Young Adult Weight Gain and the Role of Higher Education 10.28.09
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1. The study analyzed weight gain data from ages 18 to 22 for young adults in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. 2. College graduates gained an average of 1.6 kg/m2 (11 lbs) while non-college graduates gained 1.9 kg/m2 (13 lbs) on average. 3. College graduation was associated with 0.34 kg/m2 less weight gain (2 lbs less) compared to non-college graduates.
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![Young adult weight gain and the role of higher education J. Jane S. Jue, MD, 1 Gail B. Slap, MD,MS, 2,4 Virginia W. Chang, MD,PhD 2,3 1 RWJF CSP, 2 Department of Medicine, 3 Department of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania; 4 Department of Pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Table 1: Demographic characteristics of cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* p < 0.00001 Table 2: Predictors of change in BMI from 18 to 22 * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p < 0.0001 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background ,[object Object],[object Object],Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Abstract Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],Policy Implications Unadjusted (95% CI) Adjusted (95%) College degree -0.19 (-.41, .03) -0.34 (-.59, -.08) ** Gender: Female 0.18 (.002, .36) * 0.15 (-.04, .34) Ethnicity: Hispanic 0.22 (-.001,.43) 0.05 (-.21, .32) Race: African American -0.23 (-.43, -.02) -0.26 (-.50, -.02) * Current Smoking -0.43 (-.62, -.25) *** -0.45 (-.66, -.25) *** Household income > 50 percentile 0.007 (-.29, .30) 0.03 (-.30, .37) Maternal education >HS -0.30 (-.64, .05) 0.06 (-.36, .48) Limiting health condition -0.13 (-.41, 14) -0.10 (-.38, .19) Non-graduates (n = 7304) College graduates (n=1680) Women 46% 59% Race/Ethnicity † Hispanic 23% 11% Non-Hispanic Black 28% 16% Non-Hispanic White 45% 68% Non-Hispanic Other 3% 6% Maternal education > HS 33% 68% * Any limiting health or emotional condition 13% 5% * Current tobacco use at 18 yo 36% 19% * Current alcohol use at 18 yo 45% 51% * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Limitations](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/juejane-youngadultweightgainandtheroleofhighereducation-10-28-09-100818152206-phpapp02/85/Young-Adult-Weight-Gain-and-the-Role-of-Higher-Education-10-28-09-1-320.jpg)
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Diet and Exercise Research Paper 2 PC corrected
This meta-analysis reviewed 7 randomized controlled trials examining the effects of diet, exercise, and mixed interventions on obesity measures in children. The studies included a total of 1,530 children who were approximately 55% overweight or obese at baseline. The analysis found no statistically significant effects of any intervention type on BMI, BMI z-score, or weight compared to controls. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies. While the results did not support the efficacy of these interventions, dietary interventions favored weight gain while exercise and mixed interventions favored weight loss, though insignificantly. Additional high-quality research is still needed to determine effective obesity interventions for children.
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic.docx
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic diseases among children. These rates have increased at an alarming rate and is a major public health problem because of related physical and psychological comorbidities, including type II diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders. Dramatic increase in the number of overweight and obese children in recent years.
Studies indicate that children's lives may be shortened as a result of this alarming health problem. Estimates state that for any degree of overweight/obesity, younger adults (20-30 years of age) may have greater years of life lost due to obesity than older adults. Childhood obesity has been determined to be an independent risk factor for adult overweight/obesity.
To combat childhood obesity, there is a great need for public health interventions as well as education parents regarding childhood obesity and its consequences. Parents differ on causation of obesity, and differ in focus on nutrition and physical exercise. Many parents in the research do not see obesity as a barrier to physical activity. The parents need to recognize their child as overweight. Prevention is the most effective method for dealing with this growing health concern. The evidence reviewed, confirmed that family-centered interventions were associated with short-term reduction in obesity and improved medical parameters. The goal should be to involve community resources and provider referrals. Nurse Practitioners have a unique role in being the best facilitators to deliver health messages and are able to educate parents and increase awareness about the causes and consequences of childhood obesity.
Parents of young children need to interact with their child's primary healthcare provider for health advice and preventive health information during regularly scheduled physical examinations. It is up to the parents of these young children to combat intervention strategies such as:
a combination of nutritional and activity information, a cognitive-behavioral aspect to the intervention parent-directed activities
limiting sedentary child behaviors, provide positive approaches with children by parents and practitioners (e.g., emphasize positive rewards for healthy behaviors, encourage self-efficacy)
Future research is required to identify moderators and mediators to produce enduring changes in weight status of children.
The Objective was to determine in children who are at risk for becoming overweight or obese, does education with parental involvement on exercise and nutrition compared to individual education with the child alone decrease the risk of developing obesity and the health problems associated with obesity?
(P) In overweight, obese, or at risk young children (2-18years of age) Is family centered education/treatment interventions
(C) versus control or comparison interventions
(O) more effective in decreasing childhood obesity and compli.
Poster
This study assessed behavioral problems among overweight school children in Tarrant County, Texas. Survey data on over 3,500 Caucasian and Hispanic children aged 0-14 was analyzed. Results showed that among Caucasian children, being overweight or obese was linked to behavioral issues like bullying others, exhibiting problematic social behaviors, and experiencing bullying. However, weight status did not significantly predict suspensions for Hispanic children. The study concludes that childhood obesity can negatively impact physical and mental health into adulthood, and suggests further research on academic and social development impacts.
Disparities in Overweight and ObesityAmong US College Studen.docx
Disparities in Overweight and Obesity
Among US College Students
Toben F. Nelson, ScD; Steven L. Gortmaker, PhD; S.V. Subramanian, PhD
Lilian Cheung, ScD; Henry Wechsler, PhD
Objectives: To examine social dis-
parities and behavioral correlates
of overweight and obesity over time
among college students. Methods:
Multilevel analyses of BMI, physi-
cal activity, and television viewing
from 2 representative surveys of
US college students (n=24,613).
Results: Overweight and obesity
increased over time and were higher
among males, African Americans,
and students of lower socioeco-
nomic position and lower among
Asians. Television viewing and in
activity were associated with obe-
sity, and disparities in these behav-
iors partially accounted for excess
weight among African Americans.
Conclusions: Social disparities in
overweight and obesity exist among
college students. Promoting physi-
cal activity and reducing televi-
sion viewing may counteract in-
creasing trends.
Key words: obesity, college stu-
dents, physical activity, televi-
sion viewing, social disparities
Am J Health Behav. 2007;31(4):363-373
Overweight and obesity have in-creased dramatically over the past30 years among both adults and
children in the United States.''^ The in-
crease in overweight and obesity h a s
been observed in all age, gender, and
racial/ethnic groups^'^ and is rising more
rapidly among women, young adults, His-
panics and non-Hispanic blacks, and
people with some college education,^'^
Higher rates are observed among minor-
Toben F. Nelson, Research Associate, Depart-
ment of Society, Human Development and Health;
Steven L. Gortmaker, Professor, Department of
Society, Human Development and Health; S.V.
Subramanian, Assistant Professor, Department
of Society, Human Development and Health; Lilian
Cheung, Lecturer, Department of Nutrition; Henry
Wechsler, Lecturer on Society, Human Develop-
ment and Health, all from the Harvard School of
Public Health, Boston, MA.
Address correspondence to Dr Nelson, Harvard
School of Public Health, Department of Society,
Human Development and Health, 677 Hunting-
ton Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail:
[email protected] harvard, edu
ity racial/ethnic groups, most notably
African Americans and Hispanics.*"® Per-
sons of lower socioeconomic position gen-
erally also have higher rates of obesity,^'
Healthy People 2010 goals for the nation's
health include a reduction in the preva-
lence of obesity and the elimination of
disparities in health across different seg-
ments of the population.'"
Obesity is a s s o c i a t e d with major
chronic diseases, such as cardiovascu-
lar disease, some cancers, type 2 diabe-
t e s , ' ' ' ^ and creates a major burden for
health care systems.'^'''^ Although the full
population health consequences of this
epidemic have not yet been realized, the
potential impact for future decreased life
expectancy and poor health due to obesity
is considerable.'* The poor health out-
comes of obesity usually mani.
Orthopaedic Issues with Childhood Obesity
This document summarizes trends in childhood obesity in the United States. It finds that obesity rates have doubled in children ages 2-5 and tripled in children ages 6-11 and 12-19 between 1976-2008. Currently, around 32% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese. Obesity rates vary significantly by race and ethnicity, with non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth having higher rates. Childhood obesity is associated with serious health risks that often continue into adulthood such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and psychological issues. A multifaceted response is needed that addresses individual, family, community and societal factors contributing to the current obesogenic environment experienced by many youth.
Review article by me
This document summarizes a systematic review of factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity in South Asian countries. The review included 11 studies from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka that used BMI to measure overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The studies found wide variation in overweight prevalence from 3.1-19.7% and obesity prevalence from 1.2-14.5%. Lack of physical activity was associated with overweight/obesity in most studies, while higher socioeconomic status, urban residence, and consumption of junk food/fast food were also identified as risk factors.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docx
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
obesity Final.pptx
Childhood obesity is a major public health concern that affects 25% of preschool children globally. It is measured using body mass index (BMI), which compares height and weight, with overweight defined as a BMI of 25-29.9 and obesity as a BMI of 30 or greater. Obese children often experience medical issues like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea. They also face socio-emotional consequences like poor self-esteem, fewer friends, and higher rates of behavioral problems and school absenteeism. Addressing obesity requires efforts from parents, healthcare experts, and the community to support children's wellbeing and development.
2005 06-13 overweight-childrenadolescents
The document discusses the growing epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States. Some key points:
- The percentage of overweight children has more than doubled from the late 1970s to 2000, and tripled for adolescents. Close to 1 in 5 children are now overweight or obese.
- This increase in overweight is associated with significant health impacts, including increased risk for conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. Medical costs of obesity are substantial.
- Factors contributing to the rise in childhood overweight include decreases in physical activity and increases in caloric intake from foods like snacks, soft drinks and fast food. Children on average spend much more time engaged in sedentary activities now compared to the past.
Reducing Childhood Obesity through US Federal Policy
This document summarizes a study that used a microsimulation model to estimate the potential impact of three federal policies on childhood obesity rates in the United States by 2032: 1) expanding federally funded afterschool physical activity programs, 2) implementing a $0.01/ounce excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages, and 3) banning television advertising of fast food targeted at children under 12 years old. The microsimulation predicted that afterschool physical activity programs would reduce childhood obesity the most among 6-12 year olds, while the advertising ban would reduce it the least. A sugar-sweetened beverage excise tax was estimated to reduce adolescent obesity the most. All three policies were found to help reduce obesity dispar
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY.docx
This document discusses obesity and related topics including definitions, causes, and health impacts. It defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. Obesity is generally caused by consuming more calories than are expended through exercise and physical activity. The document also reviews several related studies that examine trends in obesity prevalence and factors influencing obesity rates among populations in different regions and socioeconomic groups.
Benchmark Funding Plan Assignment.docx
This document provides instructions for a funding plan assignment to address adolescent obesity in a targeted community. It describes the health disparity of higher obesity rates among low-SES adolescents. The proposed intervention is a one-month behavioral change campaign involving school visits, digital/social media outreach, and community health worker training to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Sustainability will come from training adolescent peer educators. Cost savings will result from reduced healthcare utilization like hospitalizations, though exact figures are difficult to determine at the local level.
E D I T O R I A LInvited Commentary Childhood and Adolesc.docx
E D I T O R I A L
Invited Commentary: Childhood and Adolescent Obesity:
Psychological and Behavioral Issues in Weight Loss Treatment
David B. Sarwer • Rebecca J. Dilks
Received: 5 May 2011 / Accepted: 11 May 2011 / Published online: 31 May 2011
� Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
Abstract The prevalence of childhood and adolescent
obesity has tripled in the past three decades. This increase
has been accompanied by a dramatic rise in obesity-related
health complications among American youth. Thus, many
obese youth are now experiencing illnesses that will
threaten their life expectancy in the absence of significant
weight loss. Despite these concerns, a relatively modest
body of research has focused on the treatment of adolescent
obesity. Results from trials investigating the efficacy of
behavioral and pharmacological treatments, like studies of
these interventions with adults, suggest that individuals
typically lose 5–10% of their initial weight. Unfortunately,
weight regain is common. Given the increase in the number
of obese adolescents, coupled with the modest results from
more conservative treatment approaches, it is not surprising
that bariatric surgery for adolescents who suffer from
extreme obesity has grown in popularity. The weight losses
after surgery are impressive and many adolescents, like
adults, experience significant improvements in their phys-
ical and mental health postoperatively. However, only a
small fraction of adolescents and adults who are heavy
enough for bariatric surgery present for surgical treatment.
Among those who undergo surgery, a significant minority
appear to struggle with a number of behavioral and psy-
chosocial issues that threaten their lifelong success. With
all of this in mind, the current obesity problem in the
United States and other Westernized countries likely will
present a significant challenge to both current and future
medical and mental health professionals who work with
adolescents and young adults.
The Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Problem
Obesity is a growing problem among America’s youth. The
rate of obesity or overweight ([95th percentile for age and
gender) has doubled among children and tripled among
adolescents over the last 20 years (Ogden et al. 2002). The
most recent data suggests that 31% of children in the United
States are currently overweight or obese (Ogden et al. 2010),
which translates into approximately 5 million children.
Furthermore, recent estimates suggest that 4% of American
children and adolescents are above the 99th percentile and,
thus, are extremely obese (Freedman et al. 2007). This
percentage is larger than the number of American youth
affected by cancer, cystic fibrosis, HIV and type I diabetes
mellitus combined (Freedman et al. 2007).
Instead of using the term ‘‘obesity’’ with children and
adolescents, several authorities recommend using the
Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) BMI tables
(Kuczmarski et.
The need of Specific Exercise Programs in Schools
This presentation was used when i spoke to officials in MInnesotta. My program is working in several schools throughout the country.
For more information please visit: www.superbodysuperbrain.com
An Analysis of the Socioeconomic Factors that Contribute to Childhood Obesity...
1) Childhood obesity rates have risen dramatically in the US over the past 20 years, with approximately 17% of children aged 2-19 being obese. Obesity is associated with numerous health risks.
2) Socioeconomic status is a major risk factor for childhood obesity, as children from low-income families and neighborhoods face more barriers to healthy behaviors.
3) The document analyzes literature on socioeconomic factors that influence childhood obesity rates, such as access to nutritious foods and opportunities for physical activity. It aims to identify effective policy interventions.
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...
Objective To assess prevalence of obesity in adolescents of selected schools of Jalandhar, Punjab, to assess Obesity determinants in adolescents of selected schools of alandhar, Punjab, To find out the association between the findings of the study and the selected demographic variables, and In a view to prepare a pamphlet on prevention of obesity. Methodology A cross sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by purposive random sampling method. Children with physical limitations, mental disability or children undergoing any form of clinical therapy were not included in this study. Anthropometric assessment was done and data were analyzed models using SPSS P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of adolescents. Among 47 participants the prevalence of obesity was 4.2 and 17.02 were overweight, 60 were under weight and 19 were healthy. Based on the sex 7.40 males were having prevalence of obesity , 22.22 males and 11.11 females were having over weight.. The demographic variables revealed that, 57 of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26 were of 14 yrs age group and the lowest 17 of them were 13 yrs old. Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesity reveal that, there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P value at 0.001 level which shows highly significant. There is a highly significant association between level of obesity with selected demographic variables in areas like obesity, mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P 0.001, P 0.05 levels. Prof. M. Chinna Devi ""A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents in Schools of Jalandhar, Punjab"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23825.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23825/a-pilot-study-on-prevalence-of-obesity-and-its-determinants-among-adolescents-in-schools-of-jalandhar-punjab/prof-m-chinna-devi
Peer-Reviewed Highlights From Obesity Among Children and.docx
Peer-Reviewed
Highlights From
Obesity Among Children and
Adolescents in America
Written by Phil Vinall
According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), overweight
or obese preschoolers are five times as likely to become overweight or obese adults as their
normal weight peers [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013].
Additionally, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, asthma, and mental health problems are linked
to obesity in older children and adolescents.
Although small decreases in the prevalence of obesity were observed among low-income
preschool children in certain parts of the United States and its territories between 2008 and 2011,
the rate of obesity remains high with ~1 of 8 children aged 2 to 5 years having an age- and sex-
specific body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile, according to the 2000 CDC growth charts (Figure
1) [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013]. The study included
data for ~11.6 million low-income children aged 2 to 4 years who were participants in federally
funded child health and nutrition programs.
Figure 1. Changes in Obesity Prevalence: 2008 to 2011
DC=Washington, DC; PR=Puerto Rico; V I=Virgin Islands.
Source: Morbidit y and Mortalit y Week ly Report 2013.
Using a subset of the CDC data, Pan and colleagues [Pediatrics 2013] reported an overall
incidence of childhood obesity of 11.0% but with several important differences among population
subgroups. Obesity was more common among boys versus girls and among children aged 0 to 11
months in 2008 versus older children. The risk of obesity was 35% higher among Hispanics and 49%
Figure 1. Changes in Obesity Prevalence: 2008 to 2011
Increase
No change
Decrease
Not included
DC
PR
VI
S E L E C T E D U P D A T E S O N O B E S I T Y
21Official Peer-Reviewed Highlights From the American Society for Nutrition 2013
ASN2013.indd 21 10/20/2014 3:00:55 PM
higher among American Indians/Alaska Natives compared
with non-Hispanic whites, but among non-Hispanic
African Americans, it was 8% lower. Of the children who
were obese at baseline, 36.5% remained obese at follow-
up while 63.5% were nonobese. Obesity remission was
proportionally significantly lower among Hispanics and
American Indians/Alaska Natives compared with other
racial/ethnic groups.
American society is characterized by environments that
promote poor eating habits and physical inactivity. William
H. Dietz, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, discussed intervention
strategies to address some of these issues.
Beyond the effects of poverty, pregnancy and postnatal
influences have an important influence on childhood
obesity. These include maternal weight prior to pregnancy
and the amount of weight gained during pregnancy,
breastfeeding duration, the child’s overall feeding
experience and sleep patterns, as well as media exposure to
f.
Similar to Young Adult Weight Gain and the Role of Higher Education 10.28.09 (20)
Trends in Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Extreme HighObes.docx
Trends in Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Extreme HighObes.docx
Dual burden of underweight and overweight among women in bangladesh patterns...
Dual burden of underweight and overweight among women in bangladesh patterns...
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic.docx
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic.docx
Disparities in Overweight and ObesityAmong US College Studen.docx
Disparities in Overweight and ObesityAmong US College Studen.docx
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docx
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docx
Reducing Childhood Obesity through US Federal Policy
Reducing Childhood Obesity through US Federal Policy
E D I T O R I A LInvited Commentary Childhood and Adolesc.docx
E D I T O R I A LInvited Commentary Childhood and Adolesc.docx
An Analysis of the Socioeconomic Factors that Contribute to Childhood Obesity...
An Analysis of the Socioeconomic Factors that Contribute to Childhood Obesity...
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...
Peer-Reviewed Highlights From Obesity Among Children and.docx
Peer-Reviewed Highlights From Obesity Among Children and.docx
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