The document describes modeling stream runoff from three watersheds in Korea with different forest stands using the WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) model. The three watersheds modeled are: 1) Gwangneung-Conifer, 2) Gwangneung-Deciduous, and 3) Yangju-Mixed. For each watershed, daily and monthly precipitation data, observed runoff, and runoff simulated by WEPP are presented. Results show that WEPP was able to adequately simulate stream runoff for the three watersheds, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values ranging from 0.668 to 0.723 when compared to observed runoff data.
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Sapflow 2015: Does N or P also affect water use in the MELNHE plots?
Brigid Farrell and Isaac Jo, MELNHE,
Sapflow rates were taken from species of primary canopy dominance over a period of ten days. Optimal rates were used to assess overall productivity in sites of varying nutrient availability.
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Sapflow 2015: Does N or P also affect water use in the MELNHE plots?
Brigid Farrell and Isaac Jo, MELNHE,
Sapflow rates were taken from species of primary canopy dominance over a period of ten days. Optimal rates were used to assess overall productivity in sites of varying nutrient availability.
Best Fit and Selection of Probability Distribution Models for Frequency Analy...IJERD Editor
Frequency analysis of extreme low mean annual rainfall events is important to water resource planners at catchment level because mean annual rainfall is an important parameter in determining mean annual runoff. Mean annual runoff is an important input in determining surface water available for water resource infrastructure development. In order to carry out frequency analysis of extreme low mean annual rainfall events, it is necessary to identify the best fit probability distribution models (PDMs) for the frequency analysis. The primary objective of the study was to develop two model identification criteria. The first criterion was developed to identify candidate probability distribution models from which the best fit probability distribution models were identified. The second criterion was applied to select the best fit probability distribution models from the candidate models. The secondary objectives were:
"Design of Resilient Agro-Ecosystems" is University of Nebraska research by Trenton Franz. Please attribute accordingly.
The research was presented Sept. 19, 2017 at the Faculty Fellow Dialogue, hosted by the Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute at the University of Nebraska.
APPLICATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMMING IN FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSISMohd Danish
Flood frequency and its magnitude are essential for the proper design of hydraulics structures such as bridges, spillways, culverts, waterways, roads, railways, flood control structures and urban drainage systems. Since, flood is a very complex natural event depending upon characteristics of catchment, rainfall conditions and various other factors, thus its analytical modelling is very difficult to pursue. Recently, artificial intelligence techniques such as gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural network (ANN) etc. have been found to be efficient in modelling complex problems in hydraulic engineering. The performance of GEP model has been reported to be better than that of the ANN. Moreover, GEP provides mathematical equation which makes it more superior over other soft computing techniques that do not give any analytical mathematical equation. Therefore, in present study, GEP is implemented in flood frequency analysis for typical Indian river gauging station. The results obtained in the present study are highly promising and suggest that GEP modelling is a versatile technique and represents an improved alternative to the more conventional approach for the flood frequency analysis.
Application of mathematical modelling in rainfall forcast a csae study in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Malaysia receives rainfall from 2000 mm to 4000 mm annually where it is greatly influenced by two monsoon periods in November to March and May to September. The state of Sarawak is well known for its long and wide rivers. Numerous activities such as commercial, industrial and residential can always be found in the vicinity of the rivers. The activities have started since decades ago and still continue to grow and spatially expanding through times providing incomes ranging from small farmers to the largest corporations. Unfortunately, these areas are expected to experience frequent flood events as well as possible receding water level in rivers based on the findings of previous studies. If the projections are accurate, the productivity of these activities will be reduced, hence, in a longer term may affect the economy of the state as whole as well. Therefore, there is an urgent need for existing knowledge on rainfall behavior to be revised as effects of climate change with the intention that the state can fully utilize the favorable conditions and make scientific based decisions in the future. Recent study reveals that the Fourier series (FS), has the ability to simulate long-term rainfall up to 300 years is viewed as an important finding in the study of rainfall forecast. Long-term rainfall forecasting is viewed to be beneficial to the state of Sarawak in its future planning in various sectors such as water supply, flood mitigation, river transportation as well as agriculture. The main goal of the study is to apply a mathematical modeling in rainfall forecasting for the Sungai Sarawak basin. Data from eight rain gauge stations was analyzed and prepared for missing data, consistency check and adequacy of number of stations. Simple statistical analysis was conducted on the data such as maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation. 27 years of annual rainfall data were simulated with the Fourier Series equation using spreadsheet. Hence, the result was compared with the Fitting N-term Harmonic Series. The model result reveals that the Fourier Series has the ability to simulate the observed data by being able to describe the rainfall pattern and there is a reasonable relationship between the simulation and observed data with p-value of 0.93. Keywords: Fourier series, Mathematical
Nepal does not have own climate projection model. Therefore, climate change studies in Nepal completely depend on the results of available model throughout the world. Many field based studies have proven that Nepal is the most vulnerable country in the context of climate change due to limited capacity to adapt to it. On the other hand, it is a big challenge to natural scientists to demonstrate climate change physically because of limited resources. Due to the complex geography of Nepal, most of the global climate projections are not able to capture the temporal and spatial climatic variability. In consideration to this problem, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) of Nepal has initiated a project to downscale climatic parameters regionally with technical support from the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) under the financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB). They used three different Regional Climate Models (RCM); PRECIS, RegCM4, and WRF under AR4 scenarios. However, there is still a lot of discrepancy among these projections which have created confusion among the stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of my presentation will be to focus on the discussion over these issues among the climate experts at UNBC.
Assessment of two Methods to study Precipitation PredictionAI Publications
Presipitation analysis plays an important role in hydrological studies. In this study, using 50 years of rainfall data and ARIMA model, critical areas of Iran were determined. For this purpose, annual rainfall data of 112 different synoptic stations in Iran were gathered. To summarize, it could be concluded that: ARIMA model was an appropriate tool to forecast annual rainfall. According to obtained results from relative error, five stations were in critical condition. At 45 stations accrued rainfalls with amounts of less than half of average in the 50-year period. Therefore, in these 45 areas, chance of drought is more than other areas of Iran.
Best Fit and Selection of Probability Distribution Models for Frequency Analy...IJERD Editor
Frequency analysis of extreme low mean annual rainfall events is important to water resource planners at catchment level because mean annual rainfall is an important parameter in determining mean annual runoff. Mean annual runoff is an important input in determining surface water available for water resource infrastructure development. In order to carry out frequency analysis of extreme low mean annual rainfall events, it is necessary to identify the best fit probability distribution models (PDMs) for the frequency analysis. The primary objective of the study was to develop two model identification criteria. The first criterion was developed to identify candidate probability distribution models from which the best fit probability distribution models were identified. The second criterion was applied to select the best fit probability distribution models from the candidate models. The secondary objectives were:
"Design of Resilient Agro-Ecosystems" is University of Nebraska research by Trenton Franz. Please attribute accordingly.
The research was presented Sept. 19, 2017 at the Faculty Fellow Dialogue, hosted by the Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute at the University of Nebraska.
APPLICATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMMING IN FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSISMohd Danish
Flood frequency and its magnitude are essential for the proper design of hydraulics structures such as bridges, spillways, culverts, waterways, roads, railways, flood control structures and urban drainage systems. Since, flood is a very complex natural event depending upon characteristics of catchment, rainfall conditions and various other factors, thus its analytical modelling is very difficult to pursue. Recently, artificial intelligence techniques such as gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural network (ANN) etc. have been found to be efficient in modelling complex problems in hydraulic engineering. The performance of GEP model has been reported to be better than that of the ANN. Moreover, GEP provides mathematical equation which makes it more superior over other soft computing techniques that do not give any analytical mathematical equation. Therefore, in present study, GEP is implemented in flood frequency analysis for typical Indian river gauging station. The results obtained in the present study are highly promising and suggest that GEP modelling is a versatile technique and represents an improved alternative to the more conventional approach for the flood frequency analysis.
Application of mathematical modelling in rainfall forcast a csae study in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Malaysia receives rainfall from 2000 mm to 4000 mm annually where it is greatly influenced by two monsoon periods in November to March and May to September. The state of Sarawak is well known for its long and wide rivers. Numerous activities such as commercial, industrial and residential can always be found in the vicinity of the rivers. The activities have started since decades ago and still continue to grow and spatially expanding through times providing incomes ranging from small farmers to the largest corporations. Unfortunately, these areas are expected to experience frequent flood events as well as possible receding water level in rivers based on the findings of previous studies. If the projections are accurate, the productivity of these activities will be reduced, hence, in a longer term may affect the economy of the state as whole as well. Therefore, there is an urgent need for existing knowledge on rainfall behavior to be revised as effects of climate change with the intention that the state can fully utilize the favorable conditions and make scientific based decisions in the future. Recent study reveals that the Fourier series (FS), has the ability to simulate long-term rainfall up to 300 years is viewed as an important finding in the study of rainfall forecast. Long-term rainfall forecasting is viewed to be beneficial to the state of Sarawak in its future planning in various sectors such as water supply, flood mitigation, river transportation as well as agriculture. The main goal of the study is to apply a mathematical modeling in rainfall forecasting for the Sungai Sarawak basin. Data from eight rain gauge stations was analyzed and prepared for missing data, consistency check and adequacy of number of stations. Simple statistical analysis was conducted on the data such as maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation. 27 years of annual rainfall data were simulated with the Fourier Series equation using spreadsheet. Hence, the result was compared with the Fitting N-term Harmonic Series. The model result reveals that the Fourier Series has the ability to simulate the observed data by being able to describe the rainfall pattern and there is a reasonable relationship between the simulation and observed data with p-value of 0.93. Keywords: Fourier series, Mathematical
Nepal does not have own climate projection model. Therefore, climate change studies in Nepal completely depend on the results of available model throughout the world. Many field based studies have proven that Nepal is the most vulnerable country in the context of climate change due to limited capacity to adapt to it. On the other hand, it is a big challenge to natural scientists to demonstrate climate change physically because of limited resources. Due to the complex geography of Nepal, most of the global climate projections are not able to capture the temporal and spatial climatic variability. In consideration to this problem, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) of Nepal has initiated a project to downscale climatic parameters regionally with technical support from the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) under the financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB). They used three different Regional Climate Models (RCM); PRECIS, RegCM4, and WRF under AR4 scenarios. However, there is still a lot of discrepancy among these projections which have created confusion among the stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of my presentation will be to focus on the discussion over these issues among the climate experts at UNBC.
Assessment of two Methods to study Precipitation PredictionAI Publications
Presipitation analysis plays an important role in hydrological studies. In this study, using 50 years of rainfall data and ARIMA model, critical areas of Iran were determined. For this purpose, annual rainfall data of 112 different synoptic stations in Iran were gathered. To summarize, it could be concluded that: ARIMA model was an appropriate tool to forecast annual rainfall. According to obtained results from relative error, five stations were in critical condition. At 45 stations accrued rainfalls with amounts of less than half of average in the 50-year period. Therefore, in these 45 areas, chance of drought is more than other areas of Iran.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
July 31-1030-Hakjun Rhee
1. Modeling stream runoff from three
watersheds with different forest stands in
Korea using the WEPP model
Hakjun Rhee, Hung Tae Choi, and Anurag Srivastava
2. 2
1. Background and Objectives
Water Resources Management by Managing Forests
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
Nation/
Region
Species/
forest type
Treatment Change in runoff
USA Whole US LAI 20%, 50%, 80% decrease 3%, 8%, 13% increase
CA 40% thinning 9% increase
AZ Ponderosa 50% thinning 8% increase
Japan Japanese
cypress
58% thinning (43% DBH area)
241mm (7.4% individual, 4.8% monthly
precipitation increase)
Australia Eucalyptus
12~50% thinning
10~35% increase
(effect lasts for 4~15 years)
Italy Calabrian
pine
50% thinning (30% DBH area)
Groundwater increase in spring
and summer
Greece Oak 50% DBH area 13.2 mm increase
Turkey Deciduous 11% thinning 8 mm increase in first year
Oak 18% thinning No change in RO (20% threshold)
W Africa Minimum 50% thinning Runoff increase
3. 3
Forest watershed can be managed for water resources, and watershed
modeling is needed to access the effects of forest management
(thinning, timber harvesting, and wildland fire) on water resources
Forest watershed modeling in Korea
1) Choosing a physically-based model and modeling for baseline
conditions (long-term undisturbed forest)
2) Modeling for managed (disturbed) forest conditions
1. Background and Objectives
Forest Watershed Modeling in Korea
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
4. 4
WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project)
− A physically-based and distributed-parameter watershed hydrology and
erosion model
− WEPP simulates the hydrologic and erosion impacts of
i. Climate
ii. Soil
iii. Topography
iv. Land use and vegetation growth
− WEPP outputs daily water balance, sediment yield and deposition
− Adequate for small-size watersheds
2. Method
WEPP Model
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
5. 5
Various types of interfaces
2. Method
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
6. 6
2. Method
Modeling Sites in Korea
o Gwangneung-Conifer
o Watershed size: 13.6 ha
o Annual precip: 1,503mm
o Soil depth: 30~60cm
o Parent rock: Granite gneiss
o Soil texture: Sandy Loam
o Forest type: Conifer
o Species: Korean pine, fir
o Age class: IV
o Gwangneung-Deciduous
o Watershed size: 22.0 ha
o Annual precip: 1,503mm
o Soil depth: 30~60cm
o Parent rock: Granite gneiss
o Yangju-Mixed
o Watershed size: 5.2 ha
o Annual precip: 1,503mm
o Soil depth: 30~60cm
o Parent rock: Granite gneiss
o Soil texture: Sandy loam
o Forest type: Deciduous
o Species: Oak, Japanese larch
o Age class: VI
o Soil texture: Sandy loam
o Forest type: Mixed
o Species: Pine, oak
o Age class: IV
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
7. 7
2. Method
WEPP Inputs and Information
for Modeling Sites in Korea
ArcGIS version 10.3.1
Inputs
− Climate: Korea Meteorological Administration AWS (Automatic Weather System)
data for Gwangneung and Yangju
− Soil: Modified sandy loam forest soil file based on western US
− Topography: 5m DEM (ASCII) from NIFoS (National Institute of Forest Science)
of Korea Forest Service
− Land use: Forest file (Forest.rot) in WEPP and LAI (Leaf Area Index) 6
− Muskingum Cunge method for water balance
At least 15 years of monitoring stream runoff data (2003-2017)
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
8. 8
GIS WEPP modeling for Gwangneung-Conifer
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
9. 9
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Gwangneung-Conifer daily precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP
simulated runoff from 2003 to 2007
0
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Month-Year
prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
10. Gwangneung-Conifer daily precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP
simulated runoff from 2008 to 2012
10
0
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2000
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prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
11. Gwangneung-Conifer daily precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP
simulated runoff from 2013 to 2017
11
0
20
40
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180
2000
10
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prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
12. Gwangneung-Conifer monthly precipitation, observed runoff, and
WEPP simulated runoff
12
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
13. 13
Results comparisons for Gwangneung-Conifer
Average annual precipitation: 1,394 mm
Observed annual runoff: 797 mm
Observed ET rate: 42.8%
WEPP simulated annual runoff: 555 mm
WEPP simulated ET rate: 60.8%
NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency): 0.723
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
14. GIS WEPP modeling for Gwangneung-Deciduous
14
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
15. Gwangneung-Deciduous daily precipitation, observed runoff, and
WEPP simulated runoff from 2003 to 2007
15
0
20
40
60
80
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120
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160
180
2000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Precip(mm)
Runoff(mm)
Month-Year
prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
16. Gwangneung-Deciduous daily precipitation, observed runoff, and
WEPP simulated runoff from 2008 to 2012
16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Precip(mm)
Runoff(mm)
Month-Year
prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
17. Gwangneung-Deciduous daily precipitation, observed runoff, and
WEPP simulated runoff from 2013 to 2017
17
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
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90
100
Precip(mm)
Runoff(mm)
Month-Year
prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
18. Gwangneung-Deciduous monthly precipitation, observed runoff, and
WEPP simulated runoff
18
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
19. 19
Results comparisons for Gwangneung-Deciduous
Average annual precipitation: 1,394 mm
Observed annual runoff: 1,011 mm
Observed ET rate: 27.5%
WEPP simulated annual runoff: 566 mm
WEPP simulated ET rate: 59.4%
NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency): 0.668
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
20. GIS WEPP modeling for Yangju-Mixed
20
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
21. GIS WEPP modeling for Yangju-Mixed
21
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
22. Yangju-Mixed daily precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP simulated
runoff from 2003 to 2007
22
0
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40
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Precip(mm)
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3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
23. Yangju-Mixed daily precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP simulated
runoff from 2008 to 2012
23
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3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
24. Yangju-Mixed daily precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP simulated
runoff from 2013 to 2017
24
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prcp Obs RO WEPP RO
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
25. Yangju-Mixed monthly precipitation, observed runoff, and WEPP
simulated runoff
25
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
26. 26
Results comparisons for Yangju-Mixed
Average annual precipitation: 1,350 mm
Observed annual runoff: 724 mm
Observed ET rate: 46.4%
WEPP simulated annual runoff: 496 mm
WEPP simulated ET rate: 63.3%
NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency): 0.570
3. Results
WEPP Stream Runoff Modeling
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
27. 27
4. Conclusions
NSEs shows that WEPP simulates stream runoff reasonably (NSE = 0.723,
0.668, 570)
WEPP underestimated stream runoff, especially in winter and spring
Observed ET rates of 42.8%, 27.5%, 46.4%, as compared to WEPP simulated
ET rates of 60.8%, 59.4%, 63.3% for Gwangneung-Conifer, Gwangneung-
Deciduous, and Yangju-Mixed
− ET in Korea forests < ET in western US
Currently only conifer forest type
− Increases a difference in deciduous forest type
Parameterization and enhancement needed on WEPP soil and land use
inputs (e.g., deciduous and mixed forest types, LAI) to simulate different
forest conditions in Korea
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA
28. 28
Thank you
Modeling stream runoff from three watersheds with different forest stands in Korea using the WEPP model
Rhee H, Choi HT, Srivastava A7/31/2019 @ Pittsburgh, PA