The document provides details about an internship report on the Tungabhadra Dam power house in Karnataka, India. It discusses the dam's history and technical specifications, as well as the major components of its generation and transmission units. The power house utilizes a reservoir and catchment area to generate electricity from four turbines with a total output of 9 MVA. It then transmits power through transformers and transmission lines. Hydroelectric power provides clean, renewable energy but requires large initial investments and depends on consistent water levels.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI
INTERNSHIP REPORT ON
“TUNGABHADRA DAM POWER HOUSE’’
(ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION FROM HYDRO POWERPLANT)
Submitted in partial fulfillment for curriculum prescribed for EIGHT semester Bachelor’s degree in
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
during the year
2022-23
INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED BY
G N JYOTHI [3PG20EE405]
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Firdose P. M.Tech
Assistant Professor
HOD
Prof. PRAKASHA .S M.TECH. (PhD)
PRINCIPAL
Dr. Rohith U M ME.PhD
PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
T.B. DAM, HOSAPETE-583225

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 History
 Technical Details
 Dam Power House
 Reservoir
 Catchment Area
 Control Gate
 GENERATION UNIT
 Major Components of Generation Unit
 TRANSMISSION UNIT
 Major Components of Transmission Unit
 Advantages , disadvantages & Applications of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
History
The Tungabhadra dam also known as Pampa Sagar is constructed across the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of
the Krishna River, the dam is in Hosapete, vijayanagara district of Karnataka it is a multipurpose dam serving
irrigation, electricity generation, flood control etc.
The main contractor for the dam was Venkat Reddy, from Konour village, Andra Pradesh.

4. Technical Details
The dam creates the biggest reservoir on the Tungabhadra River with 101 tmcft of gross storage capacity at full
reservoir level (FRL) 498 m MSL, and water spread area of 378 square kilo metes. The dam is 49.39 meters high
above its deepest foundation. 33 crest gates The left canals emanating from the reservoir supplies water for irrigation
entirely in Karnataka state.
Dam Power House
Dam Power House is located at the foot of the dam. The gross head available at dam powerhouse for generation of
power varies from 13m to 26.8m (43ft to 88ft). The four turbines are connected with four steel penstocks, each of
3.3m (11 ft.) diameter.

5. Reservoir
Reservoir is the prime requirement of hydro electric power plant where the water is stored for power generation and the stored
water is used to run the turbines. The Tungabhadra reservoir popularly known as ‗Lake view‘ by all the youngsters around.
Catchment Area
It is the area of the land where rain water is stored behind the dam and it is called the catchment area of the dam.
Control Gate
Water from the reservoir is allowed to flow through the penstock to the turbine. The amount of water which
is to be released in the penstock can be controlled by a control gate.

6. GENERATION UNIT
Major Components of Generation Unit
Generator
Type and Rating of Generator:
Number of installed Four (4)
Type of Generator Vertical shaft, Kaplan turbine driven, alternating
current synchronous generator.
Rated Output 9 MVA
Rated Power Factor 0.9 lagging
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
No. of phases Three (3)
Rated Voltage 11 KV
Rated Speed 214.28 rpm
Direction of Rotation Clockwise viewed from top
Runnaway speed 780 mim-1
Stator winding connection Star (Y)

7. Excitation system :
Definition: The system which is used for providing the necessary field current to the rotor winding of the
synchronous machine, such type of system is called an excitation system.
Types of Excitation System:
The excitation system is mainly classified into three types. They are
•DC Excitation System
•AC Excitation System
1.Rotor Excitation System
2.Brushless Excitation System
•Static Excitation System

8. Turbine :
A Turbine is a device that harness the kinetic energy of some fluid such as water, steam, air, combustion
gases and turns into the rotational motion of the device itself.
KAPLAN TURBINE
Butterfly valve
The purpose of a butterfly valve is to regulate or isolate the flow of different type of fluid, gas or solid material and they
have applications across several industries.

9. Penstock:
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers
water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds
and watermills.
Governor:
A speed limited or controller device used to measure and regulate the speed of the machine such as engine.
Centrifugal governor is used to control the speed of the turbines shaft.

10. TRANSMISSION UNIT
Major Components of Transmission Unit
Transformer:
A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating current circuit to one or more other
circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage. It works on the principle of magnetic
induction.
Instrument Transformer:
Instruments transformer are of two types
 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer

11. Current Transformer
Current transformer is used to step down the current of
power system to a lower level to make it feasible to be
measured by small rating Ammeter (i.e. 5A ammeter).
Potential Transformer
Potential transformer is used to step down the voltage of
power system to a lower level to make is feasible to be
measured by small rating voltmeter i.e. 110 – 120 V
voltmeter.

12. Transmission Line:
Transmission lines carry electric energy from one point to another in an electric power system. They can carry
alternating current or direct current or a system can be a combination of both.
Earthing:
Earthing is used to protect you from an electric shock. It does this by providing a path (a protective conductor)
for a fault current to flow to earth.

13.  Advantages of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Water is used for this plant, so fuel cost is zero.
• It is neat and clean.
• Running charges are very small as water is frelly available.
• Low maintenance cost.
• Construction is simple.
• It has a longer life time.
• It doesn‘t need longer starting time. It starts instantly.
• It is the cheapest energy source.
• Water brings with it enormous energy.
• Secondary water flows are suitable for smaller plants.

14.  Disadvantages of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• High capital cost.
• At the time of installation highly skilled worker is required.
• Require huge amount of water all the time.
• Transmission cost is high.
• Can only be used in mountainous areas.
• A large amount of land needs to be flooded.
• Expensive to build.
• It is expensive.
• There are limited reservoirs.
• It is not always safe.

15.  Applications of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Generation of electric power.
• Storage of irrigation water.
• To control the floods in the rivers.
• Storage of drinking water supply.
• Small hydro power plant is used for serving a small community or industrial plant.
• Micro hydro power plant is user to provide power to an isolated home.