The document summarizes a study that analyzes the effects of the 2010 Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate on young adults' health insurance coverage and labor market behavior using data from the 2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. The study finds that the policy led to a 3.3 percentage point reduction in uninsurance among young adults ages 19-25, a 6.2 percentage point increase in dependent coverage through a parent's employer-sponsored insurance, and evidence of increased labor market flexibility for young adults.
Long-erm Care and Health Care Insurance in OECD and Other CountriesΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
This report carries out a stocktaking of what systems have in OECD and non-OECD countries for longterm care and health care, as well as the types of insurance products that are made available in these countries. It is part of a broader project that examines the complementarity of the social security network with the private insurance market, which examines how insurance could support the public sector longterm care and health care systems, as well as considering the financing of long-term care and health care.
Understanding the vocabulary of health insurance helps in selecting and using coverage effectively. eHealthInsurance commissioned a national study to determine public awareness of select health insurance terminology and the specifics of health insurance coverage. Americans admit to a health insurance vocabulary deficit.
Only a fourth (23%) feel they are very sure of what the terminology used in their health insurance policy actually means.
A third are somewhat sure of what the terminology actually means (32%).
One-fourth are not very sure (13%) or have no idea (10%) what the terminology used in their health insurance policy means.
One-fifth report they don’t have health insurance (21%).
The public demonstrates its lack of familiarity with health insurance terminology by not knowing what some of the key abbreviations stand for.
Only one-third of Americans (36%) can volunteer that HMO stands for health maintenance organization.
Only one-fifth (20%) recall that PPO stands for Preferred Provider Organization.
Only one out of nine (11%) recalls that HSA stands for Health Savings Account.
When asked how sure they were with some of the specifics of their health insurance policy, most people said they were very sure of the amount of their co-payment (61%), but half or fewer were very sure they knew the amounts of other basic elements of their coverage:
Half said they were very sure of what they paid for their health insurance premiums (50%).
45% were very sure of their annual deductible.
41% were very sure of the level of their plan’s co-insurance.
35% were very sure of their maximum annual out-of-pocket costs.
For each of these items, one-fifth indicated that the questions were not relevant since they did not have health insurance (21%).
Child-related transfers: is there a room for welfare improvement?GRAPE
How does income risk affect the optimal size of the child-related transfer system? I answer this question in an overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility and PAYG social security. I show that the optimal size of the child-related transfer is increasing in income risk.
First, in the stylized model, I provide the intuition behind this result. Second, I quantify the size of welfare gains due to child-related transfer reform in a full-fledged model calibrated to the US economy.
Expansion of child-related transfer yields to welfare gain even with constant income dispersion. In a scenario with higher income dispersion, welfare gains increase from 1.08% to 1.2% of lifetime consumption.
Third, I show that in a scenario with high-income dispersion, even higher welfare gains may be obtained if the child-related transfer system has a more redistributive nature.
How's Life? 2020: Measuring Well-being charts whether life is getting better for people in 37 OECD countries and 4 partner countries. This fifth edition presents the latest evidence from an updated set of over 80 indicators, covering current well-being outcomes, inequalities, and resources for future well-being. Since 2010, people’s well-being has improved in many respects, but progress has been slow or deteriorated in others, including how people connect with each other and their government.
Long-erm Care and Health Care Insurance in OECD and Other CountriesΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
This report carries out a stocktaking of what systems have in OECD and non-OECD countries for longterm care and health care, as well as the types of insurance products that are made available in these countries. It is part of a broader project that examines the complementarity of the social security network with the private insurance market, which examines how insurance could support the public sector longterm care and health care systems, as well as considering the financing of long-term care and health care.
Understanding the vocabulary of health insurance helps in selecting and using coverage effectively. eHealthInsurance commissioned a national study to determine public awareness of select health insurance terminology and the specifics of health insurance coverage. Americans admit to a health insurance vocabulary deficit.
Only a fourth (23%) feel they are very sure of what the terminology used in their health insurance policy actually means.
A third are somewhat sure of what the terminology actually means (32%).
One-fourth are not very sure (13%) or have no idea (10%) what the terminology used in their health insurance policy means.
One-fifth report they don’t have health insurance (21%).
The public demonstrates its lack of familiarity with health insurance terminology by not knowing what some of the key abbreviations stand for.
Only one-third of Americans (36%) can volunteer that HMO stands for health maintenance organization.
Only one-fifth (20%) recall that PPO stands for Preferred Provider Organization.
Only one out of nine (11%) recalls that HSA stands for Health Savings Account.
When asked how sure they were with some of the specifics of their health insurance policy, most people said they were very sure of the amount of their co-payment (61%), but half or fewer were very sure they knew the amounts of other basic elements of their coverage:
Half said they were very sure of what they paid for their health insurance premiums (50%).
45% were very sure of their annual deductible.
41% were very sure of the level of their plan’s co-insurance.
35% were very sure of their maximum annual out-of-pocket costs.
For each of these items, one-fifth indicated that the questions were not relevant since they did not have health insurance (21%).
Child-related transfers: is there a room for welfare improvement?GRAPE
How does income risk affect the optimal size of the child-related transfer system? I answer this question in an overlapping generations model with endogenous fertility and PAYG social security. I show that the optimal size of the child-related transfer is increasing in income risk.
First, in the stylized model, I provide the intuition behind this result. Second, I quantify the size of welfare gains due to child-related transfer reform in a full-fledged model calibrated to the US economy.
Expansion of child-related transfer yields to welfare gain even with constant income dispersion. In a scenario with higher income dispersion, welfare gains increase from 1.08% to 1.2% of lifetime consumption.
Third, I show that in a scenario with high-income dispersion, even higher welfare gains may be obtained if the child-related transfer system has a more redistributive nature.
How's Life? 2020: Measuring Well-being charts whether life is getting better for people in 37 OECD countries and 4 partner countries. This fifth edition presents the latest evidence from an updated set of over 80 indicators, covering current well-being outcomes, inequalities, and resources for future well-being. Since 2010, people’s well-being has improved in many respects, but progress has been slow or deteriorated in others, including how people connect with each other and their government.
The Economic Impact of the Arizona Biosciences SectorFlinnFoundation
A new Battelle analysis of Arizona’s emerging bioscience sector, commissioned by the Flinn Foundation, reveals that it has a multibillion-dollar annual economic impact and generates hundreds of millions of dollars in yearly state and local taxes.
A new study by eHealthInsurance finds that today’s college students, though holding health plans in high regard, aren’t up to speed on all the facts involved. And though they’d hope for a job to provide them with healthcare benefits, they’re more than willing to invest in their own plan. Overall, optimism persists for this group that many call the “young invincibles” – they’re hopeful about all that the real world has to offer, and willing to make smart sacrifices in order to protect their health.
Is the retirement age increase in Poland still necessary given the 1999 reform of the pension system? EmerytGRAPE analysis with the use of OLG model answers this question.
This presentation provides information about how CBO estimates the effects of employer matching and default deferral rates on federal employees’ contribution rates to the Thrift Savings Plan and on employers’ costs.
Joining Forces: Interagency Collaboration and "Smart Power"Booz Allen Hamilton
Has U.S. defense, diplomacy and development adopted a “smart power” approach? In this follow-up to a 2010 report, the Government Business Council (GBC) evaluates progress towards increased interagency collaboration and how budget pressures may change foreign policy. Moderator is GBC's Associate Director of Research Erin Dian Dumbacher and Speakers include Booz Allen senior associate's Cheryl Steele and Jonathan Allen. Download the full report here: http://www.govexec.com/gbc/report/smart_power_2011/
Learn more about Smart Power: http://www.boozallen.com/smartpower
The purpose of this paper is to trigger discussions around child poverty. It aims at fostering dialogue on possible policy actions that could be undertaken in order to provide further improved social protection for
children and their families.
Karina Doorley, axation, labour force participation and gender equality in Ir...NUI Galway
Dr Karina Doorley, ESRI, Taxation, labour force participation and gender equality in Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
The Economic Impact of the Arizona Biosciences SectorFlinnFoundation
A new Battelle analysis of Arizona’s emerging bioscience sector, commissioned by the Flinn Foundation, reveals that it has a multibillion-dollar annual economic impact and generates hundreds of millions of dollars in yearly state and local taxes.
A new study by eHealthInsurance finds that today’s college students, though holding health plans in high regard, aren’t up to speed on all the facts involved. And though they’d hope for a job to provide them with healthcare benefits, they’re more than willing to invest in their own plan. Overall, optimism persists for this group that many call the “young invincibles” – they’re hopeful about all that the real world has to offer, and willing to make smart sacrifices in order to protect their health.
Is the retirement age increase in Poland still necessary given the 1999 reform of the pension system? EmerytGRAPE analysis with the use of OLG model answers this question.
This presentation provides information about how CBO estimates the effects of employer matching and default deferral rates on federal employees’ contribution rates to the Thrift Savings Plan and on employers’ costs.
Joining Forces: Interagency Collaboration and "Smart Power"Booz Allen Hamilton
Has U.S. defense, diplomacy and development adopted a “smart power” approach? In this follow-up to a 2010 report, the Government Business Council (GBC) evaluates progress towards increased interagency collaboration and how budget pressures may change foreign policy. Moderator is GBC's Associate Director of Research Erin Dian Dumbacher and Speakers include Booz Allen senior associate's Cheryl Steele and Jonathan Allen. Download the full report here: http://www.govexec.com/gbc/report/smart_power_2011/
Learn more about Smart Power: http://www.boozallen.com/smartpower
The purpose of this paper is to trigger discussions around child poverty. It aims at fostering dialogue on possible policy actions that could be undertaken in order to provide further improved social protection for
children and their families.
Karina Doorley, axation, labour force participation and gender equality in Ir...NUI Galway
Dr Karina Doorley, ESRI, Taxation, labour force participation and gender equality in Ireland presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
We examine the effect of the replacement rate of a social insurance system on sickness absence by exploiting a regression kink design. The elasticity of absence with respect to the benefit level, in addition to risk preferences, is a critical parameter in defining the optimal sickness insurance scheme. Using a large administrative dataset, we find a robust behavioral response. The statistically significant point estimate of the elasticity of the duration of sickness absence with respect to the replacement rate in a social insurance system is on the order of 1. Given our estimate, we characterize the optimal benefit level.
Chapter Five Older People and Long-Term Care Issues of Access.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter Five
Older People and Long-Term Care: Issues of Access
1
2
Why the new interest in long-term care?
The Baby Boomers are adding to the growth in the population over 65.
There is increasing fear of dependency on long-term care.
Adult children of the elderly having to find care for their parents.
Healthcare reform promises great changes that are not well understood.
3
3
The Growing Population Needing Care
The need for ADL and IADL assistance continues to grow.
Table 8-1 presents the broad range of services needed by the disabled.
Most of the population needing long-term care do not live in nursing homes.
Many factors contribute to the inability to predict the exact number needing services in the future.
4
4
The Growing Population Needing Care
Future populations may be better educated which is associated with lower levels of disability.
Ethnic composition suggests a greater need for care and government support.
Boomers will bring greater numbers of people needing services.
The number of those over 75 will greatly increase.
5
5
The Growing Population Needing Care
Disability rates will increase among those who are not in nursing homes.
The most common disability is physical.
In addition, the nursing home population is expected to have profound increases until it triples by 2030.
The number of younger persons with disability has also increased.
6
6
Issues of Access
The current system is far from ideal.
There is not an adequate supply particularly for the poor.
The system itself continues to be so fragmented that many are not aware of what is offered.
Financing is an underlying problem.
7
7
The Costs of Care
Expenses for this care are sizable and will increase in the future.
Private insurance only pays for a small percentage of the care.
Medicaid pays for over 85% of nursing home care.
8
8
The Costs of Care
Annual costs of nursing home care can average $58,000 per year and may exceed $100,000. For many, the costs of this care is just not affordable.
With the addition of the Baby Boomers, costs will most certainly increase in the future.
The effects of reform are not currently known.
9
9
The Care-giving Role of Families
About 74% of dependent community-based elders receive care from family members.
The majority of caregivers are women.
The number and willingness of family caregivers may decline as the Boomers become in need for assistance.
10
10
The Role of Private Insurance
Private insurance for long-term care is a relatively new product.
Improvements in coverage are being made, but only an estimated 20% of the population will use it.
CCRCs and LCAHs hold promise for the future.
11
11
The Role of Medicaid
Medicaid is changing under PPACA to include more eligible adults who will receive benchmark coverage.
Medicaid is used for those elders who meet certain criteria.
Medicaid does not pay for the full range of services including home-based care.
Some states are using a waiver to offe ...
Chapter Five Older People and Long-Term Care Issues of Access.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter Five
Older People and Long-Term Care: Issues of Access
1
2
Why the new interest in long-term care?
The Baby Boomers are adding to the growth in the population over 65.
There is increasing fear of dependency on long-term care.
Adult children of the elderly having to find care for their parents.
Healthcare reform promises great changes that are not well understood.
3
3
The Growing Population Needing Care
The need for ADL and IADL assistance continues to grow.
Table 8-1 presents the broad range of services needed by the disabled.
Most of the population needing long-term care do not live in nursing homes.
Many factors contribute to the inability to predict the exact number needing services in the future.
4
4
The Growing Population Needing Care
Future populations may be better educated which is associated with lower levels of disability.
Ethnic composition suggests a greater need for care and government support.
Boomers will bring greater numbers of people needing services.
The number of those over 75 will greatly increase.
5
5
The Growing Population Needing Care
Disability rates will increase among those who are not in nursing homes.
The most common disability is physical.
In addition, the nursing home population is expected to have profound increases until it triples by 2030.
The number of younger persons with disability has also increased.
6
6
Issues of Access
The current system is far from ideal.
There is not an adequate supply particularly for the poor.
The system itself continues to be so fragmented that many are not aware of what is offered.
Financing is an underlying problem.
7
7
The Costs of Care
Expenses for this care are sizable and will increase in the future.
Private insurance only pays for a small percentage of the care.
Medicaid pays for over 85% of nursing home care.
8
8
The Costs of Care
Annual costs of nursing home care can average $58,000 per year and may exceed $100,000. For many, the costs of this care is just not affordable.
With the addition of the Baby Boomers, costs will most certainly increase in the future.
The effects of reform are not currently known.
9
9
The Care-giving Role of Families
About 74% of dependent community-based elders receive care from family members.
The majority of caregivers are women.
The number and willingness of family caregivers may decline as the Boomers become in need for assistance.
10
10
The Role of Private Insurance
Private insurance for long-term care is a relatively new product.
Improvements in coverage are being made, but only an estimated 20% of the population will use it.
CCRCs and LCAHs hold promise for the future.
11
11
The Role of Medicaid
Medicaid is changing under PPACA to include more eligible adults who will receive benchmark coverage.
Medicaid is used for those elders who meet certain criteria.
Medicaid does not pay for the full range of services including home-based care.
Some states are using a waiver to offe.
1. Country is Egypt2. Review the grading rubric carefully prior TatianaMajor22
1. Country is Egypt
2. Review the grading rubric carefully prior to beginning to work, and frequently throughout the process.
3. Professional grammar, mechanics, and APA format and style are expected. Maintain a professional and academic tone.
4. Create a proposal for an evidence-based practice project that fully conforms to APA guidelines and uses the following level one headings (in the order provided and without the page numbers or clarifying information below). Additional headings are not permissible. A title page is required. The provided page limits must be adhered to. The total paper will be 8 pages not counting the title page or references. Identify an interprofessional healthcare disparity related to that country and develop an EBP project proposal to improve that disparity in the identified country. Do not create a research project--use appropriate EBP terminology.
5. Per APA guidelines, repeat the title of the paper on the first line of the first page of the body of the paper, followed by the introduction. (1/2 page)
6. Overview of Country (1/2-1 page). This sections provides an overview of/introduction to the country
7. Description of Healthcare System (1/2-1 page). This section provides a detailed description of the type of healthcare system, it's strengths and weaknesses, and pertinent additional information.
8. Identification of Healthcare Disparity (interprofessional) (1/2-1 page). This section identifies a healthcare disparity faced by this country. The disparity must be amenable to improvement through an evidence-based practice (EBP) project.
9. PICOT Question (1/2 page). This section states the PICOT question that will guide the evidence review for your EBP project. The PICOT must be in full PICOT format (the P before the I before the C, etc). State the PICOT in a single sentence and then provide operational definitions for each of the PICOT elements. Ensure the writing conforms to APA guidelines and flows well.
10. Evidence-Review (1-2 pages of at least 5 research studies). Provide a synthesis of the evidence review. This is not a study by study summary, but instead an integrative synthesis of the findings that seeks to answer the PICOT question. Provide the answer to the PICOT question in the final paragraph of this section.
11. Interprofessional Approach to Improve the Healthcare Disparity (1-2 pages). How will this EBP project focus on an interprofessional approach to improve the healthcare disparity to be improved? Be specific? Include at least three different healthcare disciplines that will be involved and state how the healthcare disparity benefits from each disciplines expertise.
12. Stakeholders & Overcoming Barriers (1 page). Who are the major stakeholders in this EBP project? How will their support be gained? What barriers must be overcome to make the project a reality?
13. Funding and Sustainability (1/2 page). What are the costs associated with this EBP project and how will funding be gained? How will ...
The preliminary plan_of_long-term_care_insurancenobisyu
According to our estimation, the number of disability and dementia was about 396,937 in 2008 in Taiwan. As the population aging, the disability population will increase. It is estimated to reach 811,971 in 2028.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) had estimated the financial burden of medical and long-term care of member states in 2006. It found that the average ratio of health and long-term care expenditure to GDP will be from 6.7% in 2005 to 12.8% in 2050 in demographic ageing situation.
1Mandated Reporting of Child AbuseStudent’s NameAnastaciaShadelb
1
Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Instructor’s Name
Due Date
Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse
Mandated reporting of child abuse is meant to shield children from the problem. Mandated reporting laws cross disciplines (counseling, psychology, medicine, nursing, education, etc.). Some professionals have criticized these laws on the basis of interfering with their professional relationship with children. Additionally, there are several legal and ethical dilemmas associated with mandated reporting laws, further complicating the professionals’ practice.
Mandated reporting laws are very necessary requirements for a system to protect children. The efforts to find better ways to protect children against maltreatment and neglect by the adults on whom they are dependent began actively during the 1950s. Research by radiologists and pediatricians during the 1950s produced evidence of extensive physical child abuse and killing cases by their caretakers (Duncan, 1994). Kempe et al (1962) , in “Battered-Child Syndrome”, a historic and landmark study, produced valuable empirical evidence on the severity of physical child abuse occurrences by child’s caretakers. The findings in Kempe et al (1962) raised public concerns with the burgeoning child abuse and neglect cases, leading to the quick development and enactment of mandatory reporting of child maltreatment laws in every state in the US (Duncan, 1994).
Specifically, the CAPTA (Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act) directs each State to develop and enact procedures or provisions for mandating specific [group of] individuals to report either suspected or known child abuse and neglect cases. Thus, all USA States, and the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have statutory provisions mandating child abuse reporting by certain professional and other persons to the authorities, with the laws also addressing institutional responsibility in making reports, reporter’s identity’s confidentiality, and report-making standards (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2019). The mandated child abuse reporting laws have had a positive impact in the fight against child maltreatment, especially by increasing the number of cases being reported to the authorities for further remedial actions. For instance, thanks to the mandated child abuse reporting law’s enactment in every State, the number of reports experienced a meteoric rise nationally from 10,000 in 1962 to almost over 3 million in 1992. One effect of this positive development is that it has led to the child welfare agencies’ unanticipated transformation into protective services agencies for children. Furthermore, nationwide data also suggests and attributes substantial reduction in child abuse-related fatalities to increased reporting (Duncan, 1994).
However, the mandated child abuse reporting laws have al ...
Similar to LDI Research Seminar 9_7_12 Effects of Federal Policy to Insure Young Adults: Evidence from the 2010 ACA's Dependent Coverage Mandate (20)
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
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what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
LDI Research Seminar 9_7_12 Effects of Federal Policy to Insure Young Adults: Evidence from the 2010 ACA's Dependent Coverage Mandate
1. Effects of Federal Policy to Insure Young Adults:
Evidence from the 2010 ACA’s Dependent
Coverage Mandate
Yaa Akosa Antwi
IUPUI Department of Economics
Asako Moriya
IU School of Public and Environmental Affairs(SPEA)
Kosali Simon
IU School of Public and Environmental Affairs(SPEA)
NBER
September 7, 2012
1/41
3. There is something different about young
There is something different about young adults..
adults..
US Facebook Users, by Age, 2010
55‐65 7%
Age in Years
45‐54 13%
35‐44 18%
26‐34 23%
18‐25 29%
13‐17 10%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Source: gold.insidenetwork.com/facebook
2
3/41
5. Reasons for Lack of Health Insurance
Aging out of parental or government policies (Anderson,
Dobkin and Gross, 2012)
Lack of human capital necessary for jobs that provide health
insurance(Levy, 2007)
Adverse selection (Monhiet et al 2011, Levine et. al 2011)
Actuarially unfair policies
5/41
6. Implications of High Uninsured Rate
Uninsured young adults are 3x more likely to delay or forgo
medical care (Nicolson et. al., 2009, Callahan and Cooper
2005)
Significantly less likely to have a usual source of care or fill
prescriptions (Nicolson et. al., 2009, Callahan and Cooper
2005)
2x more likely to have medical debt or trouble paying medical
bill (Nicholson et. al 2009)
More likely overuse expensive emergency room care (Anderson
et al 2012)
6/41
7. State Government Intervention
1995: Utah first state to extend dependent coverage
2003-2009, most states passed some measure
31 states had passed a law before the federal law
Several restrictions
1 Self insured are exempt
2 IRS rules not revised for tax deduction rules
3 May have allowed separate premiums
4 Age, student, marital status, residency restrictions
7/41
8. Effect of State Laws
Mixed evidence on the impact of state laws
1 Monheit et al (2011)
Small increases in dependent coverage
1.52 pp for all young adults
3.84 pp for those ages 1925 residing with parents
Increases were largely offset by declines in own name ESI
No significant impact on young adult uninsured rates
2 Levine et. al (2011)
3 pp reduction in rates of uninsurance among those eligible.
This translates to an 11% reduction of uninsurance among
targeted young adults.
8/41
9. Federal Expansion
ACA enacted March 2010; dependent coverage provision
effective first renewal date after September 23rd 2010
Requires insurers to offer coverage to older dependent children
on same terms as for younger dependent children
Many insurers acted sooner than required date
Generally positively received provision in ACA
Closely watched as politically meaningful provision
Applies to critical voting population
Other major insurance provisions of ACA, 2014
9/41
10. Early Evidence of ACA Dependent
Coverage
Sommers and Kronick(2011)
Use CPS data from 2005-2010
Compare 19-25 year-olds with 26-34 year-olds
Control for age-group and survey year
Find 2.9 ppt increase in insurance coverage
4.3 ppt increase in dependent coverage through parents
2.5 ppt drop in own policy
No change in public insurance
Cantor et. al (2012)
Use CPS data from 2004 to 2010
DD methodology with detailed controls for confounding factor
3.5 ppt drop in uninsurance (10% drop)
716,000 young adults gained insurance
NHIS estimates
Compare health insurance trends for 19-25 and 26-35 year olds
Estimates from September 2010 to June 2011
Insurance coverage increased from 64% to 73% (2.1 million )
10/41
11. Research Question and Contributions
Evaluate the effect of the federal expansion on
1 Take-up and substitution of coverage (private to private or
public to private)
Use longitudinal data (SIPP)
Contains point-in-time questions about insurance rather than
one year reference as in CPS
Allows evaluation of enactment and implementation effects
2 Labor Market Behavior
First paper to evaluate this
11/41
12. Mechanisms
Federal law will have anticipatory impact
The effects will be concentrated among families with lower
marginal cost of adding dependents
Demand will be greatest among those in worse health
Parents may add health insurance– unlikely.
Parents may switch from single to family coverage– likely to
add dependents when already covering dependents
Effects should be smaller among full time students because
many already eligible
We expect to see different effects in states with and without
prior laws expanding coverage to young adults.
12/41
13. Preview of Results
1 Decreased uninsurance among young adults (9.3 % ; 3.3 ppt)
2 Increased dependent ESI coverage (26.6% ; 6.2 ppt)
3 Substitution away from existing sources
4 Take-up concentrated in families with low marginal cost of
additional dependents
5 Smaller effect for students compared to non-students
6 Similar effect for states with and without prior laws
7 Evidence of labor market flexibility for young adults (reduced
job-lock)
13/41
14. Data
We use the 2008 panel of the SIPP which started in
September 2008
About 50,000 households interviewed every 4 months
Contains detailed demographic information on health
insurance and labor market
Current information is from August 2008- November 2011
Base sample composed of 16-29 year olds (minus 26 year olds)
14/41
15. Variables of Interest
1 Insurance Coverage
Any source of insurance
As a dependent on parent’s ESI policy
Non-group insurance in own name
Own ESI
Public insurance
2 Labor Market
Employed
Employed full time
Number and Log hours
Probability of having hours that vary
15/41
16. Identification
Difference-in-difference (DID) methodology
“Treatment” group –Young adults aged 19-25
“Control” group –Those aged 15-18 and 27-29
Identifying assumption is that (conditional on observable
characteristics) the trend between treatment and control
variables would have been constant over time
16/41
17. Percentage of Young Adults with Any
Insurance by Treatment and Control
Groups
17/41
18. Trends Test- Data from August
2008-February 2010
Any Dependent
source coverage
Interaction of Time Trend and 0.001 0.001
a Dummy Variable for Treatment Group (0.001) (0.001)
18/41
19. Econometric Specification
Yigst = α + γ1 Treatg + γ2 Enactt + γ3 Implementt
+γ4 (Treatg × Enactt ) + γ5 (Treatg × Implementt )
+ Xigst β + τt + ξs + igst
i = individual
g =age range
s = state
t =time
19/41
20. Summary Statistics
All Obs. Age 16-18 Age 19-25 Age 27-29
Health Insurance Status
Any Source 0.727 0.870 0.678 0.693
Dependent Coverage 0.267 0.523 0.264 0.019
Own ESI 0.198 0.024 0.189 0.393
Own Coverage(NG) 0.028 0.256 0.127 0.129
Public 0.158 0.256 0.127 0.129
Employment Status
Employed 0.569 0.253 0.628 0.754
Unemployed 0.080 0.063 0.089 0.076
Demograhics
Age 22.22 17.02 21.96 28.01
White 0.602 0.575 0.613 0.604
Black 0.136 0.146 0.135 0.127
Hispanic 0.190 0.200 0.183 0.195
Married 0.180 0.013 0.140 0.435
Education
Student 0.419 0.885 0.361 0.084
Less than HS 0.257 0.770 0.098 0.103
HS 0.172 0.178 0.325 0.245
Some College 0.333 0.051 0.452 0.347
College 0.113 0 0.113 0.223
20/41
22. Effect of ACA Dependent Coverage
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment -0.002 0.024*** 0.002 -0.017*** -0.011*
Effect (0.006) (0.006) (0.003) (0.005) (0.005)
Implementation 0.032*** 0.070*** -0.008*** -0.031*** -0.002
Effect (0.007) (0.007) (0.002) (0.006) (0.006)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.665 0.234 0.035 0.204 0.123
Control Before 0.781 0.280 0.023 0.208 0.0182
Note: Enactment phase: Mar-Sep, 2010; Implementation phase: Oct 2010-Nov 2011.
22/41
23. Overview and Implications of Results
Evidence of anticipatory response to the enactment of the law
About 9.5% drop in rate of uninsurance among young adults
With base of 29.5 million young adults, roughly 938,000
gained insurance
Represents about a 51% take-up
If all gains in dependent coverage reduced uninsurance then
2.1 million would have gained insurance
About 236,000 switching from non-group insurance
About 920,000 drop own ESI
23/41
24. Effect of Mandate using Sample with
“Excellent” Health
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment -0.002 0.029*** 0.006 -0.028*** -0.011
Effect (0.011) (0.008) (0.006) (0.009) (0.010)
Implementation 0.027*** 0.078*** -0.010* -0.046*** -0.005
Effect (0.010) (0.009) (0.005) (0.008) (0.008)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.742 0.313 0.044 0.215 0.088
Control Before 0.847 0.386 0.023 0.0190 0.146
24/41
25. Effect of Mandate using Sample without
“Excellent” Health
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment -0.004 0.019** -0.002 -0.009 -0.011
Effect (0.009) (0.010) (0.004) (0.008) (0.009)
Implementation 0.035*** 0.067*** -0.006 -0.024** 0.001
Effect (0.013) (0.010) (0.004) (0.010) (0.009)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.633 0.199 0.030 0.198 0.142
Control Before 0.749 0.216 0.023 0.223 0.206
25/41
26. Effect of Mandate using Sample with
Parental Information
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment 0.039*** 0.014 0.005 -0.012 0.032*
Effect (0.014) (0.009) (0.007) (0.011) (0.018)
Implementation 0.067*** 0.096*** -0.013* -0.024 0.013
Effect (0.024) (0.010) (0.007) (0.015) (0.022)
Dep Var. Means
With Parental ESI
Treament Before 0.435 0 0.031 0.104 0.215
Control Before 0.658 0 0.017 0.064 0.479
Without Parental ESI
Treament Before 0.793 0.525 0.032 0.154 0.054
Control Before 0.912 0.715 0.015 0.075 0.081
26/41
27. States With Dependent Coverage Laws
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment -0.003 0.023*** 0.005 -0.021*** -0.013*
Effect (0.007) (0.007) (0.004) (0.007) (0.007)
Implementation 0.029** 0.069*** -0.006** -0.031*** -0.007
Effect (0.011) (0.009) (0.003) (0.007) (0.007)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.684 0.250 0.032 0.211 0.120
Control Before 0.790 0.291 0.023 0.215 0.169
27/41
28. States without Dependent Coverage Laws
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment -0.003 0.028*** 0.002 -0.011 -0.014**
Effect (0.011) (0.009) (0.006) (0.007) (0.007)
Implementation 0.034*** 0.074*** -0.009** -0.032*** 0.002
Effect (0.008) (0.010) (0.004) (0.010) (0.011)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.633 0.207 0.040 0.193 0.128
Control Before 0.766 0.262 0.023 0.195 0.204
28/41
29. Three implementation Periods
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Mar-Sept 2010 -0.002 0.024*** 0.002 -0.017*** -0.010*
(0.007) (0.005) (0.003) (0.005) (0.005)
Oct 2010-Feb 2011 0.025** 0.049*** -0.004 -0.022*** 0.001
(0.010) (0.007) (0.003) (0.007) (0.007)
Mar-Sept 2011 0.032*** 0.072*** -0.009*** -0.028*** -0.009
(0.009) (0.008) (0.003) (0.007) (0.006)
Oct-Nov 2011 0.026** 0.102*** -0.011** -0.057*** -0.008
(0.011) (0.014) (0.005) (0.013) (0.013)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.665 0.234 0.035 0.204 0.123
Control Before 0.781 0.280 0.023 0.208 0.0182
29/41
30. Marginal Cost Analysis: Family vs.
Non-family Coverage
Descriptive Results
% of young adults with
dependent coverage through N
parents after the mandate
Family coverage 29.1 % 1,144
Non-family coverage 20.9 % 2,550
Regression Results
Dependent
coverage
Indicator for parents having 0.096***
family coverage before ACA (0.025)
30/41
31. Interaction of Young Adult Mandate with
other features of ACAdefinition of
“affordability” will matter
Next slide is from:
Burkhauser, Lyons and Simon, 2011 Meaning and Measurement of
Affordable in the Affordable Care Act , NBER WP No. 17279.
31/41
33. The Effect of the ACA Dependent
Provision on Parent’s Own ESI Coverage
Parent has ESI
Enactment Effect 0.012
(Mar-Sep, 2010) (0.008)
Implementation Effect 0.007
(Oct, 2010-) (0.008)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.689
Control Before 0.666
33/41
34. Effect of Mandate on Labor Market
Outcomes
Employed Full time # of hours Log hours Hours vary
Enactment -0.002 -0.017*** -0.800*** -0.027 0.014***
Effect (0.006) (0.006) (0.209) (0.021) (0.005)
Implementation -0.006 -0.016** -0.861*** -0.048** 0.012**
Effect (0.006) (0.006) (0.319) (0.021) (0.006)
Dep Var. Means
Treament Before 0.651 0.462 23.3 2.27 0.099
Control Before 0.524 0.353 17.8 1.73 0.080
Treatment After 0.602 0.423 20.4 2.04 0.099
Control After 0.481 0.335 16.0 1.56 0.066
34/41
35. Overview of Mandate on Labor Market
1 No evidence of an impact on labor force participation
2 Young adults are less likely to have full time job
3 Evidence that mandate reduced the number of hours young
adults work
4 Overall evidence of labor market flexibility (reduced job lock)
35/41
36. Robustness of Results
1 Using only young or older control group
2 Using sample without Massachusetts
3 Clustering at an aggregate level as in Cameron et.al 2008
4 Logistic regression
5 Using one post dummy
36/41
37. DD Results using Aggregated Quarterly
Data & Wild Cluster Bootstrap-t Method
Any Dependent Own Coverage Own ESI Public
Source Coverage Nongroup
Enactment Effect 0.007 0.039** 0.001 -0.019** -0.014
p-value 0.118 0.040 0.432 0.022 0.126
Implementation Effect 0.037*** 0.092*** -0.009** -0.036*** -0.007
p-value 0.001 0.001 0.017 0.003 0.243
37/41
38. Limitations
Early evidence–one year after implementation
Long run effect might be different
ACA 2014 could change the take-up
Among young adults who have parental ESI, 16% have income
under 133% FPL, and 37% have income 133-400% of FPL.
38/41
39. Why Are Young Adults Not Signed Up for
Parental ESI?
Among those with parents with ESI, post August 2011
36% ESI in own name
14% public
8% individual market (own or dependent)
5% other private insurance
35% are uninsured
Comparing uninsured to those with parental ESI:
older by 0.8 years
more likely to be male
more likely to be African American or Hispanic
more likely to be unemployed
less likely to be students
less educated
more likely to report ”less than excellent health
report less household income
→ less likely to be insured in general, to have generous
parental ESI, to have close family ties?
39/41
40. Conclusion and Next Steps
Increase in coverage not as large because increase in
dependent coverage through parent offset by drop in own
sources of coverage
Efficiency implications
Who will pay?
Is this efficient?
Will this lead to further increases in premiums for family
coverage?
Future work should explore effect of expansion on
out-of-pocket medical expenses, and healthcare utilization,
and interaction with state laws.
Effects outside health economics: impact on transition to
adulthood, intergenerational relationships
40/41