Kenya and Niger both have opportunities for oil, gas, and renewable energy development. Kenya has significant geothermal potential concentrated along the Rift Valley, estimated at over 10,000 MW. The government is working to develop 5,000 MW of geothermal capacity in the next 20 years through partnerships with private investors. Niger has onshore oil production of over 6,000 bbl/day but no natural gas production. Both countries offer production sharing contracts for exploration and development of energy resources.
Exploration and production policies Of Oil & Gas in NorwayAbhishek Rajvanshi
Exploration and production of oil and gas in Norway, laws related to E & P, Petroleum laws, lease licence for exploration,Tax regime, reserves and production data
This document provides an overview of the global oil and gas industry and markets. It discusses the history and evolution of the oil industry, current global energy usage and demand trends, key oil and gas producing regions and companies, oil and gas markets and pricing, the process for developing new oil and gas fields, and India's energy landscape and challenges. It aims to serve as an introductory guide to understanding the international oil and gas sector.
This document provides an overview of the Canadian oil and gas industry, including key statistics and projections. It discusses the industry's importance to the Canadian economy and trade balance. It outlines the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors. It also summarizes trends and prospects for crude oil and natural gas production, reserves, prices, exports, and consumption in Canada. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the industry are identified. Selected companies in the industry are also reviewed.
Natural gas exploration and development in indiaAkshaya Mishra
The document discusses India's natural gas infrastructure vision for 2030. It notes that India's natural gas demand is expected to grow significantly due to increasing consumption and a shift away from oil. The share of natural gas in India's energy mix is projected to increase to 20% by 2025 from 11% in 2010. To meet this growing demand, the total natural gas supply is expected to reach 400 MMSCMD by 2021-22 and 474 MMSCMD by 2029-30. The vision calls for developing a national gas grid by 2030 consisting of over 31,000 km of pipelines with a capacity of 782 MMSCMD to ensure adequate transportation infrastructure. Key recommendations include providing infrastructure status to gas pipelines, exploring strategic
Indian Oil & Gas Industry Presentation 010709Workosaur.com
The document provides a profile of the Indian oil and gas sector. It outlines the long history of oil and gas development in India dating back to the 19th century. It also discusses the significant sedimentary area and oil and gas reserves in India. The profile notes that while exploration has increased in recent years through policies like NELP, over 40% of India's sedimentary areas remain unexplored or poorly explored. It provides statistics on current annual crude oil and natural gas production. The refining capacity in India has also been growing steadily.
The document presents a project proposal for refinancing and expanding Palli Himagar (Pvt.) Ltd. to establish a silo plant for collecting, storing, and marketing maize and seasonal crops. Key details include a project cost of $8.48 million, revenue projections of $4.84 million annually at full capacity, and an expected net profit of $743,000 per year. The proposal seeks a loan of $5 million to fund the expansion.
Exploration and production policies Of Oil & Gas in NorwayAbhishek Rajvanshi
Exploration and production of oil and gas in Norway, laws related to E & P, Petroleum laws, lease licence for exploration,Tax regime, reserves and production data
This document provides an overview of the global oil and gas industry and markets. It discusses the history and evolution of the oil industry, current global energy usage and demand trends, key oil and gas producing regions and companies, oil and gas markets and pricing, the process for developing new oil and gas fields, and India's energy landscape and challenges. It aims to serve as an introductory guide to understanding the international oil and gas sector.
This document provides an overview of the Canadian oil and gas industry, including key statistics and projections. It discusses the industry's importance to the Canadian economy and trade balance. It outlines the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors. It also summarizes trends and prospects for crude oil and natural gas production, reserves, prices, exports, and consumption in Canada. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the industry are identified. Selected companies in the industry are also reviewed.
Natural gas exploration and development in indiaAkshaya Mishra
The document discusses India's natural gas infrastructure vision for 2030. It notes that India's natural gas demand is expected to grow significantly due to increasing consumption and a shift away from oil. The share of natural gas in India's energy mix is projected to increase to 20% by 2025 from 11% in 2010. To meet this growing demand, the total natural gas supply is expected to reach 400 MMSCMD by 2021-22 and 474 MMSCMD by 2029-30. The vision calls for developing a national gas grid by 2030 consisting of over 31,000 km of pipelines with a capacity of 782 MMSCMD to ensure adequate transportation infrastructure. Key recommendations include providing infrastructure status to gas pipelines, exploring strategic
Indian Oil & Gas Industry Presentation 010709Workosaur.com
The document provides a profile of the Indian oil and gas sector. It outlines the long history of oil and gas development in India dating back to the 19th century. It also discusses the significant sedimentary area and oil and gas reserves in India. The profile notes that while exploration has increased in recent years through policies like NELP, over 40% of India's sedimentary areas remain unexplored or poorly explored. It provides statistics on current annual crude oil and natural gas production. The refining capacity in India has also been growing steadily.
The document presents a project proposal for refinancing and expanding Palli Himagar (Pvt.) Ltd. to establish a silo plant for collecting, storing, and marketing maize and seasonal crops. Key details include a project cost of $8.48 million, revenue projections of $4.84 million annually at full capacity, and an expected net profit of $743,000 per year. The proposal seeks a loan of $5 million to fund the expansion.
Natural Resources of Sindh By Aamir Ali Mugheri bba ii presentationAamir Ali Mugheri
This document discusses natural resources in Pakistan, focusing on coal, natural gas, and crude oil. It provides information on the types and usage of each resource. Key points include:
- Sindh province contains over 99% of Pakistan's coal reserves. Coal is used for industrial, utility, and export purposes.
- Natural gas types include LPG, LNG, CNG, and FLNG. It is used for heating, power generation, industry, transportation, and manufacturing. Sindh produces over 70% of Pakistan's total gas.
- Crude oil production is highest in Sindh at 56% of Pakistan's total. It is used in industry, vehicles, power generation,
The document provides an overview of the oil and gas industry in India. It discusses the industry's history and growth over time. It also describes the major companies operating in the industry and their market shares. Additionally, it covers government policies and regulations related to foreign investment, pricing, and regulatory bodies that oversee the industry. The industry is growing and sees increasing private investment and participation of global companies.
Mining reform: What the government got right…
Bolstering the ongoing mining reforms
India’s mining reforms juggernaut continues despite concerns
Did Ministry of Mines Disregard Critical Suggestions
on Mining Reforms?
One way to make Bharat, Atmanirbhar is be self reliant in
mineral resource by making Industry friendly policy---FIMI
Saltpetre & saline groundwater of Nagaur- Ganganagar area (Rajasthan) -New possible targets for potash salts and other evaporites - V.P. Laul
Role of private explorers in mineral exploration
to make India truly atmanirbhar – by Uday Pratap Singh
Govt plan to take over mine auctions faces
opposition from a few states
Coal India not to give a push to labour intensive
new mines: Chairman
Long-term impact of Budget on Metals & Mining sector –
A review of last two decades
'Discriminatory': Goa in Supreme Court on mining
leases renewal cancellation
Non-coal mining leases: Pace of auction slows in 2020-21
Workshop on ‘Enhancing Exploration through NMET’ organised
Mountain With 60-90% Gold Soil Discovered In Congo, Villagers Flock With Shovels
The document summarizes information about India's coal sector, including:
1) Coal is India's primary energy source and production has increased significantly since nationalization in the 1970s, though imports are also rising to meet demand.
2) Key players in the coal sector include government ministries and companies like Coal India Limited which dominate production, while private companies are involved in captive mining.
3) Various laws govern the coal sector related to mining, land acquisition, environment and forests. Guidelines for allocating coal blocks to public and private entities are also discussed.
The document provides an overview of India's natural gas history and current scenario. It discusses India's limited natural gas reserves compared to its population size and growing energy needs. The document outlines the historical development of India's natural gas industry since the 1800s. It also summarizes key details on India's natural gas resource base, production, consumption trends, major projects and developments, regulations, and future prospects to meet growing demand.
Oil and gas currently satisfy 55% of the world's energy needs and contributed the majority of energy production in 1971. While oil and gas production and consumption have increased significantly since then, their contribution to the total energy mix has decreased as other sources have grown. India is the fifth largest energy consumer and heavily dependent on imported oil, with domestic demand and production of both oil and gas projected to continue increasing substantially in the coming decades. Uncertainty around economic and environmental factors could impact future supply and demand for oil and gas globally.
The document provides an overview of India's oil and gas sector, including:
1) It outlines the history of oil and gas exploration in India dating back to the 19th century and key developments such as the establishment of ONGC in 1955 and adoption of the New Exploration Licensing Policy in 1999.
2) It notes that India has significant oil and gas reserves but domestic production only meets a portion of demand, resulting in a growing supply gap.
3) It discusses opportunities in the sector such as investments in exploration under NELP, developing India as a refining hub, building gas infrastructure like pipelines, and developing new sources like shale gas and coal bed methane.
The document discusses India's oil and gas industry. It is divided into upstream, midstream and downstream sectors and includes state-owned and private companies. The industry faces a growing level of competition and high import dependence, but also opportunities through new technologies, sources and markets. Government policies aim to regulate the strategic industry and increase domestic production, though challenges remain around infrastructure, expertise and environmental impacts. The industry plays a central role in India's economy and energy security.
The oil and gas industry in India was first established in 1889 with the discovery of oil deposits in Assam. In 1959, the industry was nationalized and run by the government until liberalization began in the 1990s. India is a major consumer of oil and gas and will surpass Japan to become the third largest oil consumer by 2025, though per capita consumption is still lower than global averages. The industry comprises upstream producers like ONGC and Reliance, midstream refiners including both public sector units and private companies, and downstream distributors dominated by public sector units but with growing private sector participation.
Presentation To N P T I O Il & Gas Source Nov 03 1Jayanta Bora
The document discusses sources of oil and gas and their importance for the power sector. It provides historical data on global and Indian energy consumption trends over time. Key points include natural gas emerging as a competing fuel for power generation due to new indigenous gas finds and growing LNG infrastructure in India. Natural gas is expected to be the fastest growing component of the global energy mix in the future. The document also outlines India's hydrocarbon vision for 2025 which aims to increase domestic oil and gas production and supply to improve energy security.
Global Development & Trends in Turkey & its Neighbours & the Rest of the Oil ...ITE Oil&Gas
Presentation at TUROGE 2014 (Turkish International Oil and Gas Conference) on Global Development & Trends in Turkey and its Neighbours & the Rest of the Oil and Gas Producing World.
By Huseyin Yakar - Deputy Director, Strategy Department, TPAO
The document discusses the evolution of the coal sector in India from pre-independence to post-independence. It covers key events like the formation of major coal companies and nationalization of the coal industry. The coal sector was nationalized in two phases in 1971-72 and 1973 to address issues like fragmentation and lack of investment. This led to the formation of major public sector companies like Coal India Limited, which now dominates coal production through its several subsidiaries. Reforms in the coal sector since 1993 have allowed captive coal mining by private and public sectors.
India has the fifth largest coal reserves in the world at 298.914 billion tonnes as of 2013. Coal production has increased from 457 MT in 2007-08 to 557.6 MT in 2012-13, with Coal India Limited producing around 81% of India's coal. However, India is still unable to meet domestic coal demand, resulting in imports growing at a CAGR of 25.38% between 2009-2013 to reach 140.63 MT. The power sector consumes 71% of coal in India.
Presentation_8th German-African Energy Forum_Duku_Ministry of Petroleum_Petro...Christopher Duku
South Sudan produces 200,000 barrels of oil per day from operating blocks, with negligible associated gas. The government's priorities include maximizing existing oil field value, creating an attractive environment for investment and exploration, and adopting a sharing model between the government and companies. Current reserves are 1,143 million stock tank barrels with 1,142 million barrels remaining in producing blocks. South Sudan aims to increase reserves and production through improved recovery rates, development of unexplored areas, and exploration of new frontiers. Identified opportunities for investment include relinquished blocks and basins.
The petroleum industry involves exploring for oil and gas deposits, extracting them from the ground, refining oil into fuel products like gasoline and diesel, and transporting and marketing these products. It is divided into upstream (exploration and production), midstream (transportation, storage, and processing), and downstream (refining and distribution) sectors. Globally, oil accounts for around 33-53% of energy consumption in different regions. The United States consumes around 25% of the world's oil production each year. The petroleum industry represents the world's largest industry in terms of revenue.
This document provides an overview of the global oil industry, including production, consumption, key players, and impacts. It discusses that worldwide oil consumption is expected to be around 88 million barrels per day in 2011. It also outlines that OPEC member countries work together to regulate global oil supply and prices. For India, the document notes that around 36% of energy needs are met by oil and gas, with over 70% of oil consumed in India being imported. It also discusses the impact of high oil prices on the Indian economy, such as higher inflation and a growing subsidy burden.
Leo Jasareno Presentation Conference on Mining's Impact on Philippine Economy...No to mining in Palawan
Leo Jasareno
Acting Director
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Presentation Conference on Mining's Impact on Philippine Economy and Ecology
GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE
- India is the world's fourth largest energy consumer and demand is expected to double by 2035. Oil and gas account for 37% of India's total energy consumption.
- Oil consumption is estimated to reach 4.0 million barrels per day by 2016, growing at a 3.2% annual rate. India was the sixth largest LNG importer in the world in 2011.
- Domestic gas production meets over three-quarters of India's gas demand but imports are growing rapidly and expected to increase at a 33% annual rate between 2012-2017.
Natural Resources of Sindh By Aamir Ali Mugheri bba ii presentationAamir Ali Mugheri
This document discusses natural resources in Pakistan, focusing on coal, natural gas, and crude oil. It provides information on the types and usage of each resource. Key points include:
- Sindh province contains over 99% of Pakistan's coal reserves. Coal is used for industrial, utility, and export purposes.
- Natural gas types include LPG, LNG, CNG, and FLNG. It is used for heating, power generation, industry, transportation, and manufacturing. Sindh produces over 70% of Pakistan's total gas.
- Crude oil production is highest in Sindh at 56% of Pakistan's total. It is used in industry, vehicles, power generation,
The document provides an overview of the oil and gas industry in India. It discusses the industry's history and growth over time. It also describes the major companies operating in the industry and their market shares. Additionally, it covers government policies and regulations related to foreign investment, pricing, and regulatory bodies that oversee the industry. The industry is growing and sees increasing private investment and participation of global companies.
Mining reform: What the government got right…
Bolstering the ongoing mining reforms
India’s mining reforms juggernaut continues despite concerns
Did Ministry of Mines Disregard Critical Suggestions
on Mining Reforms?
One way to make Bharat, Atmanirbhar is be self reliant in
mineral resource by making Industry friendly policy---FIMI
Saltpetre & saline groundwater of Nagaur- Ganganagar area (Rajasthan) -New possible targets for potash salts and other evaporites - V.P. Laul
Role of private explorers in mineral exploration
to make India truly atmanirbhar – by Uday Pratap Singh
Govt plan to take over mine auctions faces
opposition from a few states
Coal India not to give a push to labour intensive
new mines: Chairman
Long-term impact of Budget on Metals & Mining sector –
A review of last two decades
'Discriminatory': Goa in Supreme Court on mining
leases renewal cancellation
Non-coal mining leases: Pace of auction slows in 2020-21
Workshop on ‘Enhancing Exploration through NMET’ organised
Mountain With 60-90% Gold Soil Discovered In Congo, Villagers Flock With Shovels
The document summarizes information about India's coal sector, including:
1) Coal is India's primary energy source and production has increased significantly since nationalization in the 1970s, though imports are also rising to meet demand.
2) Key players in the coal sector include government ministries and companies like Coal India Limited which dominate production, while private companies are involved in captive mining.
3) Various laws govern the coal sector related to mining, land acquisition, environment and forests. Guidelines for allocating coal blocks to public and private entities are also discussed.
The document provides an overview of India's natural gas history and current scenario. It discusses India's limited natural gas reserves compared to its population size and growing energy needs. The document outlines the historical development of India's natural gas industry since the 1800s. It also summarizes key details on India's natural gas resource base, production, consumption trends, major projects and developments, regulations, and future prospects to meet growing demand.
Oil and gas currently satisfy 55% of the world's energy needs and contributed the majority of energy production in 1971. While oil and gas production and consumption have increased significantly since then, their contribution to the total energy mix has decreased as other sources have grown. India is the fifth largest energy consumer and heavily dependent on imported oil, with domestic demand and production of both oil and gas projected to continue increasing substantially in the coming decades. Uncertainty around economic and environmental factors could impact future supply and demand for oil and gas globally.
The document provides an overview of India's oil and gas sector, including:
1) It outlines the history of oil and gas exploration in India dating back to the 19th century and key developments such as the establishment of ONGC in 1955 and adoption of the New Exploration Licensing Policy in 1999.
2) It notes that India has significant oil and gas reserves but domestic production only meets a portion of demand, resulting in a growing supply gap.
3) It discusses opportunities in the sector such as investments in exploration under NELP, developing India as a refining hub, building gas infrastructure like pipelines, and developing new sources like shale gas and coal bed methane.
The document discusses India's oil and gas industry. It is divided into upstream, midstream and downstream sectors and includes state-owned and private companies. The industry faces a growing level of competition and high import dependence, but also opportunities through new technologies, sources and markets. Government policies aim to regulate the strategic industry and increase domestic production, though challenges remain around infrastructure, expertise and environmental impacts. The industry plays a central role in India's economy and energy security.
The oil and gas industry in India was first established in 1889 with the discovery of oil deposits in Assam. In 1959, the industry was nationalized and run by the government until liberalization began in the 1990s. India is a major consumer of oil and gas and will surpass Japan to become the third largest oil consumer by 2025, though per capita consumption is still lower than global averages. The industry comprises upstream producers like ONGC and Reliance, midstream refiners including both public sector units and private companies, and downstream distributors dominated by public sector units but with growing private sector participation.
Presentation To N P T I O Il & Gas Source Nov 03 1Jayanta Bora
The document discusses sources of oil and gas and their importance for the power sector. It provides historical data on global and Indian energy consumption trends over time. Key points include natural gas emerging as a competing fuel for power generation due to new indigenous gas finds and growing LNG infrastructure in India. Natural gas is expected to be the fastest growing component of the global energy mix in the future. The document also outlines India's hydrocarbon vision for 2025 which aims to increase domestic oil and gas production and supply to improve energy security.
Global Development & Trends in Turkey & its Neighbours & the Rest of the Oil ...ITE Oil&Gas
Presentation at TUROGE 2014 (Turkish International Oil and Gas Conference) on Global Development & Trends in Turkey and its Neighbours & the Rest of the Oil and Gas Producing World.
By Huseyin Yakar - Deputy Director, Strategy Department, TPAO
The document discusses the evolution of the coal sector in India from pre-independence to post-independence. It covers key events like the formation of major coal companies and nationalization of the coal industry. The coal sector was nationalized in two phases in 1971-72 and 1973 to address issues like fragmentation and lack of investment. This led to the formation of major public sector companies like Coal India Limited, which now dominates coal production through its several subsidiaries. Reforms in the coal sector since 1993 have allowed captive coal mining by private and public sectors.
India has the fifth largest coal reserves in the world at 298.914 billion tonnes as of 2013. Coal production has increased from 457 MT in 2007-08 to 557.6 MT in 2012-13, with Coal India Limited producing around 81% of India's coal. However, India is still unable to meet domestic coal demand, resulting in imports growing at a CAGR of 25.38% between 2009-2013 to reach 140.63 MT. The power sector consumes 71% of coal in India.
Presentation_8th German-African Energy Forum_Duku_Ministry of Petroleum_Petro...Christopher Duku
South Sudan produces 200,000 barrels of oil per day from operating blocks, with negligible associated gas. The government's priorities include maximizing existing oil field value, creating an attractive environment for investment and exploration, and adopting a sharing model between the government and companies. Current reserves are 1,143 million stock tank barrels with 1,142 million barrels remaining in producing blocks. South Sudan aims to increase reserves and production through improved recovery rates, development of unexplored areas, and exploration of new frontiers. Identified opportunities for investment include relinquished blocks and basins.
The petroleum industry involves exploring for oil and gas deposits, extracting them from the ground, refining oil into fuel products like gasoline and diesel, and transporting and marketing these products. It is divided into upstream (exploration and production), midstream (transportation, storage, and processing), and downstream (refining and distribution) sectors. Globally, oil accounts for around 33-53% of energy consumption in different regions. The United States consumes around 25% of the world's oil production each year. The petroleum industry represents the world's largest industry in terms of revenue.
This document provides an overview of the global oil industry, including production, consumption, key players, and impacts. It discusses that worldwide oil consumption is expected to be around 88 million barrels per day in 2011. It also outlines that OPEC member countries work together to regulate global oil supply and prices. For India, the document notes that around 36% of energy needs are met by oil and gas, with over 70% of oil consumed in India being imported. It also discusses the impact of high oil prices on the Indian economy, such as higher inflation and a growing subsidy burden.
Leo Jasareno Presentation Conference on Mining's Impact on Philippine Economy...No to mining in Palawan
Leo Jasareno
Acting Director
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Presentation Conference on Mining's Impact on Philippine Economy and Ecology
GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE
- India is the world's fourth largest energy consumer and demand is expected to double by 2035. Oil and gas account for 37% of India's total energy consumption.
- Oil consumption is estimated to reach 4.0 million barrels per day by 2016, growing at a 3.2% annual rate. India was the sixth largest LNG importer in the world in 2011.
- Domestic gas production meets over three-quarters of India's gas demand but imports are growing rapidly and expected to increase at a 33% annual rate between 2012-2017.
This document provides information about liquefied natural gas (LNG), including:
- LNG is natural gas that has been converted to liquid form for easier storage and transport by cooling it to -162°C.
- The liquefaction process involves purifying the gas by removing components that could cause issues.
- LNG takes up 1/600th the volume of natural gas in its gaseous state, making it more economical to transport over long distances where pipelines do not exist.
- The basic LNG process involves production, purification, liquefaction, storage, and transport via specially designed LNG carriers or tankers. Receiving terminals reheat and regasify the LNG
Global energy demand is expected to increase over the next 20 years as the world population grows. Fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal will continue to make up the majority of global energy consumption, around 80% by 2035. Many countries and companies are dependent on fossil fuel imports to meet domestic energy needs. Turkey in particular relies heavily on imports to meet over 80% of its oil demand and nearly 100% of its natural gas demand. To improve energy security, Turkey and other countries will need to encourage domestic production and exploration activities as well as securing reserves internationally through state-owned and private companies.
Git ile Versiyon Kontrolü
Git ağırlıklı olmak üzere aşağıdaki konuları kapsar
- Temel Git kavram ve komutları
- Gitflow Akışı
- Github (remote) repo yönetimi
- Semver
SIEM – VAR OLAN VERİLERİN ANLAMI - HacktrickconfMehmet KILIÇ
SIEM stands for Security Information and Event Management and provides a holistic view into an organization's technical infrastructure. It collects, normalizes, correlates, aggregates, and reports on logs and events from multiple sources. Popular SIEM products include HP ArcSight and IBM QRadar, which integrate logs from various systems, detect anomalies and threats through correlation, and provide dashboards and reports. Effective log correlation is a key capability of SIEM solutions for security monitoring.
Kuşlar nereden geldiler, neden uçarlar, neler yerler, neden tüylü olurlar, neden yardımıza gereksinim duyar, Türkiye'de kuş gribi gibi kuşlar hakkında pek çok bilgi
Tarihte ilk kütüphaneler, Yazı ve yazının bulunuşu, Kadeş anlaşması, İskenderiye kütüphanesi, Bergama Kütüphanesi, Efes Celcius Kütüphanesi, Kleopatra - Antuan, Buhara Kütüphanesi, Bağdat Kütüphanesi ve İbni Sina, Gütenberg ve Matbaa, Sultan Ahmet Kütüphanesi, Osmanlılar döneminde Kütüphanecilik, Eşekli Kütüphane, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi, Günümüz kütüphaneleri
"Küresel ısınma faydalıdır diye 2005 yılından beri Türkiye'de pek çok konferansta konuşuyordum. Gazetelerde, radyolarda ve TV'de küresel ısınma sonucunda yağmur ve kar ve dolayısıyla seller artacak dedim. Pek çok kişi hayır, kuraklık olacak dediler, işte şimdi gerçekleri görüyorsunuz. Dün (03.03.2012) Hürriyet gazetesi "Dünya Buzul çağına girdi" diye manşet attı. Ne oldu küresel ısınmaya? Dünyayı buzul çağına mı soktu? Ben çeşitli konferanslarda kullandığım bu sunumumda dedimki: a) "Küresel ısınma nedeniyle yeryüzüne çarpan ışınlar artınca buharlaşma artar. b) Kutuplar eriyince denizlerin yüzey alanı artar, yer yüzeyinin güneş ışınlarını absorbe etmesi artar böylece buharlaşma artar. c) Kutupların erimesi nedeniyle deniz suyu tuz konsantrasyonu azalır, böylece buharlaşma artar. (kaynama noktası alçalması)" Buharlaşma artınca atmosferdeki nem oranı ve bulut miktarı artar ve bu bulutlarda eninde sonunda yağmur, kar ve sel miktarını artaracaktır dedim pek çok konferansta. O zamanlar kimse bana inanmadı. Şimdi sonuçları görüyorsunuz. "Dünyanın buzul çağına girdiğini" ve her yeri kar ve sel korkusu aldığını söylüyorlar. Küresel ısınma faydalıdır. Şu anda küresel ısınma sonucunda yağış ve kar miktarı artmakta, CO2 miktarı artmaktadır ve tek isteğimiz, hepimizin ağaç dikmesi ve küresel ısınmanın bu yağmur etkisini ormana dönüştürerek, dünyamızı bir cennete dönüştürmemizdir. Yağmuru sele değil ağaca dönüştürelim. Unutmayalım "Ağaçlı köyü sel basmaz"."
This is another presentation I used at a internal seminar at the Biology Department of University of Mersin.
Subject of the seminar was "Biofuel: New Alternative, New Problem!".
Presentation created with Microsoft PowerPoint (v12), and language is Turkish.
Tunisia has modest oil and gas production compared to its neighbors. It produced around 81,000 barrels of crude oil per day in 2009, though production has declined slightly in recent years. Domestic consumption has risen significantly such that Tunisia no longer exports crude oil. Tunisia had around 388 million barrels of proven oil reserves and 1.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves in 2008. The country relies heavily on oil and gas, which make up around 48% and 39% of its energy needs respectively. State-owned Etap promotes exploration and production through production sharing agreements and joint ventures with international oil companies.
The document discusses mining investment opportunities in Uganda. It provides background on Uganda's geology, mineral potential and legal framework. Uganda has a variety of metallic and industrial minerals. Recent airborne surveys have identified 18 new potential areas for exploration, including for gold, iron ore, rare earth elements, and uranium. The document outlines several specific investment opportunities, such as in developing deposits of iron ore, rare earth elements, dimension stone, and other industrial minerals. Uganda seeks to attract more private investment to further develop its mining industry.
The document summarizes plans for developing two major mining projects in Mongolia: the Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine and the Tavan Tolgoi coking coal deposit. For Oyu Tolgoi, it describes existing reserves, planned production levels up to 56 million tons per year, and construction progress. For Tavan Tolgoi, it outlines plans to establish a state-owned company to mine over 6 billion tons of reserves, including selling shares to Mongolian citizens and companies and selecting strategic investors through an international bidding process.
This document provides an overview of investing in Nigeria, including:
1. Nigeria has a population of over 166 million and relies heavily on oil and gas, which accounts for over 70% of government revenue and 95% of foreign exchange.
2. Other major industries include banking, telecommunications, transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture. Solid minerals, which contribute less than 2% to GDP, are an underdeveloped sector with large untapped reserves of minerals like iron ore, gypsum, coal, and bitumen.
3. The Nigerian government has introduced reforms and policies to encourage investment in the mining sector, including allowing 100% foreign ownership, establishing a one-stop shop for business registration, and combating
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's energy sector. It notes that energy is a key determinant of economic development. Pakistan's total energy consumption in 2009-10 was 63.1 million tons of oil equivalent. The majority of Pakistan's energy comes from natural gas and oil. However, there is a push to increase the use of domestic coal, hydropower, and renewables. Key challenges facing Pakistan's energy sector include a growing demand, reliance on imported fuels, underdevelopment of domestic resources, and poor governance. Addressing these issues through integrated energy planning and developing indigenous energy sources is seen as important for Pakistan's economic growth.
Canatuan story presentation january 16 2015 finalTVI Pacific
The Canatuan gold/silver-copper/zinc mine in the Philippines was TVI's first foreign-invested mine to reach production after mining laws changed in 1995. Over its lifetime from 2004-2014, the mine produced over 137,000 ounces of gold from an oxidized zone and nearly 200,000 metric tons of copper and zinc concentrates from underlying sulphide zones. TVI invested responsibly in the local community through healthcare, education, infrastructure, and livelihood programs. The mine received numerous environmental, safety, and social responsibility awards before closing once reserves were depleted.
Macroeconomic overview of Nigeria by Yakubu AMINU (2014)Yakubu AMINU
This write up presents the economy of Nigeria at a Glance, most especially the Oil and Gas sector of the country as well as investment opportunities in Nigeria,
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3. Facts
Background
• Kenya gained independence in 1963
• Total Area : 580.367km2
• Etnics : Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%,
Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,
Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African 1%
• Language : English (official), Kiswahili
(official)
• Religion : Christian 82.5% , Muslim
11.1%, Traditionalists 1.6%, other 1.7%, none
2.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 census)
• Population :44,037,656 (July 2013 est)
• GDP (purchasing power parity): $77.14 billion (2012 est.)
• Budget : $7.418 billion (revenue)
• Industries : small-scale consumer goods (plastic,
furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap,
cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil
refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship
repair, tourism
• Exports : $6.285 billion (2012 est.) tea, horticultural
products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement to
Uganda 10.5%, Tanzania 10.2%, Netherlands 7.1%, UK
6.7%, US 5.8%, Egypt 5.2%, Democratic Republic of the
Congo 4.5% (2012)
• Imports :$15.1 billion (2012 est.) machinery and
transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor
vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics to India 20.7%,
China 15.3%, UAE 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 6.7% (2012)
Energy
• Electricity production : 6.573 billion kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity consumption :5.516 billion kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity export : 27 million kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity import : 38 million kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity ınstalled generating capacity: 1.706 million kW (2009 est.)
• Electricity from fossil fuels : 43.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
• Electricity from nuclear and hydrolic plants and renewables 0%, 43.8% of (2009 est.), 12.9% of
• Crude oil production : 0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
• Crude oil exports :0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
• Crude import :32,560 bbl/day (2009 est.)
• Crude proved reservs : 0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
• Refined petroleum products Production :30,960 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• Refined petroleum products consumption : 79,410 bbl/day (2011 est.)
• Refined petroleum products exports : 1,065 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• Refiend petroleum products imports : 34,990 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• Natural gas production :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas consumption :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas exports :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas imports :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas proved reserves :0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
• CO2 emission :12.25 million Mt (2010 est.)
• LNG export : 0
• Pipelines : oil 4 km; refined products 928 km (2013)3
4. Reasons to Invest in Geotermal Energy in Kenya_2
• Kenya intends to be a mid-income economy in the next 20 years. One of the key drivers of this
Vision is the availability of affordable and reliable energy.
• It is projected that the country will require 10, 000 MWe in the next 20 years; 5000MWe of
which is expected to come from geothermal sources.
• The Government of Kenya established the Geothermal Development Company (GDC) to
accelerate the development of its geothermal resources. GDC has embarked on a plan to realize
at least 5,000MWe of electricity in the next 20 years.
• Nnumerous investment opportunities in the geothermal development sector ranging from:
1. Supply of equipment and materials
2. Developments of steam fields and power plants
3. Supply of Early Generation equipment
4. Civil engineering and construction works, among others
• The current demand exceeds the installed capacity hence a ready market for affordable power is
available.
• The demand for electricity is estimated to increase at the rate of 8% per annum.
• Only 15% of the population can currently access power. The growth is driven by increased
consumption from the existing customers of 5% while new customers account for the 3%.
5. Reasons to Invest in Geotermal Energy in Kenya_2
• In order to facilitate investor entry into the geothermal sector, GDC will undertake exploration
and drilling for all fields and provide steam to investors to mitigate these upfront risks to
accelerate investor entry into the geothermal development sector.
• Current Private Sector Participation include Orpower4 Inc and Oserian Development Company
(ODC).
• OrPower4 has an installed capacity of 55MW which is connected to the national grid.
• Oserian Development Company operates two binary power plants each with a capacity of 2MW
which supply power to its facilities.
• Oserian also uses the geothermal resources for heating, refrigeration, use of carbon dioxide and
hydrogen sulphide to enhance plant growth, fumigation and sterilization of greenhouses.
• Alternative geothermal usage in Kenya can be applied to:
1. Dairy industry - refrigeration and pasteurization of milk products
2. Grain Silos - drying of grains (wheat & maize) and other farm products e.g. pyrethrum
3. Space heating - green houses and hotels
4. Industry - production of industrial sulphur, treatment of hides and skins and honey
processing,
5. Water heating for fish and crocodile farming, and spas/swimming pool
6. Geotermal Sites
• Barrier
• Namarunu
• Emuruangogolak
• Silali
• Paka
• Korosi
• Baringo
• Bogoria
• Menengai
• Nakuru
• Elmemteita
• Ebrurru
• Naivasha
• Longonot
• Margaret
• Suswa
• Magadi
• Shompole
• Natron
• Olkaria
• More than 14 high
temperature potential
sites occur along the
Kenyan Rift Valley
• estimated potential of
more than 15,000 MWe.
• Other locations include:
Homa Hills in Nyanza,
• Mwananyamala at the
Coast and Nyambene
Ridges.
• These prospects are at
different stages of
development
7. Geotermal Potential of Kenya
• Geothermal resources in Kenya are concentrated in the Rift Valley
with more than 14 fields extending from Lake Magadi to Lake
Turkana.
• There are also low temperature fields outside the rift at Homa Hills
(Nyanza) and Massa Mukwe (Coast Province).
• The current geothermal potential has been estimated at 10, 000
MW.
• Currently geothermal energy contributes 209 MW which is about
22% of the country’s production.
• With regard to direct use, a horticultural farm in Naivasha uses
about 15 MW of geothermal energy to heat 50 hectares of
greenhouses of roses for export.
• A tourist hotel at Lake Bogoria is utilizing spring water at 38°C to
heat a spa pool.
• The costs affiliated with the development of geothermal projects
depend on a variety of factors that include location, megawatt size,
distance of the resource to the power infrastructure, and the type
of geothermal resource (hot water or steam).
• The investor signs a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the
Kenya Power and Lighting Company Ltd (KPLC) to supply
electricity for a given period of time. KPLC also pays capacity
charge.
8. Kenya_Oil
• Production History
• 1st Exploration well 1960
• 1st discovery 1960; non commercial
• Total Exploration wells drilled 25
onshore 6 offshore
• No current production
• There were 26 PSC in force with an
acreage of 259.050 km2 where 196.720
km2 onshore and 11.745 km2 on shelf
and 50.585 km2 deep water
• 4 new contracts are assigned and 8 new
companies acquired interest
8
10. Kenya_ General Terms
13
Exploration Production
Type of Right
•Exploration Permit: confers non exclusive geological and geophysical survey
rights, excluding drilling rights
•PSC: Exclusive right to conduct all E&P activities
•A Production Sharing Agreement
Duration
•Negotiable initial exploration period
•First additional exploration period
•Second negotiable additional exploration period
•Generally 3 + 3 + ‘
•The expoariton period can be further extended for evaluation of a discovery
•Minimum of 20 to 30
•Generally the develoopment and
production period is 25 years
from the date of each
development plan
Obligation
•A Seismic commitment is required for the first exploration period
•A drilling commitment with minimum expenditure in subsequent
exploration periods
Payments
•A signature bonus may be required (75.000$-500.000$)
•Negotiable training fee is payable
•No production bonuses are
payable
•A negotiable annual training fee
is payable
Rentals •Annual rentals are payable at negotiable rates
Annual rentals are payable at
negotiable rates
12. Niger_Facts
Background
• Niger became independent from France in 1960
• Total Area : 1.267 million sq km
• Etnics : Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%,
Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001
census)
• Language : French (official), Hausa, Djerma)
• Religion : Muslim 80%, other (includes
indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20%
• Population :16,899,327 (July 2013 est.)
• GDP (purchasing power parity): $13.34 billion (2012 est.)
• Budget : $1.698 billion(2012 est.) (Revenue)
• Industries : uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food
processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses agricultural products,
cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (manioc), rice;
cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
• Exports : $1.389 billion (2012 est.) uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas,
onions to Nigeria 41%, US 17%, India 14.1%, Italy 8.5%, China 7.7%,
Ghana 5.7% (2012)
• Imports :$2.328 billion (2012 est.) foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles
and parts, petroleum, cereals from France 14.2%, China 11.1%,
French Polynesia 9.9%, Nigeria 9.7%, Togo 5.5% (2012)
Energy• Electricity production : 210 million kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity consumption :695.3 million kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity export : 0 kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity import : 500 million kWh (2009 est.)
• Electricity ınstalled generating capacity: 145,000 kW (2009 est.)
• Electricity from fossil fuels : 100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
• Electricity from nuclear and hydrolic plants and renewables 0%, 0% of (2009 est.) 0% of
• Crude oil production : 6,712 bbl/day (2011 est.)
• Crude oil exports :0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
• Crude import :0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
• Crude proved reservs : 0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
• Refined petroleum products Production :0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• Refined petroleum products consumption:5,629 bbl/day (2011 est.)
• Refined petroleum products exports : 0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• Refiend petroleum products imports : 3.330 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• Natural gas production :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas consumption :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas exports :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas imports :0 cu m (2010 est.)
• Natural gas proved reserves :0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
• CO2 emission :1.796 million Mt (2010 est.)
• LNG export : 0
• Pipelines : 0 km
13. Introduction
Contract Type
• Law no 2007-01 the Oil Code issued on 2007
• 8 years exploration period (4+2+2) plus 1 additional year in
case of discovery
• 35 years exploitation period (25+10) with contract term
renegotiable by the goverment for the 10 renewal period
• Option up to 20% state participation with minimum carried
costs equivalent to 10,5 of State involved
• Signature bonus is applicable
• Suppression of temporary exploitation permit (2 years
validity)
• Suppression of incremenatl royalties, replaced by a fix rate
between 12.5% and 15% for crude oil and fix rate between
2.5% and 5% for natural gas
• Royalty on transportation (1500000 x OF /sqkm/year)
• Tax on net profit is indexed on operations profiability and
varies between 45% to 60%
• signature bonuses are mandatory
• July 2012 : 9 PSC are to 5 companies
• Dibella 1 and Dallol to Labana Petorleum
• Manga-1, Manga 2 , Aborak and Tenere Quest to
International Petroleum
• Djabo 1 to Genmin ltd
• Grein block to Sirius Energy Resources Ltd
• Mandaram 2 to Advantica Gas and Energy Ltd
Goverment
• November 2012 Ministry of Mines and Energy of the Republic of Niger issued new petroleum
blocks map
• Six of these blocks are in Murzuq Basin, known as Djado Basin in Niger, Agadez political
province:
• Djado 2: 12,920 sq km
• Dissilak 20,030 sq km
• Karam 30,740 sq km
• Tchigai 21,230 sq km
• Twelfth of these blocks are in the Iullemmeden Basin, located on the East of Niger:
• Ader: 31,600 sq km
• Azawak: 28,400 sq km
• Irhazer: 25,630 sq km
• Tadarast: 39,740 sq km
• Talak: 30,380 sq km
• Tarka: 43,700 sq km
• Tegama: 32,800 sq km
• Tounfalis: 38,350 sq km
• Yaris: 31,200 sq km
• Nine of these blocks are in the Chad Basin:
• Achegour: 16,750 sq km – East of the Termit Trough and South of the
Seguedine Rift
• Araga: 28,420 sq km - East of the Termit Trough and the Seguedine Rift
• Damagaram: 31,530 sq km – West of the Termit Trough
• Dibella 2: 28,710 sq km - East of the Termit Trough
• Homodji: 33,900 sq km - East of the Termit Trough
• Seguedine: 21,850 sq km - East of the Termit Trough and the Seguedine Rift
• Tafassasset: 22,020 sq km – North of the Termit Trough and West of the
Seguedine Rift
14. Technical Assestment
Chad Basin
• September 2012 CNPC obliged to submit a
formal proposal for the bid og Dibella 2
• Despite the private negotiation between CNPC
and Niger Goverment many oil companies
submitted application for the block.
• Dibella 2 is located in the southern border with
Chad in the East diffa region 28.165 km2
• CNPC wanted to ensure the block after major
discovery in Oyou 1 well in Bilma block
• Sonatrack entered the second explorationperiod
for its Kafra block. Therefore the compnay has
to relinguish 50% of the block. Sonatrack is going
to drill an exploration well in 2013.
• CNPC entered the second exploration period of
its Tenere block, Tenere Rift. Therefore the
company has to relinquish 50% of the block. The
relinquished part is a new open block available.
The block is 100% operated by CNPC.
Djado Basin
• Helios Oil and Gas is interested in blocks
Djado 2 and Djado 3 in Murzuq basin known
as Djado basin in Niger
• 4 wells drilled in this area between 1961 to
1964 and 2 wells in 2000 where only one
has oil shows
• Paleozoic is nearly 2000m and increases
towards north
• Well data suggest that good reservoirs exits
in Cambro-Ordovician, Lower Devonian and
Visean where Ordovician, Silurian and
Carboniferous shales are cap rock
19
Editor's Notes
Kenyada hem petrol hemde jeotermal açısından büyük fırsatlar vardır. Petrolaçısında Kenya dünyanın hot spot dediği sıcak bölgelerinden biridir. Tıpkı 10 yıl önce KRGnin olduğu gibi. 10 yıl önce Genel enerji Mehmet sepil Süleymaniyede müteahhitlik yaparken kendine teklif edilen Taq Taq sahasını alması ile hem KRG fayda sağlamıştır hemde Genel enerji bügün Londra borsasına kote petrol üreten bir şirket haline gelmiştir. Burada da firt in first serve mantığı işlemiştir. Bir şirketin petrol sahası alması ile KRG de hot point olmuş ve 4 yıl içinde Exxon, chevron, Repsol dahil Marathon, Total hepsi KRG de ki blok pozisyonlarını almışlardır. Şu andada Kenyada durum böyle.
Kenyanın toplam alanı 580.bin km2 elektrik üretimi tüketiminden fazla. Henüz bir üretimi yok. Hali hazırda refined petroleum prducts 31.bin varil. Doğal gaz rezervi yok.toplam 4km petrol ve 928km refined petroleum product boru hattı mevcuttur.
Jeotermal olarak 14 den fazla keşfedilmiş potansiyel jeotermal kaynakları vardır. Bu kaynakların tahmini 15.000 MW elektrik üreteceği hesaplanmaktadır. Çoğuda north rift te bulunmaktadır.
Halihazırda jeotermal enerji ülkeninnelektrik üretiminin %22 sine denkk gelmektedir.
Kenya ilk arama kuyusu 1960 de kazılmıştır. Bugüne kadar 25 kara 6 da deniz kuyusu kazılmıştır. Hali hazırda 26 PSC ile 259 bin km2 alan ruhsatlanmıştır. Neredeyse ülkenin yarısı.
Kenyadaki rift sistemini göremketsiniz. Kırmızı renkli birimler basement kayayı belirtiyor. Sedimenter alanlardaki ruhsatlandırmada şekilde gördğünüz gibidir.
Africa oil first come first serve modelinden 4 tanesi Kenyada 1 tanesi Etiyopyada olmak üzere 5 adet ruhsat almıştır.bu ruhsatlardaan 3 tanesi tersiyer 2 tanesi Cretase sistemindedir. Africa oil bu ruhsatları çok cüzi işprogramlarına almıştır. Daha sonra Tullow bu ruhsatlardan 4 tanesine 10 milyon $ cash vermiş ve de 24 milyon $ iş programını carry etmeyi taahüt ederek %50 oratak olmuştur. Bu şekilde 34 milyon dolarlaık yatırım ile ngamia 1 keşfine sahip olmuştur.
Ngamia-1 keşf Kenya için önemli bir kerşif. İki ayrı pay zoneda petrol teset edildi. Daha önce bu sistem shell tarafından 1992 de test edilmişti.
Arama ruhatının içinde jeolojik ve jeofizik araştırma hakkı vardır. Sondaj bu exploration permit içinde yoktur.PSC yapıldığında E& P tüm haklarına sahşp olunuyor. Anlaşmanın süresi ve ilk uzatım müzakereye açık ki bir çok ülkede bunlar sıkı taariflerle yatırımcı zaman olarak kısıtlanmıştır. Genel olarak 3+3 ve dahada uzatım alınabiliyor. Jeofizik ve sondaj minimum iş yükümlülüğü olarak veriliyorve cüzi signature bnus mevcut.
Üretim safasında ise üretim bonusu yok ve 20 yılık bir süre olabiliyor.
Nijer 1 milyon km2 den daha fazla olan bir ülke. Elektrik üretimi tüketimini karşılamıyor. Bu ülkede petrol arama ruhsatları vemek istiyor. Ayrıca uranyum zengini bir ülke. Bizim nükleer enerji santrali için gerekli ham madde mevcut. Nigerya kısmında sedimenter basenleri var ve buralarda bloklama yapıp petrol arama ruhsatları vermke istiyorlar. Bu ülkede iğneden ipliğe her türlü yatırım için potansiyel var. Enerjii açığı çok büyük.
Nijerin kullandığı kontrat 2007 yılı petrol kanuna dayanıyor. Henüz çok yeni 4+2+2+1 şeklinde arma ve 35 yıl üretim zamanı var. Devlet katılm payı %20 ve tax and royalty sistemi. Yani yatırımcı şirket ödeyeceği miktar tüm üretim boyunca sabit. Şu ana kadar 5 şirketle 9 ayrı PSC yapılmştır. 2012 de Ministry of Mines Nijer yeni bloklama yapmıştır. Bu boklardan 6 tanesi Murzuq baseninde bu basen Libya ile ortak olan basen. 12 tanesi lullmeden baseninde 9de chad baseninde yer almaktadır. Her üç basende petrol açısından prolific ve üretim yapılan basenler.
Bu bloklarda iş gören şirketlerin listesini görmektesiniz. Bu şirketler ile sondaj ve arama anlaşamalrı yapılabileceği gibi arama blokları alınıp ortak bulanabilir.