The industrial training report outlines the operations of the Chandigarh Transport Undertaking (CTU), which has a fleet of 468 buses servicing local and interstate routes. The report details the CTU's achievements in staff efficiency, computerized operations, and social services offered to various groups. Additionally, it describes the structure and assembly procedures of engines, emphasizing the author's learning experience and practical knowledge gained during the training.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
SUBITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:kanwaldeep singh
MR.RAJEEV K DANG SG12927
MR. GAURAV SAINI MECHANICAL 5TH
SEM

2. INTRODUCTION TO CTU
Chandigarh Transport Undertaking :
The Chandigarh Transport Undertaking functions under
supervision of the Home Secretary who is also the Secretary ,
Transport, Chandigarh Administration. The Director , Transport,
carries out day-to-day management , assisted by four General
Managers in addition to works managers and other staff. When
the CTU came into existence in 1966 it had a fleet of only 30
buses; today there are 468 buses.
Fleet :
Total strength is 468 buses, 329 buses run on local/suburban
routes, 73 buses run on Interstate routes covering Punjab,
Haryana, Himachal, U.P. ,Uttaranchal, Rajasthan, Delhi & J&K
.CTU buses traveled approx. 0.95 lac kilometers per day and
approx. 1.68 lac commuters commutes daily in CTU Buses.
Staff :
CTU's staff ratio per bus is the lowest in the country: just 3.90
employees per bus compare with Bombay 10.99,
Delhi's9.16,Calcutta's 11.66 and Ahmedabad's 10.33.

3.  Computerisation :
The daily duties of operational staff with buses, Maintenance
of Bus ticketing accounts system, Daily cash maintenance,
Class IV employees GPF maintenance, Salaries, Overtime
and Traveling Allowances have been completely
computerized and all applications are running ONLINE.
 Social services :
Freedom fighters, War Widows, Blind persons, thalessemia
patients along with one attendant with each category and
journalists can travel free in CTU buses within U.T. Area and
concession has been extended to handicapped persons and
senior citizens, students and employees in CTU Buses within
the U.T area.

7. MAIN SHOPS IN C.T.U WORKSHOP
 ENGINE SHOP
 GEAR SHOP
 WELDING SHOP
 PAINT SHOP
 TYRE SHOP
 ELECTRICAL SHOP
 A-SERVICE
 B-SERVICE

8. ENGINE SHOP
 It is a power producing device. It converts
chemical energy into heat energy and than
mechanical energy
MAIN PARTS OF ENGINE
1) CYLINDER BLOCK
2) CYLINDER HEAD
3) PISTON
4) CRANKSHAFT
5) CAMSHAFT
6) CONNECTING ROD
7) VALVES(INLET VALVE
AND EXHAUST VALVE)
1) HOSE PIPES
2) WATER JACKET
3) SLEEVES
4) THERMOSTAT
5) DAMPERS
6) INLET MANIFOLD ,EXHAUST MANIFOLD

9. CYLINDER BLOCK & CRANKCASE
• Cylinder block is the basic frame work of the
engine. In this there are cylinder in which pistons
reciprocates. The basic frame work of the engine is
formed by the cylinder block, It houses the engine
cylinders which serve or bearings and guides for
the pistons reciprocating in them. Around the
cylinder there are passages for the circulation of
coolant.

10.  CYLINDER HEAD
To form a combustion chamber above each cylinder
the cylinder head is above the engine.
• OIL SUMP
it is at the bottom of the engine. it is used to store the
oil to collect the return oil

11. GASKETS
 These are used to provide a tight
fitting joint between two surfaces.
The cylinder head form a combustion
chamber above each cylinder. It also
contains valve guides , valve seals
, ports, coolant jackets and
threaded holes for spark plugs or injections .
 CONNECTING ROD
Main function of the connecting rod is to convert the reciprocating
motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft.

12. PISTON
• To transmit the force of explosion
to the crankshaft.
• To serve as a guide and a bearing for
small end of the connecting rod
 PISTON RINGS
i)To form as a seal for the high pressure gases from the combustion
chamber against leak into the crank case.
ii)To provide easy passage for heat flow from the piston crown to the
cylinder walls.
These are of two types
:i)Compression rings
ii)Oil control rings

13. CRANK SHAFT
 It is the engine component from
which the power is taken .It receives
the power from the connecting rods
to the clutch and to the wheels.
VISCOUS FAN
 It is attached in the front
of the engine. Its main
function is cooling the
engine.
It is driven by a V-belt from the
crankshaft pulley. It may have four
to seven blades.
MATERIAL
It is generally made of sheet metal
but these days mounted plastic
material e.g. nylon or polypropylene
are also being used for making fans.

14.  PROCEDURE FOR DISMANTALLING THE
ENGINE
Following is the procedure for the dismantling of the engine:
i) First of all caps are removed from the each valve with the help
of spanner.
ii) After this all the valve springs are removed with the help
of valve spring remover and all the cotters are removed.
These can also remove with the help of striking hammer on
the top of the valves Springs.
iv)The fuel injection pump is removed from the engine
v)The oil cooler is removed by means of unscrewing the bolt
sand nuts
vi)Cylinder head is removed from the engine with this all the
rocker arms are also removed.
vii)After this the pistons are removed by opening the bearing
from the crankshaft with the connecting rods & camshaft is
removed .
viii)At the end the crankshaft is removed from the cylinder block.
x)After this all the parts of engine are washed with the help
of diesel.

15.  PROCEDURE FOR ASSEMBLY OF
ENGINE
Following is the procedure for the assembly of the engine.
i)First of all the engine cylinder is kept on the table
.ii)The cylinder boxes are checked with the help of dial gauge
according to the given specifications.
iii)After this the crankshaft bearings are checked with the help of
dial gauge.
iv)The crankshaft is fixed in the crankshaft bearing in the centre
of the main bearing the thrust washer is fixed.
v)After this the pistons are inserted in to the cylinders opf the
engine and the connecting rod is connected to the piston with
the help of piston pin and the crankshaft is connected to the
Big end bearing of the connecting rod
.vi)After this the water plate is connected to the engine

16. vii)After this the flywheel is connected to the crankshaft and
clutch plate is also adjusted in to the engine.
viii)After this the camshaft is connected to the engine and the air
compressed piston is connected with the camshaft.
ix)Camshaft is closed from both end and the gears are
connectedwith the crankshaft and camshaft and the timing is
adjusted
.x)At the other side the two pulley are there by means of
cylinder head is kept over the cylinder block by insertingthe
nozzles and valves and rocker arms into the cylinder head
.xii)The fuel injection pump is connected to the engine and theoil
cooling plate is inserted into the engine.
xiii)The injectors from the fuel injection pump is connected to the
each nozzles by mean of fuel pipe.

17. INSPECTION OF VARIOUS
PARTS OF ENGINE
1.Inspection of the cylinder boring honing of the cylinder
bore gone
oval in shop inserting the cylinder liner or sleeve.
2. Inspection of the piston changing of piston if necessary.
3. Crank shaft grinding
4. Cam shaft grinding
5. Inspection of water gasket sand oil, galleried
6. Checking the valve mechanism.
7. Gasket and lubricating oil are changed after
over hauling.
8. Inspection and replacing of the bearing.
9. Rings are settled with the held of piston ring
compressor.
10. Piston ring expands is used for removing ring from
piston.

18. GEAR SHOP

23. CONCLUSION
In my industrial training, I was introduced to
industrial environment. I learned discipline and
cooperation during my industrial training and I
felt good when I came in contact with
engineers and workers of workshop. Most
importantly I had learned the process of doing
work in big workshops with sound knowledge
of Engine Shop and Gear Shop which will be
useful for me when ever I will go to any
industry or workshop as an employee.