This document discusses Karl Fischer titration, including its basic reagents, instruments, types, endpoint indication, applications, and limitations. The reagents include iodine, sulfur dioxide, a buffer such as imidazole, and a solvent like methanol. There are two main types of KF titration - coulometric and volumetric. Coulometric titration generates iodine in the titration cell through anodic oxidation, while volumetric titration uses an anode solution containing iodine as the titrant. KF titration can determine water content in technical products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods and other samples. Its main limitations are that water in solid samples must be accessible and KF is

1. Department of Pharmacy,
Dr. B. R. ambedkarUniversity
Agra-282002
Topic-Karl-Fischer titration
Mr. Vijay Yadav Rohit Yadav
B. Pharma IV sem
Email-rohitrishi839@gmail.com

2. KF Introduction
Reagents
KF Instruments
Types
Endpoint indication
Applications
Limitations
TOPICS

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Basic ingredients of KF reagents
* Iodine
* Sulphur dioxide
* Buffer
* Solvent
I2
SO2
Imidazole
Methanol

5. *Drying tube
*Cathode chamber
*Sample injection cap
*Detection electrode
*Electrode analysis
*Rotor
*Drain cook
*Anode chamber

6. log K
pH

7. KF titration methods
Coulometric KF titration
Iodine is generated in titration
cell (anodic oxidation)
Volumetric KF titration
Working medium & titrant

8. The main compartment of the titration cell
contains the anode solution plus the analyte.
1.alcohol (ROH),
2.a base (B),
3. SO2
4. I2.
A typical alcohol that may be used
is methanol or diethylene glycol monoethyl
ether, and a common base is imidazole.

9. The volumetric titration is based on the same
principles as the coulometric titration except that
the anode solution above now is used as the titrant
solution.
The titrant:
1. an alcohol (ROH),
2. base (B),
3. SO2
4. a known concentration of I2.
5. Pyridine has been used as the base in this case.

10. Endpoint indication

11. • in technical products
(oil, plastics and gases)
• in cosmetic products
• in pharmaceutical products
• in food industry

12. • The major disadvantage with solids is that
the water has to be accessible.
• Easily brought into methanol solution.
• KF is selective for water