital are the people that we know or the social networks in which we live and the main
idea reason for this being referred to as social capital is because as a network you will be able to
achieve more than an individual would.
The Socio-economic divide has an impact on social capital because for a person to create the above stated
network, they will require access to the internet.
The Divide in infrastructure will effect social capital because if the infrastructure is poor the population wont
have the needed access to the internet and therefore will be unable to create ties with members from another
town or even overseas.
The Divide in content will have an impact on social capital because when there is a restriction on the various
content that is available on the internet, it prevents people who speak other languages from being able to gain
knowledge from content that isn't in their own language. This prevents people from being able to network with
people who speak a foreign language.
The Universal Access divide will have an effect on social capital because throughout the world, millions of
people are restricted when it comes to their access to the internet which prevents them from networking on an
international level.
The Gender divide will have an impact on social capital because women are restricted, which means that men
are able to create larger networks in comparison to women, which leaves women with a much smaller network
because of the restrictions placed upon them, due to their gender.
The Skills divide will have an effect on social capital because for a person to network and they have access to
the internet, they still need the skills to use the internet, which will allow them to network.
10. KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL
Knowledge capital, which is also referred to as intellectual capital, is the intangible asset that represents
beneficial ideas, thoughts, processes and various perceptive talents that pertain to a company or
organization.
The Socio-economic Divide has an effect on knowledge capital because citizens within a developed
country will have a vast knowledge in comparison to citizens that reside in a developing country based
on their access to the internet or even books.
The Divide in infrastructure will have an effect on knowledge capital because a poor infrastructure will
prevent people from expanding their knowledge and their skills.
The Divide in content will have an impact on knowledge capital because there is limited content within
a specific language which will limit the potential knowledge that could be attained.
The Universal Access divide will have an effect on knowledge capital because due to the limitations
worldwide in regards to the internet will prevent the extension of knowledge.
The Gender divide will have an impact on knowledge capital because women are limited which means
that the knowledge that they could potentially obtain is restricted and therefore the useful knowledge
that women could potentially provide isn't available.
The Skills divide will have an effect on knowledge capital because people that have access to the
internet are able to expand their knowledge and skills, however they first need to have the required
skills to navigate the internet.
11. HUMAN CAPITAL
Human capital comprises of all the knowledge, various skills, special talents, diverse abilities, experience,
intellectual ability, intelligence and wisdom that is possessed individual and collectively within a population. These
assets or resources are the total capacity of the people within the general population, these assets or resources
represent a form of wealth and this wealth can be coordinated to achieve the goals of the country or a state or a
specific portion thereof.
The Socio-economic divide will have an impact on human capital because countries classified as developing
will have less access to the internet than a developed country, therefore people that live within a developing
country will have less access to the internet, having a negative effect on human capital.
The Divide in infrastructure will have an effect on human capital because there may only be a few specific
locations that will allow access to the internet because of the poor infrastructure, therefore restricting human
capital.
The Divide in content will have an impact on human capital because the limited content within a specific
language will restrict the so called ‘wealth’ of human capital.
The Universal Access divide will have an effect on human capital because the access divide limits the spread of
information and knowledge, having an effect on human capital.
The Gender divide will have an impact on human capital because women are usually placed at a massive
disadvantage because of their gender, which may restrict human capital.
The Skills divide will have an effect on human capital because there may be a large divide in various skills
within a population.