A complete description of including circuit diagram, gain equation, features of Instrumentational amplifier , its working principle, applications, practical circuits, Proteus simulation and conclusion.
Uet, Peshawar Pakistan
Batch-06
A complete description of including circuit diagram, gain equation, features of Instrumentational amplifier , its working principle, applications, practical circuits, Proteus simulation and conclusion.
Uet, Peshawar Pakistan
Batch-06
A presentation by Arsalan Qureshi student of Dawood University Of Engineering And Technology. Roll No: D-16-TE-09. This Presentation Is about op amp and its properties of integrator and differentiator.
Design and Analysis of CMOS Instrumentation AmplifierIJEEE
This paper presents the design and analysis of CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier in terms of gainas a performance metric. CMOSInstrumentation Amplifier has been designed using three Operational Amplifiers. Two basic op-amps have been used at the input stage and the output stage have been analysed for three different configurations. These configurations are: basic op-amp, body bias op-amp and folded cascode op-amp. A comparison has been drawn for all the three configurations.Most of the previous work has been done usingthe same type of op-amp at both the input and output stages of instrumentation amplifier. To obtain the desirableGain, focus has been laid upon transistor sizing for designing. The design models have been implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18µm CMOS technology.The simulations have been analysed in detail. A significant gain improvement has been observed in the circuit design with body bias and folded cascode as compared to the basic cascade design.
High Gain, Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifier Using Three Operational Amplif...IJEEE
This paper investigate the performance ofInstrumentation amplifier (INA) using three operationalAmplifier. The proposed circuit works for low input voltageequalised to the heart beat of the human being to analyses theECG (Biomedical application) response. The analyses ofGain, Bandwidth, Unity GBW, Phase margin and outputnoise for operational amplifier used in INA and For the INAGain, Bandwidth, output noise and power Dissipation areanalysed. The proposed circuit designed on UMC 180nmCMOS technology file and all the simulation done onCADENCE SPECTRE Simulator.
This presentation contains the basics of oscillators, types of oscillators & its mathematical Analysis. Numericals based on each type of oscillator are solved & given for practice.
Block diagram of a typical op-amp – characteristics of ideal and practical op-amp - parameters of opamp – inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations - frequency response - circuit stability.
A presentation by Arsalan Qureshi student of Dawood University Of Engineering And Technology. Roll No: D-16-TE-09. This Presentation Is about op amp and its properties of integrator and differentiator.
Design and Analysis of CMOS Instrumentation AmplifierIJEEE
This paper presents the design and analysis of CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier in terms of gainas a performance metric. CMOSInstrumentation Amplifier has been designed using three Operational Amplifiers. Two basic op-amps have been used at the input stage and the output stage have been analysed for three different configurations. These configurations are: basic op-amp, body bias op-amp and folded cascode op-amp. A comparison has been drawn for all the three configurations.Most of the previous work has been done usingthe same type of op-amp at both the input and output stages of instrumentation amplifier. To obtain the desirableGain, focus has been laid upon transistor sizing for designing. The design models have been implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18µm CMOS technology.The simulations have been analysed in detail. A significant gain improvement has been observed in the circuit design with body bias and folded cascode as compared to the basic cascade design.
High Gain, Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifier Using Three Operational Amplif...IJEEE
This paper investigate the performance ofInstrumentation amplifier (INA) using three operationalAmplifier. The proposed circuit works for low input voltageequalised to the heart beat of the human being to analyses theECG (Biomedical application) response. The analyses ofGain, Bandwidth, Unity GBW, Phase margin and outputnoise for operational amplifier used in INA and For the INAGain, Bandwidth, output noise and power Dissipation areanalysed. The proposed circuit designed on UMC 180nmCMOS technology file and all the simulation done onCADENCE SPECTRE Simulator.
This presentation contains the basics of oscillators, types of oscillators & its mathematical Analysis. Numericals based on each type of oscillator are solved & given for practice.
Block diagram of a typical op-amp – characteristics of ideal and practical op-amp - parameters of opamp – inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations - frequency response - circuit stability.
Design of Ota-C Filter for Biomedical ApplicationsIOSR Journals
Abstract-This paper presents design of operational transconductance amplifier is to amplify the ECG signal
having low frequency of 300Hz, with the supply voltage of 0.8v. To reduce the power dissipation of 779nW, by
using fifth order low pass filter. The OTA-C filter is to eliminate noise voltage and increases the reliability of
the system. A chip is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process is simulated and measured to validate the system
performance using HSPICE.
Negitive Feedback in Analog IC Design 02 April 2020 Javed G S, PhD
The webinar discusses the topics of negative feedback and its importance across the Analog IC design spectrum. In the talk, we discuss about the variations of feedback (Shunt and Series combinations) and their usage. It has applications in many control circuit design for power management, reference designs, regulator design, noise reduction in the system, gain desensitization and PLL design among many other systems.
And the end of the talk, the audience is expected to understand the need for the feedback and its applications
Design of Low Power & High Speed Comparator with 0.18μm Technology for ADC Ap...IJERA Editor
In Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), high speed comparator influences the overall performance of ADC directly. This paper presents the high speed & low power design of a CMOS comparator. Schematic design of this comparator is fabricated in a 0.18μm UMC Technology with 1.8V power supply and simulated in cadence Virtuoso. Simulation results are presented and it shows that this design can work under high speed of 0.8108 GHz. The design has a low offset voltage, low power dissipation 108.0318μw. In addition we have verified present results with schematic view design and also compared these results with earlier reported work and got improvement in this reported work.
Ece 523 project – fully differential two stage telescopic op ampKarthik Rathinavel
• Designed a two stage op-amp with first stage as a telescopic amplifier and second stage being a common source, in Cadence.
• Simulated the loop characteristics of the amplifier to have atleast 100 MHz Unity Gain Bandwidth, 65 dB gain and 60º phase margin (both differential loop and Common Mode) for three temperature (27,-40,100) corners.
• Extracted the layout of the design in Virtuoso (after passing DRC an LVS) and simulated the differential loop performances of the extracted netlist.
• Designed a third order Butterworth filter with 100 KHz corner frequency using the op-amp.
This paper presents the design of folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). This
design has been implemented in 0.18um CMOS Technology using Cadence. Spectre simulation shows
that the OTA has flat gain of 47dB from 1Hz to 100 KHz frequency, indicating stability of OTA, noise
ranges as 22.49769nV/ at 10Hz to 66.89128fV/ at 1MHz and average power as 0.770mW. In
this paper, we will be studying the design concepts, analysis of operational transconductance amplifier
which is used for recording the bio signals. This paper plays a key role in real time applications for
equipment designing of ECG, EEG, EMG, ENG devices. It is also used in recording and also for
treatment of Paralysis, Epilepsy, Neuro diseases etc.,
Common emitter amplifier by YEASIN NEWAJYeasinNewaj
This slide has been created for students who are studying electrical engineering and who want to gain knowledge of basic electronics. The topic is COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER OF BJT
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GenAISummit 2024 May 28 Sri Ambati Keynote: AGI Belongs to The Community in O...
Kevin Glass Doctoral Qualifying Exam
1. Low Current ElectrochemicalLow Current Electrochemical
Measurement for BiotechnolgyMeasurement for Biotechnolgy
ApplicationsApplications
Kevin W. GlassKevin W. Glass
Advisor: Dr. AlleeAdvisor: Dr. Allee
Co-Advisor: Dr. SongCo-Advisor: Dr. Song
2. AgendaAgenda
Electrochemical Measurement BasicsElectrochemical Measurement Basics
Example Low Current MeasurementExample Low Current Measurement
SystemsSystems
A/D Converter SelectionA/D Converter Selection
Opamp SelectionOpamp Selection
Review of Current Opamp DesignsReview of Current Opamp Designs
SummarySummary
4. Three Terminal Electrochemical Cell with PotentiostatThree Terminal Electrochemical Cell with Potentiostat
for Current Measurement [3].for Current Measurement [3].
Counter/
Counter/
9. System Diagrams of Potentiostat Chip Set Designed at Stanford.
Left - Top level systems diagram of the electrochemical analysis system [11].
Right – More detailed top level diagram of the potentiostat [12].
10. Switch implementation approaches.
Left – Conventional nMOS transfer gate switch [10].
Right – Low junction leakage alternative. pMOS used with
n well tied to reference supply (Gnd) to Vcc/Vss.
Inputs to be measured are maintained very close to Gnd,
so the voltage from p+ source/drain to n well is ~0V with negligible leakage
11. Block Diagram of A/D converter integrator.
Switches with dashes are low junction leakage
p channels with n wells connected to gnd [10].
Iin = (T2 / T1 ) Iref
12. Left – Top level conceptual schematic of offset cancellation for dual input
opamp [10].
Right – Circuit implementation of dual input opamp with
dedicated offset cancellation input [11].
14. Burr Brown Precision Switched Integrator Transimpedance Amplifier.
This can be used as a building block for an integrating A/D converter [13]
15. IC1
is a self-contained transimpedance amplifier with an internal feedback capacitor, a hold switch,
a reset switch, and a precision op amp (laser trimmed to compensate for offset and drift errors).
This amplifier forms the input block for along with the 30-pF internal capacitor
This capacitance, along with the integration time set by the 555 timer, scales the
I/V output by the transfer equation, Vout=-Iin*Integration Time/Feedback Capacitance=-50mV/pA
Burr Brown Picoammeter Reference Design Board
17. A/D Converted SelectionA/D Converted Selection
Desired goal was to have a converter with 16 bits resolution. The application
frequency range is very low, so conversion speed is not an issue. Low noise is a
major issue since our goal is to measure currents possibly as low as 1pA, and if
possible, 0.1pA
Typical resistive ladder, ratioed capacitor, or cyclic converters did not meet the
requirements because of resolution limitations from component matching, and noise
issues.
Sigma-Delta converters possibility - employed in some of the prior work reviewed.
Resolution of these types of converters can be very high with large over sampling
ratios. The application of Sigma-Delta converters can have issues for DC
measurements. For signals that are not varying with time, they can develop output
tones or instabilities. A low noise front end amplifier and low pass filter are still
required.
Integrating A/D converters have been used for precision current measurement
instruments, in particular, the dual slope A/D converter. This converter employs a
low noise operational amplifier in an inverting configuration with a capacitor feeding
from the output to the inverting input to form a miller integrator
The integrator in combination with the input signal forms a low pass filter, bandThe integrator in combination with the input signal forms a low pass filter, band
limiting and attenuating higher frequency noise.limiting and attenuating higher frequency noise.
To adjust for different voltage or current ranges, the integration time can be varied.To adjust for different voltage or current ranges, the integration time can be varied.
The lower the current range measured, the longer the integration time. For dualThe lower the current range measured, the longer the integration time. For dual
slope - Iin = (T2 / T1 ) Iref.slope - Iin = (T2 / T1 ) Iref.
Modifications can be made to the dual slope technique to account for opamp offset,Modifications can be made to the dual slope technique to account for opamp offset,
switch charge injection and other non-idealities.switch charge injection and other non-idealities.
Integrating A/D can be viewed as integrate and dump matched filter - SNR=CVIntegrating A/D can be viewed as integrate and dump matched filter - SNR=CV22
/N/N00
18. Left - Basic Auto Zero (AZ) amplifier block diagram [16].
Right - The effect of the AZ process on a first order low-pass filtered
1/f noise having a bandwidth 5 times larger than the sampling frequency [16].
19. High Level Block Diagram of Electrochemical Measurement System
under development at ASU.
21. Opamp SelectionOpamp Selection
2 stage active load – noise from active loads, compensation2 stage active load – noise from active loads, compensation
OTA (e.g. U of Utah) – noise from diode loaded input, lowOTA (e.g. U of Utah) – noise from diode loaded input, low
gain first stagegain first stage
Telescopic – noise from active loads, low output swingTelescopic – noise from active loads, low output swing
Gain Boost – Possible to be added to current designsGain Boost – Possible to be added to current designs
Lateral bipolar inputs - low beta causes high base currents,Lateral bipolar inputs - low beta causes high base currents,
which increases the base thermal noise. Higher 1/f noisewhich increases the base thermal noise. Higher 1/f noise
because of the surface states. No device models existed forbecause of the surface states. No device models existed for
process.process.
Chopper Stabilized – Too much complexity for 1Chopper Stabilized – Too much complexity for 1stst
pass. Willpass. Will
revisit because technically superior.revisit because technically superior.
Decided on folded cascode – high gain in 1 stage.Decided on folded cascode – high gain in 1 stage.
Decided on some new design with resistor loads on input.Decided on some new design with resistor loads on input.
22. Left – Schematic of CMOS opamp using lateral PNP transistors
[19].
Right- Layout of the lateral bipolar PNP input transistor [19].
23. Top – the chopper amplifier principal [16].
Bottom – Waveforms appearing along the chopper amplifier
for a DC input and an amplifier bandwidth limited to twice the
chopper frequency [16].
24. Left – Chopper Modulated white noise at zero frequency as
a function of the original bandwidth [16].
Right- Chopper output PSD for 1/f noise [16].
28. Cadence schematic with device sizes and values for the
self biased folded cascode opamp (selfbfcascode)
29. Gain/Phase simulations of selfbfcascode opamp using testbench actest1a.Gain/Phase simulations of selfbfcascode opamp using testbench actest1a.
Overlaid plots of 7 corners: Nominal, 27Overlaid plots of 7 corners: Nominal, 27oo
C (Vcc=2V, 2.5V,3V); Nominal, 27C (Vcc=2V, 2.5V,3V); Nominal, 27oo
CC
(R=+30%,-30%); Slow, 125(R=+30%,-30%); Slow, 125oo
C; Fast -15C; Fast -15oo
C. Cload=35pF, PM≈60C. Cload=35pF, PM≈60oo
30. Input referred noise voltage squared for selfbfcascode opamp using
testbench actest1a. Kf =6(10)-27 (pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25 (nMOS),
Model Level=11, Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=35pF, PM=60o
.
31. Transient simulation of selfbfcascode opamp using trantest1test bench,
+/- 2.5V input, 1us rise and fall times. Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V
32. Cadence schematic with device sizes and values for the low noise
self biased folded cascode opamp (lnselfbfcascode). IP24=216uA, and
IP3=105uA, IP2=212uA. Nominal process, temperature, and Vcc=2.5V.
33. Cadence schematic with device sizes and node voltages and for the self biased folded
cascode opamp with compensation (selfbfcascodecmp).This is the output of
lnselfbfcascode.This opamp is identical to selfbfcascode in Figure 21, with the addition
of P20 (100u/20u*60) for a comp. cap. IP2=83.4uA, and IP3=IP4=82.0uA,
nominal process and temperature, Vcc=2.5V.
34. Gain/Phase simulations of lnselfbfcascode opamp using testbench actest1a.
Overlaid plots of 7 corners: Nominal, 27o
C (Vcc=2V, 2.5V, 3V); Nominal,
27o
C (R=+30%,-30%); Slow, 125o
C; Fast -15o
C. Cload=30pF, PM≈75o
35. Input referred noise voltage squared for lnselfbfcascode opamp using test
bench actest1a. Kf =6(10)-27 (pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25 (nMOS),
Model Level=11, Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=30pF, PM=75o
36. Transient simulation of lnselfbfcascode opamp using trantest1 test bench.
+/- 2.5V input, 1us rise and fall times. Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V.
Includes internal nodes-vinvplus and vinvminus–output of diff. pair.
37. Cadence schematic with device sizes, values and node voltages for the
high gain - low noise, opamp (hglnopaa). P31 and P26 are used as compensation
capacitors with sizes of (100u/20u*24) and (100u/20u*38) respectively.
IP4=48uA, and IP2=187uA, IN10=19uA, IP6=IP7=111uA, IP51=67uA.
Nominal process, 27o
C, and Vcc=2.5V.
39. System level diagram for common modeSystem level diagram for common mode
feedback circuit for hglnopaa opamp.feedback circuit for hglnopaa opamp.
40. Opamp hglnopaa common mode feedback loop magnitude response.
Overlaid plots with and without capacitor CP44. Simulations using test
bench similar to actest1a. Top blue curve - opamp gain response for reference.
Second from top red curve – Differential input stage gain response.
Third from top – vcommon gain response. Bottom curve - vcmfb gain response.
Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V.
41. Input referred noise voltage for hglnopaa opamp using test bench actest1a.
Kf =6(10)-27
(pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25
(nMOS), Model Level=11,
Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=30pF, PM=90o
.
42. Cadence schematic with device sizes and values for high gain - low noise, opamp with
W for P0 and P1 input transistors increased to 2000u. (hglnopaa2). Compensation
Source follower sizes increased 50% to W=150u for P50 and W=300u for P51.
Associated current increased from 67uA to 100uA. P31 andP26 compensation capacitor
sizes remain the same at (100u/20u*24) and (100u/20u*38) respectively.
43. Input referred noise voltage for hglnopaa2 opamp (W=2000u input transistor)
using test bench actest1a. Kf =6(10)-27
(pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25
(nMOS),
Model Level=11, Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=30pF, PM=90o
.
44. Gain/Phase simulations of hglnoppa2 opamp using test bench actest1a.
Overlaid plots of 9 corners: Nominal, 27o
C, (Vcc=2V, 2.5V, 3V), (R=+30%,-30%);
Slow, 125o
C, Vcc=2.5V; Fast, -25o
C, Vcc=2.5V. Cload=30pF, PM≈65o
.
45. Transient simulation of hglnopaa opamp using trantest1 test bench.
+/- 2.5V input, 1us rise and fall times. Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V.
Includes internal nodes-vinvplus and vinvminus–output of diff. pair.
Also includes internal nodes of common mode feedback circuit – vcmfb,
vdiffbias, and vcommon.
47. Comparison of Opamp Input Referred Noise RelationsComparison of Opamp Input Referred Noise Relations
Self Biased Folded CascodeSelf Biased Folded Cascode
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3)/g={4kT[(4/3)/gmP1mP1)+1/g)+1/gmP3mP3+1/g+1/gmN1mN1]+]+
[(2K[(2KfPfP+3K+3KfNfN)/6000u)/6000u22
CC00](1/f )}∆f (36)](1/f )}∆f (36)
Low Noise Self Biased Folded CascodeLow Noise Self Biased Folded Cascode
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3/g={4kT[(4/3/gmP0LNmP0LN)+(1/g)+(1/g22
mP0LNmP0LNRR11)]+)]+
(K(KfPfP/20000u/20000u22
CC00)(1/f)}∆f (63))(1/f)}∆f (63)
High Gain Low NoiseHigh Gain Low Noise
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3/g={4kT[(4/3/gmP0mP0)+(1/g)+(1/g22
mP0mP0RR11)]+)]+
(K(KfPfP/10000u/10000u22
CC00)(1/f)}∆f (80))(1/f)}∆f (80)
High Gain Low Noise opa2High Gain Low Noise opa2
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3/g={4kT[(4/3/gmP0mP0)+(1/g)+(1/g22
mP0mP0RR11)]+)]+
(K(KfPfP/20000u/20000u22
CC00)(1/f)}∆f)(1/f)}∆f
48. Comaparison of Opamp CharateristicsComaparison of Opamp Charateristics
AV 1dB W PM I In off. In Offset 5%mm In Ref. Noise Volts Noise V @1kHz
CMR
R
PSR
R
dB MHz deg mA uV uV uVrms uV./sqrt(Hz) dB dB
selfbfcascode 95 4.40 55 0.25 0.470 10.2 100 1 85 95
lnselfbfcascode 117 2.25 75 0.78 0.278 11.5 7.12 0.1 86 112
hglnopaa 117 1.74 90 0.55 0.356 7.6 14 0.2 97 107
hglnopaa2 120 1.65 65 0.58 0.258 10.7 6 0.1 97 107
49. Future PlansFuture Plans
Verify Noise ModelVerify Noise Model
Layout opampsLayout opamps
Have Idea for one transistor opamp – exploreHave Idea for one transistor opamp – explore
Design integrating A/DDesign integrating A/D
Layout and tape out test chipLayout and tape out test chip
Look at chopper stabilized amplifier and lock in amplifierLook at chopper stabilized amplifier and lock in amplifier
50. Low noise neural recording amplifier developed at the University of Utah.Low noise neural recording amplifier developed at the University of Utah.
Left schematic shows the top level. Right schematic shows the OTALeft schematic shows the top level. Right schematic shows the OTA
opamp used in the design. Device is fabricated in AMI 1.6um technologyopamp used in the design. Device is fabricated in AMI 1.6um technology
[9].[9].