June 2014 hf operations (handout-na student summit)
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This document discusses considerations for hydraulic fracturing operations, separating facts from fiction. It addresses surface considerations like air emissions, water use, water handling and impacts. It also covers subsurface considerations like protecting underground water resources and well integrity. Key points include the large distances separating shale formations from groundwater; standards for well construction; and water issues like reuse, disposal and assessing cumulative impacts.
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June 2014 hf operations (handout-na student summit)
- 1. June 20, 2014 Mark K. Boling President HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OPERATIONS: SEPARATING FACT FROM FICTION
- 2. Development Considerations 1 Surface Considerations Subsurface Considerations
- 3. Surface Considerations 2 Air Emissions Water Use Water Handling Water Reuse & Disposal Surface Impact • Drilling Locations • Truck Traffic & Road Damage • Infrastructure
- 4. Subsurface Considerations 3 Protecting Underground Water Resources Frac Fluid Disclosure
- 5. Protecting Underground Water Resources 4 Well Integrity Is the Key!
- 6. Well Integrity 5 Well Construction Standards 2 Evaluate Stratigraphic Confinement 1 Evaluate Mechanical Integrity of Well 3 Monitor Frac Job & Producing Well 4
- 7. 4000’ of Sediment Surface Casing 550’ 400’ Usable Fresh Water 2100’ Various Atoka Sands & Shales 1300’ Upper Hale 600’ Morrow Shale Hindsville 300’ Fayetteville Shale Evaluating Stratigraphic Confinement 6 Cross sectional view Virtually all fresh water wells are less than 500 feet deep in the Fayetteville Shale area Thousands of feet of rock separates the Fayetteville Shale from shallow, freshwater zones
- 8. Evaluating Stratigraphic Confinement Shallow Wells and “Frac Hits” 7 850’ 400’ Usable Fresh Water 300’ Fayetteville Shale 450’ Atoka Sands & Shales Abandoned Well Transmissive Fault In most shallow formations (less than ~2,000’), the hydraulic fracture will propagate in a horizontal direction. Cross sectional view
- 9. FRESH WATER AQUIFER ZONE SHALLOW PRODUCING ZONE CONDUCTOR PIPE SURFACE CASING PRODUCTION CASING TARGET PRODUCING ZONE GOOD MECHANICAL INTEGRITY
- 10. CEMENT CHANNELING PRESSURE BUILDS UP CONDUCTOR PIPE SURFACE CASING PRODUCTION CASING FRESH WATER AQUIFER ZONE SHALLOW PRODUCING ZONE TARGET PRODUCING ZONE CASING CEMENT FORMATION
- 11. Surface Considerations 10 Air Emissions Water Use Water Handling Water Reuse & Disposal Surface Impact • Drilling Locations • Truck Traffic & Road Damage • Infrastructure
- 12. Regulating Air Emissions 11 Reduction Technology • Catalytic reduction • Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel • LNG and CNG fuels • Oxidation catalysts • Green completions, vapor recovery units, low bleed/no bleed pneumatic devices, plunger lift systems, leak detection Emission Type • NOx • SO2 • CO • Particulates • CH4 • VOCs (incl. BTEX) Emission Levels • EPA • Industry • State regulators • Research groups
- 13. Water Issues 12 Water Use Water Handling Water Reuse & Disposal
- 15. 14 USA Baseline Water Stress
- 16. Water Use Issues 15 Location, Rate & Timing of Withdrawals Cumulative Impact Assessment 15 Volumes Needed
- 17. Water Handling 16 Trucks vs. Pipeline • Truck Traffic • Road Damage Impoundments vs. Tanks • Closed-Loop Drilling Systems • Recycling Logistics • Air Emissions Tracking Wastewater • Characterize Wastewater • Record Volumes Produced • Verify Volumes Delivered
- 18. Water Reuse & Disposal Water Recycling & Reuse • Volume and quality of wastewater • Chemical compatibility • Storage and transportation logistics Water Treatment Facilities • Flowback & produced water chemistry • Capacity & Capability limitations (NORM, DBPs, heavy metals) • Central vs. drill site facilities Water Disposal Wells • Geological & hydrological limitations • NIMBY concerns • Triggered seismicity considerations 17
- 19. 25,000’ IGNEOUS BASEMENT LIMESTONE SHALE TRIGGERED SEISMICITY WATER DISPOSAL WELLWATER DISPOSAL WELL HORIZONTAL SHALE WELL SAND The largest recorded seismic event generates the same amount of energy as would be released when dropping a gallon of milk from chest high to the floor. EXISTING STRESS NEW STRESS
- 20. Surface Impact 19 Infrastructure • Compressors • Pipelines • Roads • Water treatment facilities Truck Traffic & Road Damage Drilling Locations • Pit construction • Erosion and sedimentation • Chemical storage
- 21. June 20, 2014 Mark K. Boling President HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OPERATIONS: SEPARATING FACT FROM FICTION