This document defines over 50 key terms related to weather and climate, including:
- Absolute humidity, which is the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air.
- Air masses, which are large bodies of air with similar temperature and humidity characteristics.
- Climate, which is the average weather condition at a particular place over a period of time.
- Fronts, such as cold fronts and warm fronts, which are the leading edges of air masses with different temperatures.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.3 WEATHER PROCESS...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.3 Weather Processes and Phenomena, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
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A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.2 The Global Energy Budget, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.3 WEATHER PROCESS...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.3 Weather Processes and Phenomena, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.2 THE GLOBAL ENER...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.2 The Global Energy Budget, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
deals with temperature, density, pressure, winds and humidity parameters of the atmosphere; Prssure gradient force, coriolis force, gravity force and friction force and winds and currents, ; pressure lows and highs, atmospheric circulation, winds.
HUMIDITY
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
DEW POINT
DEW, FROST
CLOUDS AND FOG
CLOUDS FORMATION
CLASSIFICATION OF CLOUDS
PRECIPITATION
THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
AIR MASSES
CLASSIFICATIONS OF AIR MASSES
AIR MASSES THAT MOST AFFECT WEATHER
FRONTS
FOUR TYPES OF FRONT
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.1 LOCAL ENERGY BU...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.1 Local Energy Budgets, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
deals with temperature, density, pressure, winds and humidity parameters of the atmosphere; Prssure gradient force, coriolis force, gravity force and friction force and winds and currents, ; pressure lows and highs, atmospheric circulation, winds.
HUMIDITY
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
DEW POINT
DEW, FROST
CLOUDS AND FOG
CLOUDS FORMATION
CLASSIFICATION OF CLOUDS
PRECIPITATION
THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
AIR MASSES
CLASSIFICATIONS OF AIR MASSES
AIR MASSES THAT MOST AFFECT WEATHER
FRONTS
FOUR TYPES OF FRONT
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.1 LOCAL ENERGY BU...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.1 Local Energy Budgets, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
DID YOU KNOWAs you might expect, the most humid cities in the U.docxduketjoy27252
DID YOU KNOW?
As you might expect, the most humid cities in the United States are located near the ocean in regions that experience frequent onshore breezes.The record belongs to Quiilayute, Washington, with an average relative humidity of 83 percent. However, many coastal cities in Oregon,Texas, Louisiana, and Florida also have average relative humidities that exceed 75 percent. Coastal cities in the Northeast tend to be somewhat less humid because they often experience air masses that originate over the drier, continental interior.
A different type of hygrometer is used in remote-sensing instrument packages such as radiosondes that transmit upper-air observations back to ground stations. The electric hygrometer contains an electrical conductor coated with a moisture-absorbing chemical. It works on the principle that the passage of current varies as the relative humidity varies.
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•-it Earth's Dynamic Atmosphere sIWSe Moisture and Cloud Formation
Up to this point, we have considered basic properties of water vapor and how its variability is measured. This section examines some of the important roles that water vapor plays in weather, especially in the formation of clouds.
Fog and Dew versus Cloud Formation
Recall that condensation occurs when water vapor changes to a liquid. Condensation may form dew, fog, or clouds. Although these three forms are different, all require that air reach saturation. As indicated earlier, saturation occurs either when sufficient water vapor is added to the air or, more commonly, when the air is cooled to its dew point.
Near Earth's surface, heat is readily exchanged between the ground and the air above. During evening hours, the surface radiates heat away, and the surface and adjacent air cool rapidly. This "radiation cooling" accounts for the formation of dew and some types of fog. Thus, surface cooling that occurs after sunset accounts for some condensation. However, cloud formation often takes place during the warmest part of the day. Some other mechanism must operate aloft that cools air sufficiently to generate clouds.
Adiabatic Temperature Changes
The process that is responsible for most cloud formation is easily demonstrated if you have ever pumped up a bicycle tire and noticed that the pump barrel became quite warm. The heat you felt was the consequence of the work you did on the air to compress it. When energy is used to compress air, the motion of the gas molecules increases and, therefore, the temperature of the air rises. Conversely, air that is allowed to escape from a bicycle tire expands and cools because the expanding air pushes (does work on) the surrounding air and must cool by an amount equivalent to the energy expended.
You have probably experienced the cooling effect of a propellant gas expanding as you applied hair spray or spray deodorant. As the compressed gas in the aerosol can is released, it quickly expands and cools. This drop in temperature occurs even though he.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. KEY TERMS I WEATHER A D CLIMATE
Taken from
Geography in Focus
Geography: An Integrated Approach
Absolute Humidity: is the mass of water vapour in a given volume of air
measured in grams per cubic metre (g/cu m).
Air Mass: a large body of air that has similar temperature and humidity
characteristics. Air masses are described according to their place of origin, e.g.
Polar maritime.
Air pressure: the weight of the air at the Earth’s surface.
Albedo: the degree of reflection from an object or surface. Fresh snow reflects
most incoming solar radiation and therefore has a high albedo.
Anabatic Wind: an upvalley wind caused by the convection of relatively warm
air.
Anticyclone: an area of high pressure in which air tends to sink and diverge (at
low altitudes)
Climate: the average weather condition at a particular place over a period of time.
Cold Front: the leading edge of relatively cold air in a depression or cyclone.
Comfort Zone: the range of temperature, humidity (and in some places, wind
speed) within which people feel comfortable.
Condensation: the conversion of water vapour (gas) to water (liquid) – it occurs
when there is a sufficient fall in temperature.
Condensation level: the altitude at which water vapour starts to condense.
Conditional instability: the condition in which air is stable at low altitudes but
may become unstable if forced to rise above the condensation level.
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2. Convectional precipitation: precipitation caused when relatively warm
convection currents of air rise and cool – causing water vapour to condense.
Coriolis Force: the effect caused by the Earth’s rotation on its axis of deflecting
air flows to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern
Hemisphere.
Cyclone: (or depression or low) – an area of converging, rising air with low
atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface.
Depression: an area of low pressure in which air tends to converge (at low
altitudes) and rise.
Dew point: the temperature at which water vapour condenses.
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate: (DALR) The rate at which unsaturated air cools when
it rises (or warms when it subsides).
E SO (El ino Southern Oscillation): the name given by scientists to the
reversal of normal Pacific Ocean wind and pressure systems. Off the coast of Peru,
an ENSO event is marked by an increase in sea surface temperatures.
Environmental Lapse Rate: (ELR) the rate at which temperature falls with
increased height.
Flip-Flop: the switch from one climate state to another e.g. warm to cold, or cold
to warm.
Fog: water droplets that have condensed at ground level, reducing visibility to less
than 1 km.
Frost Hollow: a valley or depression where frost is more likely than on higher
slopes.
Greenhouse effect: the warming blanket effect of atmosphere gases such as water
vapour and carbon dioxide.
Greenhouse gas: an atmospheric gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, which
allows short wave solar radiation to reach the Earth’s surface but then absorbs and
retains long wave radiation (heat energy) from the surface.
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3. Inversion: a rise in temperature with increased altitude – the reverse of normal
conditions.
Isobar: a line on a weather chart joining points of equal air pressure.
Jet Stream: a concentrated fast flowing air flow in the upper troposphere.
Katabatic Wind: a downvalley wind caused by the sinking of relatively cold,
dense air.
Latent Heat: is the amount of heat energy needed to change the state of a
substance without affecting its temperature.
Meteorology: the study of atmospheric phenomena, it includes the study of both
weather and climate (climatology).
Microclimate: a distinct pattern of climatic condition that occurs in relatively
small area.
Monsoon: the seasonal reversal of winds and pressure systems in Central Asia and
the Indian Ocean.
Orographic or relief precipitation: precipitation caused when an air flow is
forced to rise over high ground.
Pressure gradient: the change in air pressure between two points. A steep gradient
is shown on a weather chart by closely drawn isobars and indicates strong winds.
Prevailing winds: the wind direction that is most frequent.
Rain Shadow: an area of relatively low precipitation on the leeward or sheltered
side of high ground.
Relative Humidity: the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour held in air to
the maximum amount of water vapour that could be held if the air is saturated
(expressed as a percentage).
Rossby wave: wave-like pattern of winds in the upper troposphere.
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4. Saturated air: air that is holding the maximum possible quantity of water vapour
(at a given temperature).
Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate: (SALR) the rate at which saturated air cools
when it rises (or warms when it subsides).
Sea breeze: a wind that blows onshore during the day.
Stable conditions: the air has no tendency to rise (because it is the same
temperature or cooler than surrounding air).
Sublimation: is when water vapour condenses directly into ice crystals without
passing through the liquid state.
Tornado: a powerful rotating wind system that can be very destructive.
Tropical Cyclone: or hurricane or typhoon – a destructive weather system with
spiralling winds at speeds over 120km/h, heavy rain and sometimes causing a
storm surge.
Tropopause: the upper boundary of the troposphere
Troposphere: the lowest layer of the atmosphere within which most weather
occurs.
Unstable conditions: the air has a tendency to rise (because it is warmer than the
surrounding air).
Urban Heat Island: an urban area where the temperature is higher than the
surrounding region.
Warm Front: the leading edge of relatively warm air in a depression.
Weather: the state of the atmosphere at any one time, for example temperature,
precipitation, wind and cloud cover.
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