The document discusses the use of MATLAB for simulating hydro power generation, including its historical context and operational principles. It outlines the process of generating electricity from hydropower through water collection, turbines, and generators, while also addressing advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power. Additionally, it provides MATLAB code examples for calculating electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.

1. HYDRO POWER BY
MAT LAB
MS.C BOYS (22-24)
PRESENTED BY
CODING OF MAT LAB FOR
ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY HP

2. INTRODUCTION (MAT LAB)
MATLAB is a software used for solving mathematical problems,
analyzing data, and creating visualizations. It’s widely used in fields
like engineering, science, and finance. With MATLAB, you can
perform complex calculations, plot graphs easily. It offers a user-
friendly interface and extensive documentation, making it accessible
for beginners and experts alike. MATLAB is essential for tasks ranging
from academic research to industrial applications.

3. INTRODUCTION (HYDRO POWER)
• Ancient Greek farmers have used water wheels to grind wheat into
flour.
• In the early 1800’s, American and European factories made use of
the water wheel to run machines.
• In the late 19th century, hydropower was used for generating
electricity.
• Waterwheels and mills were used for irrigation and mining.
• Hydropower was the foremost source of energy for new inventions.

4. ROLE & WORKING OF HYDRO POWER
Hydropower typically works
Water Collection: The process begins with the collection of water
from a river, stream, or reservoir. This water is directed towards the
hydropower plant through intake structures, which may include gates
or screens to regulate flow and filter out debris.
Penstock: Once inside the plant, the water flows through a penstock,
which is a large pipe or tunnel. The penstock directs the water to the
turbine with controlled pressure and velocity.

5. Turbine: As the water passes through the penstock, it strikes the
blades of a turbine, causing them to rotate. The turbine is connected
to a generator, which converts the rotational energy into electrical
energy.
Generator: The rotating turbine shaft turns the rotor of the generator
within the powerhouse. This rotation induces an electromagnetic field
within the generator’s stator, producing electricity through
electromagnetic induction.

6. Transmission: The electricity generated by the generator is sent to a
transformer, which increases the voltage for efficient transmission
over long distances. The electricity then travels through transmission
lines to reach homes, businesses, and industries.
Return Flow: After passing through the turbine, the water exits the
powerhouse and is released back into the river or reservoir through a
discharge channel. This return flow may undergo treatment to remove
sediments or other pollutants to minimize environmental impacts.

7. Control Systems: Throughout the process, various control systems
monitor and regulate the flow of water, turbine speed, and electrical
output to ensure safe and efficient operation of the hydropower
plant.

8. VISUALIZATION OF WORKING OF HYDRO POWER
PLANT

9. TURBINE AND IT’S WORKING
Turbine :like a big fan turned by water, steam, or wind. When the
turbine spins, it’s connected to a generator. This spinning motion
generates electricity by moving magnets past coils of wire inside the
generator. So, basically, the turbine makes the generator create
electricity by spinning it around.

10. VISUALIZATION OF WORKING OF TURBINE

11. GENERATOR
A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction.
It typically consists of coils of wire rotating within a magnetic field,
causing a flow of electrons and generating an electric current.
Generators are essential components in power plants and various
applications where electricity is needed.

12. VISUALIZATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATE BY
GENERATOR

13. PRINCIPAL OF WORKING OF GENERATOR /
GENERATION OF ELECTRIC CITY
The principle behind generating current using mechanical energy in a
generator is electromagnetic induction. When a conductor (such as
a coil of wire) is moved within a magnetic field, it induces a current to
flow in the conductor. In a generator, mechanical energy (often from a
turbine or engine) is used to rotate a coil of wire within a magnetic
field, producing electric current.

14. ENERGY TRANSMISSION
Transmission: In the context of energy, refers to the process of
moving electrical power from its source, such as a power plant, to
consumers, typically through a network of power lines and
substations. Transmission systems are designed to efficiently
transport electricity over long distances with minimal loss.
In a hydro power plant, electrical energy is transmitted using power
lines, also known as transmission lines. These power lines are usually
made of conductive materials such as copper or aluminum and are
supported by towers or poles.

15. The electricity generated by the hydro power plant is sent through
these transmission lines to substations, where it may be stepped up
or stepped down in voltage before being distributed to homes,
businesses, and other consumers

16. VISUALIZATION OF TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY

17. ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
Finally, the electricity is distributed to homes, businesses, and other
consumers through local power lines.

18. ADVANTAGES
• Water is a renewable energy source. Maintenance and operation
charges are very low. The efficiency of the plant does not change
with age.
• In addition to power generation, hydro-electric power plants are
flood control, irrigation purposes, fishery . Also have a longer
life(100 to 125 years)
• Since hydro-electric power plants run at low speeds (300 to 400
rpm) there is ne requirement of special alloy steel construction
materials or specialized mechanical maintenance

19. DISADVANTAGES
• The initial cost of the plant is very high.
• Since they are located far away from the load center, cost of
transmission lines and transmission losses will be more.
• During drought season the power production may be reduced or
even stopped due to insufficient water in the reservoir. Water in the
reservoir is lost by evaporation.

20. CODE OF MATLAB PROGRAM FOR HYDRO POWER
• Generation of electricity by HP
• Transmission of electricity obtained from HP
• Distribution of electricity
Now we have three different coding for

22. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

23. CODE FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
% Constants
gravity = 9.81; % m/s^2 (acceleration due to gravity)
density_water = 1000; % kg/m^3 (density of water)
efficiency_turbine = 0.8; % efficiency of the turbine

24. % Inputs
height = 100; % meters (height of water source)
flow_rate = 50; % cubic meters per second (flow rate of water)
% Energy calculation
potential_energy = density_water * gravity * height * flow_rate; %
Potential energy of water

25. Power_generated = efficiency_turbine * potential_energy; % Power
generated by the turbine
% Display the results
disp([‘Potential Energy of Water: ‘ num2str(potential_energy) ‘
Watts’]);
disp([‘Power Generated: ‘ num2str(power_generated) ‘ Watts’]);

26. CODING FOR TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY
% Constants
transmission_loss = 0.05; % Transmission loss (as a fraction)
% Inputs
power_generated = 1000; % Watts (total power generated)
power_transmitted = power_generated * (1 – transmission_loss); %
Watts (power transmitted after losses)

27. % Display the results
disp([‘Power Generated: ‘ num2str(power_generated) ‘ Watts’]);
disp([‘Power Transmitted: ‘ num2str(power_transmitted) ‘ Watts’]);

28. CODING FOR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY
% Constants
num_loads = 5; % Number of loads
transmission_loss = 0.05; % Transmission loss (as a fraction)
% Inputs
power_generated = 1000; % Watts (total power generated)
load_demands = [200, 150, 300, 250, 200]; % Watts (power demand of
each load)

29. % Calculate total power demand
total_demand = sum(load_demands);
% Calculate power available after transmission loss
power_available = power_generated * (1 – transmission_loss);
% Calculate power distributed to each load
power_per_load = power_available / num_loads;

30. % Check if total demand exceeds available power
if total_demand > power_available
disp(‘Warning: Total demand exceeds available power!’);
else
% Display power distribution to each load
disp([‘Total Power Available: ‘ num2str(power_available) ‘ Watts’]);
for I = 1:num_loads

31. disp([‘Power Distributed to Load ‘ num2str(i) ‘: ‘
num2str(power_per_load) ‘ Watts’]);
end
end
After that we apply in these code on mat lab and get the solution
according to our desire application of this code can be scene at you
tube line is given
https://youtu.be/VRY6HlwKmTo?si=BLQl2ktprHsGiyaq

32. THANK YOU!
FOR WATCHING & LISTENING