Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications (JoMEA): is a print and e-journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Microprocessor Engineering & Applications. Focus and Scope Covers Microprocessor & Microcontroller System Microelectronic Devices and Circuits Digital Circuits and Digital Signal Processor Programmable Logic designing Graphics Processing Units Instruction Set Architecture SoC, SoPC, MPoC and NoC Designing ASIC, FPGA Leveraging Software Tools for Optimal Performance Optimizing Microarchitecture through Parallelism

1. Journal of
Microcontroller
Engineering & Applications
May–August 2016
ISSN 2455-197X (Online)
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Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X (online)
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8. It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3, Issue 3] of our Journal of
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9. 1. Selection of Cluster Head in Wireless Sensor Network towards Extending Network Life Time
A. Narmada, P. Sudhakara 1
2. Designing Intelligence Navigation System for Robots in Dynamic and Noisy Environment by Use of New
Communication Equipment
Mehdi Darbandi 11
3. Arduino Based Smart Security System Design for Surveillance
Vinay Kumar Reddy Kaitha, Bala Naga Vamsidhar Grandhi, Vinay Babu Kosaraju 20
4. Industrial Tank Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Controller using Microcontroller
Shahabaz Ahmad Khan, Ahmad Zakariya, Saima Beg, Md Belal Bin Heyat, Mohd Maroof Siddiqui 24
5. Research and Industrial Insight: Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
28
ContentsJournal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications

10. JoMEA (2016) 1-10 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Selection of Cluster Head in Wireless Sensor Network
towards Extending Network Life Time
A. Narmada1,
*, P. Sudhakara2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Vignan’s Institute of Management and Technology for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Abstract
Reduced energy consumption and extended lifetime are basic requirements of Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN) with distributed nature and dynamic topological changes. The motes are
arranged in clusters and only one mote is chosen as cluster head to synchronize and data
routing. The proposed work introduces an innovative approach of choosing cluster head in
artificially intelligent wireless sensor network. In the proposed work, the residual energy
consumption plays the major role in choosing the cluster head and the radial basis function
based network model is used. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated based
on several factors such as dead nodes, energy consumption, cluster head formation, number of
packets transferred to base station and cluster head. The performance of the proposed
algorithm is compared with existing protocols such as LEACH and LEACH-C.
Keywords: LEACH, LEACH-C, Artificial Neural Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks
INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor network is the interconnection
of sensor nodes or motes with limited
processing abilities. The motes are generally
battery operated in remote terrains of harsh
radio environments distributed over wide
geographical regions. The mobility of nodes
may be fixed or dynamic and are randomly
operated to monitor and communicate about
environmental parameters like temperature,
humidity, light, etc. where in these wireless
sensor networks are deployed. The WSN
architecture is interconnection of sensors,
internet and remote controller as shown in
Figure 1. Sensors, transceiver and processor
are main blocks of each sensor node.
Environmental parameters like temperature,
humidity, light, etc. are sensed by these
sensors. The sensed data is processed by the
processor with limited processing abilities and
is communicated to central controller with the
help of transceiver which is used to transmit
and receive [3–9].

11. JoMEA (2016) 11-19 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 11
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Designing Intelligence Navigation System for Robots in
Dynamic and Noisy Environment by Use of New
Communication Equipment
Mehdi Darbandi*
Department of Electrical Engineering, New York International University of Technology and
Management, New York, USA
Abstract
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is well known for its easy to use and
features possessed. Mostly it is used for security or authentication purpose as each RFID
contains a unique identification code. This unique identification feature is also can be used in
the different ways. The study of other RFID techniques will be helpful for better service and
security. The navigation system for robots using RFID is proposed in this paper. The
movements of the robots completely depend on the RFID tags which are to be scanned. In
addition to this another feature of changing the duties which are assigned to the particular
RFIDs identification is also added.
Keywords: Robotic system, Navigation, RF systems
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays there is lot of identification
techniques or technologies present such as i-
button which consists of 64-bit unique
identification number coded inside a
microchip and it is enclosed inside a stainless
steel can. It is very small and portable. This
durable and permanent container can be used
to carry up-to-date information with a person
or object anywhere they go. This device can be
virtually placed anywhere because it is rough
enough to withstand harsh environments.
The limitation of i-button is that it is not
wireless. Without physical connection, it does
not work at all. Biometric system – Biometric
is the analysis of people’s behavioral and
physical characteristics [1]. The technology is
mainly used for identifying and controlling
individuals under close observation. In this
there are various classes such as retina
identification, finger print, etc. can be used as
a unique identification. But these identification
systems have some limitations and that are
same as limitation of i-button.
It also requires physical connection. Biometric
system is also not a wireless system. So that’s
the reason we have taken RFID system [2].
RFID is of two types, i.e., Active RFID and
Passive RFID. Here we are using the passive
RFID tags, as we just require an identification
code. Apart from this RFID can be detected
from a distance of 5–10 cm from the receiver
module. That is the main advantage we are
going to use [3].
In this paper we are discussing about the RFID
based navigation system so let’s discuss about
the functionality of this system [4]. In this we
are mounting a RFID module under the robot’s
chassis which will read the RFID passive tags
from the floor wherever we are placing them,
but the only thing is that all the cards must be
in sink so as to detect and perform or follow
the navigation task as per the functionality
assigned to the cards, e.g., firstly place a
forward card just to give a start to robot so it
started moving forward, then put a right card
exactly in the path of the robot, so as soon as
the next card detected as it is assigned for right
movement, it first move 90° right and then
again start moving forward [5, 6]. Then put a
left, it will similarly do the functionality as
right, it’s just that it will move 900
to left then
move forward. And then it will follow the
instruction of moving forward, right left, till it
gets the stop card [7].

12. JoMEA (2016) 20-23 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Arduino Based Smart Security System Design
for Surveillance
Vinay Kumar Reddy Kaitha1,
*, Bala Naga Vamsidhar Grandhi2
, Vinay Babu Kosaraju3
1,3
Department of Science-Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas, USA
2
Department of Science-Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas, USA
Abstract
This paper presents an idea for a smarter security system that is a way better than the
conventional systems that involve a lot of human labor. The design considerations and
working environment of our prototype are discussed here briefly. This prototype can be
extended to many domains ranging from household security to the defense security systems.
For designing this security system, we have proposed an architecture using ATmega328 –
Arduino Uno board and servo motors. By using this prototype in the real time effectively
combining with the human intelligence higher level of security can be achieved.
Keywords: Smart surveillance systems, image processing, Arduino uno
INTRODUCTION
The 21st century has witnessed numerous
unbelievable and unremarkable changes that
were once just considered to be miracles. With
the advanced research and, technology we
have given life to our ideas and thoughts
which are now are simplifying our human
lives. We are now living in a digital world,
where the interaction between the computing
devices and humans has become a need and
necessity to lead an easy life. The technology
has touched our human lives with its wonders;
a common in a remote place can have access
to any information going around the world.
Everything in our present lives now is replaced
by a digital system, whether it may be
cooking, banking, entertainment or any other
field. The scope of a machine is very much
greater than a human being they can work in
an environment where a human can’t even
dare to think about it. This is the kind of
motivation that leads us to design a continuous
smart surveillance system that is very efficient
in replacing the conventional security systems.
In this project we have implemented a basic
prototype that detects the external objects in
the environment according to its color, once
that particular is object is detected by the
system the response model targets the object
using a laser beam. By employing this
prototype in the real time effectively combined
with the human intelligence we can achieve
higher level of security.
PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE
The design of the system is built using five
individual modules, of which ATmega16
microcontroller is the heart of the system [1].
1. Microcontroller (ATmega328-Arduino
Uno board)
2. Computer Vision
3. Computer System
4. Servo motor and driver circuits
5. Response module
The microcontroller in our project is an 8 bit
CMOS microcontroller whose architecture is
based on the advanced RISC instruction set.
This microcontroller is embedded on an
Arduino Uno board, which is the base for the
circuit implementation [2]. The Arduino is
interfaced with the other modules camera,
computer system, servo motors and driver
circuits and, response module [2].
The interfacing of the modules with the
microcontroller is given Figure 1.
The Computer vision module provides the
vision for the system and it is the only source
by which system interacts with the working

13. JoMEA (2016) 24-27 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 24
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Industrial Tank Pressure, Temperature and Humidity
Controller using Microcontroller
Shahabaz Ahmad Khan1
, Ahmad Zakariya1
, Saima Beg1
,
Md Belal Bin Heyat2,
*, Mohd Maroof Siddiqui1
1
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar
Pradesh, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
Abstract
In this paper, a computer based pressure, temperature and humidity viewing and controller
using microcontroller has been discussed. The article achievement is an authoritative part in
manufacturing in instruction to protect the excellence of amenity. Hotness sensor measures
the hotness, humidity and compression sensors measure moisture and weight respectively and
corresponding similarity indication, which is additionally treated by the microcontroller. The
statistics will be showed on the liquid crystal display in palmtop display and microcontroller.
Automation and control can be finished with the assistance of supervisor circuitry.
Keywords: Temperature sensors, LCD, microcontroller
INTRODUCTION
Industrial parameter watching is a significant
factor. In the previous existences, it was
complete actually but that was hazardous and
problematic for individual components like
boiler tanks etc. By the rise of rebellion in
microchip technology, the welcoming and
involuntary system has remained designed that
delivers explanation to this through least error
and healthier competence. This research is also
enterprise of hotness observance of big boilers
using numerous sensor systems [1–7].
This research work is founded on Dallas’s
single wire hotness sensor. The stimulating
eye of one-wire strategies i.e. everything on a
solitary wire and likewise bidirectional.
Correspondingly, virtually immeasurable
numeral of one-wire diplomacies can be
associated individual on a particular wire.
Intended for a large tank, we need manifold
numbers of hotness sensors to sense the
hotness of numerous locations in the interior
the container. All the infection sensors are
associated on the equivalent one wire means of
transportation and information is prearranged
to the microcontroller. The regulator
demonstration numbers on liquid crystal
display and conduct it to the computer to be
registered. The supervisor also standardizes
the electric enthusiasm as per the starting point
set by the manipulator i.e. on/off [8–18].
METHOD
Block Diagram of Industrial Tank Pressure,
Temperature and Humidity Controller using
Microcontroller is shown in Figure 1.
Temperature Sensor
Temperature is the gradation of warmness of
the figure, which is a quantity of the heat
gratified in the figure. The delinquent to
enumerate the heat gratified of the figure on a
measure did not ascend until the development
of the condensation locomotive. This device
will give information for hotness. The DS1820
digital thermometer suggests nine-bit
temperature readings, which not yet in office
the high temperature of the trick.
Statistics is sent to on or after the DS1820 over
a one-wire line, so that individual one cable
needs to be supplementary from a fundamental
computer chip to a DS1820. Control for
reading, writing, and performing hotness
conversions can be resultant from the data line
them with no indispensable for an outward
influence foundation. Because each DS1820

14. JoMEA (2016) 28-32 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 28
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Research and Industrial Insight: Microcontroller
Engineering and Applications
Small Diameter Electrolytic Capacitors in
Power Supplies Affecting the Reliability
and Cost
In recent past, an individual from TDK-
Lambda's specialized showcasing group
experienced direct exactly how much impact
little distance across electrolytic capacitors can
have on long haul control supply unwavering
quality. Shockingly he picked February to
have his focal warming framework overhauled
and Britain's erratic climate framework
conveyed snow. The seven year old kettle
framework in the space had been killed for
two days while the radiators were supplanted.
At the point when the establishment was
finished, the evaporator was exchanged on, yet
neglected to begin. The heating technician was
astounded and an extra cost of £200-300 was
specified, alongside a further two day delay
while parts were secured. Our colleague was
hesitant to go more evenings without warming
thus with nothing to lose, scaled into the space
to investigate the evaporator. The expert
expelled the cover and demonstrated to him
the speculate board. Alongside the microchips,
transfers and connectors, there was a power
supply laid out on the PCB.
Knowing that the boiler had been switched off
the previous summer, with no issues, he
speculated the cool climate was bringing about
the issue. He was likewise aware of a current
official statement TDK-Lambda had
composed for its ZMS100 control supply and
how the item configuration had tended to
capacitor life. A warmer was brought into the
space and used to warm up the horde of little
electrolytic capacitors bunched around the
power supply control IC. Once the
encompassing temperature had risen, the
evaporator begun inside 20 seconds,
appropriately awing the professional.
There is a tendency/ propensity in power
supply unwavering quality to concentrate on
the bigger aluminum electrolytic capacitors
utilized as a part of the outline. Going from
10mm to more noteworthy than 50mm in
measurement, these capacitors are utilized
either as capacity or to decrease yield voltage
swell. On account of the "mass" or hold-up
capacitor, normally evaluated at 400 to 450V
dc, vitality is put away to permit the power
supply to keep on operating amid a short AC
interference. The yield capacitors are utilized
to diminish high recurrence swell voltage and
enhance reaction times to sudden load
changes. One of the key components in a
capacitor detail is producer's life time
numbers. According to various clients
electrolytic capacitor life-time is a major
quality element. The concern is that after some
time, with lifted temperatures, electrolyte is
lost because of dissemination through the
elastic seals bringing on a misfortune in
capacitance and an expansion in ESR. For the
mass capacitor, this diminishment in
capacitance can decrease control supply hold-
up times. As the yield capacitors age, the yield
swell voltage can increment to a point where
the power supply can get to be distinctly
precarious. Then again, the littler electrolytic
capacitors that are related with the
housekeeping circuit and start up hardware are
frequently neglected and considered generally
immaterial. Capacitor makers have reacted to
market needs and now offer an assortment of
financially valued electrolytic capacitors that
have 10,000 hours with temperature scopes of
up to 105°C. One would expect that if
adequate care is taken to guarantee the swell
current and encompassing temperatures are
accurately dealt with, the issue would be
comprehended. Not exactly. Taking a gander
at one of the real capacitor producer's
datasheets for a generally utilized long-life
capacitor, it can be seen that for a 12.5mm
width capacitor the life is expressed at 10,000
hours. The life for a 6.3mm measurement
capacitor in a similar arrangement at 105°C
however is just 4000 hours. On the off chance
that the powers supply is in operation 24 hours
a day that likens to less than six months. By
then, the datasheet says the capacitance can be
75% of the first esteem. The broadly utilized
dependable guideline for capacitor derating is

15. Journal of
Microcontroller
Engineering & Applications
May–August 2016
ISSN 2455-197X (Online)
www.stmjournals.com
STM JOURNALS
Scientific Technical Medical