I assess the likelihood of Mpumalanga, Taiwan, and Odisha in their likelihoods to transition away from coal.

2. THE THREE AREAS

3. Since most of my knowledge
of the world belongs in the
Americas, I wanted to shift my
focus elsewhere.
I wanted to pick areas with
high populations, and
current coal usage.

7. •

8. •Coal is the primary
industry of
Mpumalanga

9. •
https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/sa-mining/coal

10. •
•

11. •
https://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/south-africa-days-coal-mines-are-numbered-eskom-shifts-focus

12. Currently, south Africa’s electricity is 77% derived from coal.
5 companies control 85% of all coal markets in South Africa
58% of all coal mined is discarded as waste
• 62% is used for electricity generation
• 23% is used in petroleum based chemicals
• 8% is used for industry
• 4% is used for metallurgic industry
• 4% is bought and sold by merchants
Of the 42% remaining:

13. •
•
•
•

16. •
•
•

17. •
•
•
•

19. • ENERGY MINISTER TINA JOEMAT-PETTERSSON HAS APPROVED OF
FUTURE COAL PLANTS TO BE BUILT IN MPUMALANGA
• THE COAL INDUSTRY BRINGS IN $28 BILLION USD ANNUALLY
• THE 40 PAGE GREEN ECONOMY PLAN DOES NOT MENTION FUNDING,
AND THE COST PROJECTIONS ARE LIMITED
• THE DOCUMENT HAS NO PLAN FOR A TRANSITION FROM COAL POWER
• MOST OF THE PLAN SUGGESTS RESOURCING “ASSESSMENTS,
EXPLORATIONS, RESEARCHING, PROVING FEASIBILITY”…..
• NOT IMPLEMENTATION

20. •
•
•
•
•
•

27. Also known as the republic
of china, Taiwan used to be
considered part of China
01
In 1971, the United Nations
stopped regarding the
Republic of China
government as ‘China’
02
The People’s Republic of
China became ‘china’ and
the Republic of China
became Taiwan.
03
Some countries consider
Taiwan a country, some
consider it a state
04

28. 2/3 of Taiwan is covered in a mountain
range: Chung-yang Shan range
The rest of Taiwan is considered to be a
rolling hills landscape
Taiwan claims many island territories

29. •
•
•

32. •
•
•

33. • CITIES IN TAIWAN HAVE TERRIBLE AIR QUALITY, AND SALES
OF GAS MASKS ROSE BY 106% IN 2017, AND HAVE
CONTINUED TO GROW EVER SINCE.
• THE NEWEST POWER PLANT WILL ADD ENOUGH POLLUTION
TO EQUAL 1.6 MILLION CARS.
• 1000 DEATHS EVERY YEAR IN TAIWAN ARE RELATED TO AIR
QUALITY

34. •
•
•

36. •
•
•

37. No coal power plants have been or are in the
process of being decommissioned since 2007.
2007
Plans for coal expansion In 2018 were
scrapped
2018

38. •
•

39. •
•
•

40. •
•
•

41. •
•
•

47. Mineral and metal extraction is a key industry of Odisha
• Odisha Coastal Plain
• Middle Mountainous and highlands region
• The central plateaus
• Western rolling uplands
• Major flood plains
Odisha is divided into 5 topographical regions:

48. April 26, 2020 marked the expansion of NLC India into a mining
operation that would extract 20 million tons of coal per year.
This coal would be used to fuel a 4,200 MW power plant
in Odisha
Coal Power producers are currently increasing rates of extraction
and burning of coal.

49. •
•
•
•
•
•
•

50. In order to meet the demand for coal, the NLC India ltd company
has increased production of mining to 20 million tons per year.
In January 2020, 10 coal mining projects were cleared for
production. These 10 operations have a mining capacity of 160
million tons per year.
Coal mining restrictions have been removed, allowing non-coal
mining entities to extract coal
Regulations regarding the sale of coal have been reduced
Coal can now be sold on the open market
The government plans on India extracting 1.5 billions tons of coal in
2020

51. Land purchased for the use of renewable projects would be sold
at reduced prices.
Testing fees will be waived
Reduced taxes for solar park developers
Renewable power systems will be prioritized over non-renewable
systems
Manufacturers of renewable equipment such as PV panels will
receive government incentives based on employee count
Licenses for pollution control will not be required except for
biomass and solid waste projects

55. • HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/SCIENCE/LIGNITE
• HTTPS://WWW.CARBONBRIEF.ORG/MAPPED-WORLDS-COAL-POWER-PLANTS
• HTTPS://MNRE.GOV.IN/FILE-MANAGER/USERFILES/STATE-POWER-POLICIES/ODISHA-SOLAR-POWER-POLICY.PDF
• HTTPS://MEDIA.AFRICAPORTAL.ORG/DOCUMENTS/06WINKLER-ENERGY_POLICIES_FOR_SD.PDF
• HTTPS://WWW.FRONTIERSIN.ORG/ARTICLES/10.3389/FENVS.2019.00086/FULL
• HTTPS://WWW.BIZNEWS.COM/ENERGY/2019/10/03/SA-TRAILBLAZING-ENERGY-PLAN
• HTTPS://WWW.FIN24.COM/ECONOMY/MPUMALANGA-AIMS-TO-GO-GREEN-BY-2030-20161125
• HTTP://WWW.DEDTMPUMALANGA.GOV.ZA/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/DOCUMENTS/GREEN_ECONOMY/DRAFT%20GREEN%20E
CONOMY%20SECTOR%20PLAN_26082016.PDF

56. • HTTP://WWW.DEDTMPUMALANGA.GOV.ZA/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/DOCUMENTS/GREEN_ECONOMY/
DRAFT%20GREEN%20ECONOMY%20SECTOR%20PLAN_26082016.PDF
• HTTP://WWW.ENERGY.GOV.ZA/IRP/IRP-UPDATE-DRAFT-REPORT2018/IRP-UPDATE-2018-
DRAFT-FOR-COMMENTS.PDF
• HTTP://MAPSOF.NET/CHINA/CHINA-TAIWAN-LOCATION-MAP
• HTTPS://WWW.WORLDATLAS.COM/WEBIMAGE/COUNTRYS/ASIA/TAIWAN/TWLAND.HTM
• HTTPS://WWW.SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/IMAGE-PHOTO/MOUNTAIN-ROAD-HEHUAN-TAIWAN-ASIA-
627199787
• HTTP://WWW.TAIPEITIMES.COM/NEWS/FEAT/ARCHIVES/2002/09/29/0000170075

57. • HTTPS://THEDIPLOMAT.COM/2018/05/TAIWAN-TAKES-A-STEP-BACK-WITH-NEW-COAL-PLANT/
• HTTPS://PUBS.ACS.ORG/DOI/ABS/10.1021/ACS.EST.6B03731
• HTTP://HKMDB.COM/DB/MOVIES/IMAGE_DETAIL.MHTML?ID=11489&IMAGE_ID=189812&DISPLAY_SET=ENG
• HTTPS://WWW.ROC-TAIWAN.ORG/UPLOADS/SITES/131/2017/11/BUSINESS-DIPLOMACY_TAIWANS-NEW-
ENGERY-POLICY.PDF
• HTTPS://WWW.MOEABOE.GOV.TW/ECW/ENGLISH/CONTENT/CONTENTLINK.ASPX?MENU_ID=1540
• HTTPS://LAW.MOJ.GOV.TW/ENG/LAWCLASS/LAWALL.ASPX?PCODE=J0130032
• HTTPS://THEDIPLOMAT.COM/2018/05/TAIWAN-TAKES-A-STEP-BACK-WITH-NEW-COAL-PLANT/
• HTTPS://FOCUSTAIWAN.TW/BUSINESS/201810120008

58. • HTTPS://WWW.TAIPEITIMES.COM/NEWS/TAIWAN/ARCHIVES/2018/03/19/2003689599
• HTTPS://FOCUSTAIWAN.TW/POLITICS/201810050025
• HTTPS://PEOPLEPILL.COM/PEOPLE/SHEN-JONG-CHIN/
• HTTPS://WORLD-NUCLEAR-NEWS.ORG/ARTICLES/TAIWAN-GOVERNMENT-MAINTAINS-NUCLEAR-PHASE-OUT
• HTTPS://ASIAN-POWER.COM/POWER-UTILITY/IN-FOCUS/RENEWABLES-STRAIN-COULD-SHATTER-TAIWANS-COAL-AND-
NUCLEAR-DEPENDENCY-DREAMS
• HTTP://LUMENLIFE.ORG/INDIA-CHRISTIAN-BEHEADED-FOR-HIS-FAITH-IN-INDIAS-ODISHA-STATE/
• HTTPS://WWW.IBEF.ORG/STATES/ODISHA.ASPX
• HTTPS://WWW.ODISHA.GOV.IN/CONTENT/ODISHA-PROFILE/TOPOGRAPHY
• HTTPS://INVESTODISHA.GOV.IN/DOWNLOAD/RENEWABLE-ENERGY-POLICY-2016.PDF

59. • HTTPS://WWW.NEWINDIANEXPRESS.COM/STATES/ODISHA/2020/JAN/08/ODISHA-COAL-AND-POWER-LIMITED-TARGETS-
ONE-MILLION-TONNES-OUTPUT-BY-MARCH-2020-2086583.HTML
• HTTPS://WWW.LIVEMINT.COM/COMPANIES/NEWS/NLC-INDIA-COMMENCES-COAL-MINING-OPERATIONS-IN-ODISHA-
11588074164863.HTML
• HTTPS://WWW.THEHINDUBUSINESSLINE.COM/COMPANIES/COAL-INDIAS-FIRST-THERMAL-POWER-PLANT-TO-COME-UP-IN-
ODISHA/ARTICLE24017239.ECE
• HTTPS://ENERGY.ECONOMICTIMES.INDIATIMES.COM/NEWS/COAL/NLC-INDIA-BEGINS-COAL-PRODUCTION-IN-
ODISHA/75398840
• HTTPS://WWW.MINING-TECHNOLOGY.COM/NEWS/INDIA-CLEARANCE-COAL-MINING-PROJECTS/
• HTTPS://WWW.NSENERGYBUSINESS.COM/NEWS/INDIA-COAL-MINING-PROJECTS/
• HTTPS://WWW.EIA.GOV/TODAYINENERGY/DETAIL.PHP?ID=42295