The Barrier of Establishing Democracy in BangladeshIwate University
┬а
The Barrier of Establishing Democracy in Bangladesh
The term democracy is derived from the Greek words, demos and Kratos, the former meaning the people and the latter power. Democracy thus means power of the people. It is now regarded as a form of government in which the people rule themselves either directly or indirectly through their representatives. In the words of President Abraham Lincoln, тАЬDemocracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the peopleтАЭ. According to Bryce, тАЬDemocracy is that form of government in which the ruling power of a state is legally vested, not in any particular class or classes but in the members of the community as a wholeтАЭ.
But what is the present status of democracy in our country???..
We have passed about forty-one years since independence but our achievements in the spheres of democracy and development are not noteworthy. In Bangladesh every political leader or party, civil or military, popular or unpopular, big or small, in or out of power, talks about democratic incessantly. Even so the nation has failed to put it into practice. Parties voted into power to strengthen democracy have all failed to encourage its values. Taking advantage of this situation, military leaders intervened to practice their own version of democracy, which only exacerbated the crisis. The country today is riddle with numerous problems threatening the very development of democracy.
What is the reason for this???..
Sovereignty means the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which any independent state is governed; supreme political authority; the supreme will; paramount control of the constitution and frame of government and its administration; the self-sufficient source of political power, from which all specific political powers are derived; the international independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign dictation; also a political society, or state, which is sovereign and independent.
The power to do everything in a state without accountability, to other countries, to execute and to apply them, to impose and collect taxes and levy contributions, to make war or peace, to form treaties of alliance or of commerce with foreign nations.
The concept of тАШsovereigntyтАЩ is one of the most complex, with many definitions, some are totally contradictory. Usually, sovereignty is defined in one of two ways. The first definition applies to supreme public power, which has the right and, in theory, the capacity to impose its authority in the last instance. The second definition refers to the holder of legitimate power, who is recognized to have authority.
When national sovereignty is discussed, the first definition applies, and it refers in particular to independence, understood as the freedom of a collective entity to act. When popular sovereignty is discussed, the second definition applies, and sovereignty is associated with power and legitimacy.1
There are various definition of sovereignty which has been defined by academicians and philosophers they are as follows:
In political science, sovereignty is usually defined as the most essential attribute of the state in the form of its complete self-sufficiency in the frames of a certain territory that is its supremacy in the domestic policy and independence in the foreign one.
John Bodin defines sovereignty тАЬThe supreme power over citizens and subjects, unrestrained by law.тАЭ
Grotius defines sovereignty as тАЬThe supreme political power vested in him whose acts are not subject to any other and whose will cannot be overriddenтАЭ.
Also definition of Sovereignty by Soltau is тАЬFinal legal coercive power by the stateтАЭ.
The Barrier of Establishing Democracy in BangladeshIwate University
┬а
The Barrier of Establishing Democracy in Bangladesh
The term democracy is derived from the Greek words, demos and Kratos, the former meaning the people and the latter power. Democracy thus means power of the people. It is now regarded as a form of government in which the people rule themselves either directly or indirectly through their representatives. In the words of President Abraham Lincoln, тАЬDemocracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the peopleтАЭ. According to Bryce, тАЬDemocracy is that form of government in which the ruling power of a state is legally vested, not in any particular class or classes but in the members of the community as a wholeтАЭ.
But what is the present status of democracy in our country???..
We have passed about forty-one years since independence but our achievements in the spheres of democracy and development are not noteworthy. In Bangladesh every political leader or party, civil or military, popular or unpopular, big or small, in or out of power, talks about democratic incessantly. Even so the nation has failed to put it into practice. Parties voted into power to strengthen democracy have all failed to encourage its values. Taking advantage of this situation, military leaders intervened to practice their own version of democracy, which only exacerbated the crisis. The country today is riddle with numerous problems threatening the very development of democracy.
What is the reason for this???..
Sovereignty means the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which any independent state is governed; supreme political authority; the supreme will; paramount control of the constitution and frame of government and its administration; the self-sufficient source of political power, from which all specific political powers are derived; the international independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign dictation; also a political society, or state, which is sovereign and independent.
The power to do everything in a state without accountability, to other countries, to execute and to apply them, to impose and collect taxes and levy contributions, to make war or peace, to form treaties of alliance or of commerce with foreign nations.
The concept of тАШsovereigntyтАЩ is one of the most complex, with many definitions, some are totally contradictory. Usually, sovereignty is defined in one of two ways. The first definition applies to supreme public power, which has the right and, in theory, the capacity to impose its authority in the last instance. The second definition refers to the holder of legitimate power, who is recognized to have authority.
When national sovereignty is discussed, the first definition applies, and it refers in particular to independence, understood as the freedom of a collective entity to act. When popular sovereignty is discussed, the second definition applies, and sovereignty is associated with power and legitimacy.1
There are various definition of sovereignty which has been defined by academicians and philosophers they are as follows:
In political science, sovereignty is usually defined as the most essential attribute of the state in the form of its complete self-sufficiency in the frames of a certain territory that is its supremacy in the domestic policy and independence in the foreign one.
John Bodin defines sovereignty тАЬThe supreme power over citizens and subjects, unrestrained by law.тАЭ
Grotius defines sovereignty as тАЬThe supreme political power vested in him whose acts are not subject to any other and whose will cannot be overriddenтАЭ.
Also definition of Sovereignty by Soltau is тАЬFinal legal coercive power by the stateтАЭ.
Democracy can function smoothly and according to the concept of swaraj only if it is decentralized. (тАШтАШcentralization as a system is inconsistent with non-violent structure of societyтАЩтАЩ).
He wanted the center of power to move from cities to villages.
It has been about seventy years since India has attained independence and about the same time that, we have been a republic nation. Our constitution gives us the right to freedom and most importantly to exercise this freedom in an equitable manner. At the same time it is mandatory on the part of the state to ensure that equality prevails in all sections of the society. However, the argument was, that India was not yet free from the bonds of social evils like caste and religion discrimination, untouchability etc. To counter this the government drafted laws regarding the controversial reservation system in the constitution. These laws were to act like an equalizer in the field of play. Now the question that lies in front of us is whether implementing this reservation system has really helped the downtrodden or has it given the oppressed, or rather the ones who claim to be oppressed an undue advantage?
B.A. (Hons.) Political science Semester тАУII public opinionAdityaKumar138799
┬а
The desires, wants, and thinking of the majority of the people - or the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem - is called public opinion.
Public opinion plays an important role in the legitimacy of the Government. Government has to make policies as per the opinion of the people.
SOCIAL JUSTICE, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, RESERVATION,OBC,SC,ST, MANDAL COMMISSION, POONA PACT,73 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, KAKA KALELKAR COMMISSION,GOVT. JOB,EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION,PARLIAMENT, STATE LEGISLATURE,LOGIC RELATED TO RESERVATION POLICY, MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE, SUPREME COURT ,CASTE SYSTEM, INDIAN CONSTITUTION
this ppt describes different froms of government based on power and authority distribution, the merits and demerits of each form of government are also given. for further educative ppt do comment and if time allow i will surely help you in making your ppt.
The term тАЬSecularтАЭ means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. A secular person is one who does not owe his moral values to any religion. His values are the product of his rational and scientific thinking.
Democracy can function smoothly and according to the concept of swaraj only if it is decentralized. (тАШтАШcentralization as a system is inconsistent with non-violent structure of societyтАЩтАЩ).
He wanted the center of power to move from cities to villages.
It has been about seventy years since India has attained independence and about the same time that, we have been a republic nation. Our constitution gives us the right to freedom and most importantly to exercise this freedom in an equitable manner. At the same time it is mandatory on the part of the state to ensure that equality prevails in all sections of the society. However, the argument was, that India was not yet free from the bonds of social evils like caste and religion discrimination, untouchability etc. To counter this the government drafted laws regarding the controversial reservation system in the constitution. These laws were to act like an equalizer in the field of play. Now the question that lies in front of us is whether implementing this reservation system has really helped the downtrodden or has it given the oppressed, or rather the ones who claim to be oppressed an undue advantage?
B.A. (Hons.) Political science Semester тАУII public opinionAdityaKumar138799
┬а
The desires, wants, and thinking of the majority of the people - or the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem - is called public opinion.
Public opinion plays an important role in the legitimacy of the Government. Government has to make policies as per the opinion of the people.
SOCIAL JUSTICE, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, RESERVATION,OBC,SC,ST, MANDAL COMMISSION, POONA PACT,73 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, KAKA KALELKAR COMMISSION,GOVT. JOB,EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION,PARLIAMENT, STATE LEGISLATURE,LOGIC RELATED TO RESERVATION POLICY, MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE, SUPREME COURT ,CASTE SYSTEM, INDIAN CONSTITUTION
this ppt describes different froms of government based on power and authority distribution, the merits and demerits of each form of government are also given. for further educative ppt do comment and if time allow i will surely help you in making your ppt.
The term тАЬSecularтАЭ means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. A secular person is one who does not owe his moral values to any religion. His values are the product of his rational and scientific thinking.
constructivism , types of constructivism, theories of constructivism,critical constructivism , social and cultural constructivism,creation of knowledge,student centric teaching technique
existentialism ,philosophy , jyan paul satra,Martin Hedeger, neetze,freedom of choice,absurdness of life , commitment to society, Despair,Buddhist philosophy,essence, logic, science
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, BIBLIOGRAPHY STYLES,ONLINE BIBLIOGRAPHY MANAGER,PURPOSE OF MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY, ACADEMIC INTEGRITY,PLAGIARISM,CHICAGO STYLE,APA STYLE , MLA STYLE,AUTHENTICITY OF RESEARCH WORK,HONOUR TO RESEARCHERS AND WRITERS
19. References and suggested readings:
1. A.V. Daicy, An Introduction To The Study of Law of
Constitution
2. F. A. Ogg, English Government And Politics,Abe
Books.Co. uk
3. J. C. Jauhari, Pramukh Desho Ke Samvidhan,
Sahitya Bhavan Publication, Agra.
4. Oxford English Dictionary,1884,Oxford University
Press,U.K.
5. Upendra Baxi Rule Of Law In India,SUR
International Journal On Human Rights, 6TH
Volume,2007SUR. Conectas. Org
6. Picture 1 Source :
https://blogs.findlaw.com/law_and_life/2019/05/what
-does-the-rule-of-law-really-mean.html searched on
30.07.2020.
7. Picture 2 Source :
https://worldjusticeproject.org/about-