Trocaire is implementing a 3 year, 3 million Euro drought risk reduction program in Kenya. The program takes an integrated approach to drought preparedness, mitigation, and climate change adaptation. It uses both traditional disaster management tools as well as newer approaches from disaster risk reduction. The program aims to strengthen early warning systems, drought-proof agriculture and water sources, and promote more drought-resistant livelihood strategies. Through participatory processes, the program identifies hazards, vulnerable groups, and builds community capacity to reduce risk and build resilience to drought over the short, medium, and long-term.

1. Trocaire Disaster risk reduction
prog: Drought in Kenya
SCR workshop

2. Trocaire drought programme
 A 3 year livelihoods/DRR prog
 Approx. 3 million Euros
 It has an inbuilt DRR approach
 CC mainstreamed
 Drought is the main hazard

3. Why adopt DRR
 To address disasters through development
programmes
 To combine short, medium and long-term
strategies to deal with disasters
 The development context is changing

4. A world of increasing disaster risk?
Indian Ocean Tsunami
250 000 lives lost Hurricane Katrina
US$200 billion
South Asian Earthquake Famine in Africa
3 million homeless Millions at-risk

5. The growing burden of
disaster losses in poor
countries
Disaster Losses, Total and as Share of GDP, 1985-99
600 20
500
15
Los ses US$ Billion
% GNP (nominal)
400
300 10
Total
200
Ec onomic
5
Losses
100
Losses as
0 0
Share of
GD P
Richest Poorest
Countries Countries

6. Africa – a complex risk profile

7. The most important shift in
international emphasis is:
From To
Managing Managing disaster
disaster events risks
Primary focus on Primary focus on
preparedness and reducing disaster risks
relief developmentally

8. Trocaire DRR in the
field: the tool kit
• Comprises older ‘used tools’
from disaster management
• Includes ‘newer tools’ from
the disaster risk reduction
framework

9. Drought disasters in Kenya
 How Trócaire is responding to drought
through DRR
 12 major drought events in the last 50yrs
 ASALS affected by drought and CC is a
catalyst

10. Bridging scope of DRR in drought-prone areas
Drought prep. & Drought Climate change
response mitigation adaptation
strategies
Short-term Med-long-term Long-term
Classic Developmental Sustainable
„humanitarian risk reduction Development
action‟

11. Drought preparedness, & response
 Aim at strengthening early warning
 Improve readiness measures to respond in the
event of a drought.
 Ensure human capacity for drought response

12. Drought mitigation
A mitigation approach assumes:
 „drought can happen during any season … but
we don‟t know how severe, what extent… or
how long…‟
 So… we „introduce drought-proofing’
measures into agriculture, water, financing,
public services… into all drought sensitive
services/programmes as a developmental
priority…

13. Adaptation to climate change
 long-term programming to reduce dependency
on rain-fed agriculture in drought-exposed areas.
 Creative strategies for improving effectiveness of
existing rainwater harvesting mechanisms.
 Drought risk reduction can help reduce short-
term impacts – but should also aim at building
capacity to adapt to expected climate change
impacts

14. Identification of hazards, risks,
vulnerabilities and capacity
Using the formulae;
Risk=HazardxVulnerability
Capacity

15. & practice of DRR
Taking action to reduce Let‟s looks at 3 Hazards
risks through reducing Malaria, Drought, Floods:
Q. What do we know about the
hazards and vulnerability hazard e.g. cause,
and increasing capacity seasonality, location, impact
etc.?
Q. Who is most vulnerable?
Risk=HazardxVulnerability Why/what makes people
Capacity most vulnerable?
Q. What can de done to reduce
risk?
Q. What can we do as
Trocaire?

16. Planning methodology used
 Participatory Risk Analysis (PRA) and
mapping methodology
 Combines PRA and use of georeferencing
using GPS technology

17. Hazard, vulnerability, capacity,
disaster and risk reduction
Helmet: Increased capacity
Unsafe
conditions to
be avoided
Rat: Vulnerable Trap: The hazard
population

18. In times of drought,
 We protect distress sale of household assets
 We utilize food-for-work/Assets to enhance
drought preparedness through enhancing
community productive and protective
capacities

19. Construction soil & water conservation
structures during drought-
preparedness

20. After the rains

21. Intercropping on terraces

22. Drought resistant & early maturing
varieties- CC adaptation

23. Cereal seedling transplanting-CCA
Sorghum seed (seedbed stage) during the dry season
Sorghum seedlings transplanted after 35-45 days (Main farm)
at the onset of rains

24. “Garden in a sack” farming- CCA

25. After drought we facilitate recovery
thus drought mitigation
 So we rebuild livelihood assets lost through
drought eg limited restocking
 We return households to normalcy or higher
livelihood levels
 We supply “seed” livestock

26. We restock camels: Drought
mitigation

27. We restock goats

28. Building resilience of livelihood assets
 Improve quantity: numbers
 Improve quality of produce
 Improve marketing
 etc
 Aim is to ensure the people and their assets
can defend themselves and withstand the
next drought

29. Community capacity building

30. Numbers to resist drought

31. Breed improvement

32. We improve access to resources to
build people’s resilience
 Land – through policy advocacy
 Water
 Incomes
 Nature-based-enterprises
 etc

33. Water: Domestic and livestock

34. cont

35. Irrigation- CC adaptation

36. irrigation

37. More water harvesting – rock
catchments, sand dams

38. Policy work on CC
 UNFCCC Advocacy
 National advocacy, e.g. CC Bill

39. Shukrani