Iraq's refinery sector, with a total output of 700,000 bbl/d and 8 operational refineries, is hindered by outdated technology and war damage. Major refineries include Doura, Basrah, and Baiji, with capacities needing significant investment for upgrades. New refinery projects are aimed at increasing capacities, including Karbala, Missan, and Nasiriyah, while existing facilities remain in poor condition.