Journal of Control & Instrumentation vol 7 issue 3

ISSN 2229-6972 (Online)
ISSN 2347-7237 (Print)
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STM JOURNALS

1. Virtual Instrumentation System for 3D Tilt Estimation of Moving Object using
MEMS Multi-Sensor Fusion
Ramswaroop Yadav, Roop Pahuja 1
2. Design and Implementation of Phase Shift Full Bridge DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Application
Shamkumar B. Chavan, Mahesh S. Chavan 21
3. Energy Management of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle with Multiple-Energy Storage via
Optimized Fuzzy Controller
Saeed Khoobi Arani, Sayyed Hossein Edjtahed, Abolfazl Halvaei Niasar 28
4. Implementation of Closed Loop Control of Flow in Air Blower System Using PLC and SCADA
Hiren Patel, Mihir Raval 39
5. Stabilizing Internal Damping in Hydrodynamic Bearings using Elegant Control Strategies
S.J. Siva Abhishek, Niranjan Kumar Gupta, Abhro Mukherjee, Satyabrata Das 44
ContentsJournal of Control & Instrumentation

JoCI (2016) 1-20 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Volume 7, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Virtual Instrumentation System for 3D Tilt Estimation of
Moving Object using MEMS Multi-Sensor Fusion
Ramswaroop Yadav, Roop Pahuja*
Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Abstract
This paper considers the problem of 3D tilt estimation of moving object and development of
virtual instrumentation (VI) based system prototype with motion-user interface using six
degree of freedom data from MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope. To overcome the inherent
limitations of both the sensors and minimize accelerometer noise error and gyroscope drift
error, the sensor signals are fused using established Kalman filter and newer, simple and
equally efficient complementary filter. The raw data from the sensors is acquired using
embedded controller and online analysed on the dedicated virtual instrument using data
fusion algorithms. The estimated tilt angles along X, Y, Z axis caused by roll, pitch or yaw
motion of the object are graphically plotted and more interactively displayed on the virtual
model of 3D aerial object. Also, comparative study of complementary filter and Kalman filter
is considered along with the brief overview of the complex and wide-ranging subject of multi-
sensor data fusion.
Keywords: MEMS accelerometer, gyroscope, tilt angle, data fusion, virtual motion, interface,
virtual instrumentation
INTRODUCTION
In the case of dynamic systems, pedestrian or
aerial moving vehicles such as ships,
submarines, aircraft, guided missiles, such as
mini aerial vehicle or unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV), etc., accurate sensing of position,
motion and orientation of moving object is
required for further control and analysis tasks
[1, 2]. This is generally done using on-board
inertial navigation system (INS) that is
specialized computing system with integrated
MEMS (micro-electromechanical system)
sensors to provide navigation information
about the object in motion, precisely with use
of data fusion methods [1]. In this work,
virtual instrumentation (VI) based inertial
navigation system with graphical motion-user
interface for reliable three dimensional tilt
estimation of a dynamic system using data
fusion of MEMS (micro-electromechanical)
inertial sensors has been developed and tested.
Virtual instrumentation is a technology that
uses general purpose computers, data
acquisition devices and graphical
programming language to programme the
functions and features of the instrument with
soft panel to operate the instrument [3]. It is
widely used to create custom defined solutions
for variety of measurements, signal processing
and control applications that are flexible and
easily expandable to suit future needs [4].
BACKGROUND
To address the complex and wide-ranging
subject of multi-sensor data fusion, especially
for a new reader in this area, a brief overview
about the technology describing the definition,
classification, methods and techniques and
application areas, is presented in this section.
Also, related current research work in the area
of use of data fusion for navigation is
discussed in detail. According to the work
group of the joint directors of laboratories
(JDL), data fusion is a multilevel process that
deals with the automatic detection, estimation,
association, correlation, and combination of
data from several sources for quality
improvement [5]. Multi-sensor data fusion as
the term is described in literature, refers to
combining of sensory data or data derived
from sensory data from disparate
homogeneous or heterogeneous sources such

Volume 7, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Design and Implementation of Phase Shift Full Bridge
DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Application
Shamkumar B. Chavan1,
*, Mahesh S. Chavan2
1
Department of Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
2
Department of Electronics Engineering, KIT’s College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur,
Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Soft switched converters offer merits like lowered switching losses, reduced size of magnetic
devices, lowered converter size, etc. Therefore, it is preferred topology in converter’s design.
It also allows use of higher switching frequency. This research work focuses on development
of 1 kW prototype of phase shift full bridge DC-DC converter for photovoltaic application.
This paper discusses component selection criteria, magnetic component design criteria,
hardware and software design issues. Simulation results and experimental results performed
on 1 kW prototype are presented.
Keywords: Phase shift full bridge DC-DC converter, soft switched full bridge converter, phase
shift converter PV application
INTRODUCTION
Full bridge DC-DC converters are widely used
in medium to large power applications. Hard
and soft switching schemes are used in
converters to operate power devices.
Nowadays trend is to use renewable energy
sources for power generation. Photovoltaic
modules are in use for power generation in
which several types of converters are being
experimented. Many researchers have worked
on development of different converters for
different power ratings. Work of few
researchers is discussed here.
Liu et al. implemented full bridge converter
with current doubler scheme in which ZVS
switching scheme is applied [1]. Here,
minimum efficiency of 88% is obtained. Shin
et al. proposed new technique to avoid
circulating energy in ZVS-PSFB converter,
which is based on series boost capacitor [2].
Here, output voltage regulation is achieved by
varying voltage across capacitor with
frequency.
Ortiz et al. implemented FBDCDC converter
for 11 kW application, here, component
selection and design criteria are discussed [3].
Fans are used for cooling and efficiency of
97% is obtained. Yang et al. presented novel
PSFB converter topology in which ZVS is
achieved by auxiliary inductor and transformer
having finite magnetization inductance [4].
Improvement in efficiency is observed for the
prototype developed in this work. Chao et al.
developed full bridge converter based on
phase shift control for ozone generation
application [5]. In this, two power switches
and one capacitor are added to obtain
ZVS/ZCS schemes. PI algorithm is
implemented using TMS320F28335
controller.
Chen et al. presented novel switching control
method for reduction of losses in conventional
PSFB converters [6]. Kim et al. developed
converter in which unipolar PWM technique
and resonant circuit is used to minimize losses
and for efficiency improvement [7]. Chavan et
al. designed hard switched FBDCDC
converter for PV application [8].
Tsukiyama et al. designed a PS-FBDCDC
converter of 5 kW power with secondary side
resonance and having higher efficiency for
photovoltaic application [9]. Dudrik et al.
designed soft switched PWM technique based
FBDCDC converter for high power
application [10]. Zhao et al. developed an
efficient phase shift FBDCDC converter for

Volume 7, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Energy Management of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle
with Multiple-Energy Storage via Optimized Fuzzy
Controller
Saeed Khoobi Arani*, Sayyed Hossein Edjtahed, Abolfazl Halvaei Niasar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
Abstract
The optimum energy management is the main challenge of powered electric vehicles (EVs)
with multiple energy storage systems. The solar powered EVs are enabled with multiple
energy sources and storages, and so, achieving the optimum energy management schedule is a
complicated optimization problem. This paper develops an optimized fuzzy controller using
genetic algorithm (GA) for energy management of solar powered EV equipped with
photovoltaic cells as well as two power banks including battery and super-capacitor. Design
of fuzzy controllers relies too much on the expert experience and non-optimal design may lead
to sub-optimal performance. To overcome this complexity, genetic algorithm (GA) is
employed to optimally determine fuzzy rules and membership functions. The proposed
approach is modelled in ADVISOR software. Standard driving cycle is used to simulate the
proposed approach. Simulation results demonstrate the decrease on consumed power by the
proposed optimal GA-Fuzzy controller in comparison with the standard fuzzy controller.
Keywords: Electric vehicle (EV), energy management, fuzzy controller, genetic algorithm
(GA), solar, ADVISOR
INTRODUCTION
The management and control to run the
transportation system has become more
necessary due to the increasing fuel
consumption in recent years. Traditionally,
fossil fuels were the major energy resources
for transportation system. However, price
uncertainties, political issues of oil provider
countries and environmental problems of fossil
fuels resulted in a need to find other energy
resources [1–3]. The transportation system as
one of the major energy sectors is changing
the internal combustion engines. Electric
vehicles as one of the best possible option
have been developed in the last decade and
new development in battery and storage
devices, charge and discharge infrastructures
has led to relatively high penetration of these
vehicles [4, 5]. According to above mentioned
issues, optimum design of EVs is an important
task. Optimal modeling and simulation of EVs
leads to energy consumption and cost
minimization. There are lots of simulation
software to model and simulate the EVs in
which ADVISOR seems to be more accurate.
Recently, due to the importance of EVs there
has been an augmented interest in energy and
power management and control field. A
control strategy to reduce the energy
consumption in super capacitor and fuel cell
based EVs have been developed by Azib et al.
and Thounthong et al. [6, 7]. Moreover, fuel
consumption optimization has been modelled
by Jiang et al. and Azib et al. for super
capacitor and fuel cell based EVs [8, 9]. The
developed method by Jiang et al. has also been
examined on real EVs [8]. Azib et al.
discussed that the super capacitor’s duty is to
supply electric power in case of high power
consumption of EV, especially in acceleration
mode [9]. Adaptive control method for EVs
with parallel pattern has been studied by
Chasse et al.; the developed strategy in this
article has been adapted with a driving
schematic [10].
Azib et al. has modelled an EV system with
just one convertor [11], while Dawei Gao et
al. has used a fuzzy logic for optimum design
of energy consumption in EVs [12].

Volume 7, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Implementation of Closed Loop Control of Flow in Air
Blower System Using PLC and SCADA
Hiren Patel1,
*, Mihir Raval2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, NITECH Automation, Surat, Gujarat, India
Abstract
The intention of this paper is to design and implement the closed loop control of air flow rate
in the air blower system. Desired value of flow rate is provide from the SCADA (Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition) and actual value of flow rate is measured through the flow
sensor. Based on the difference between actual and desired value of flow rate, PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller) increases or decreases the speed of three phase induction
motor through VVVFD (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drive) to maintain the flow
rate. Obtained results clearly indicate that desired value of flow rate is achieved nicely even
under the influence of external disturbance.
Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), SCADA, VVVFD, Proportional Integral
and Derivative controller (PID)
INTRODUCTION
In many industries and in the fields of
production practice, the accurate control of
flow is very important especially in
pharmaceutical, petroleum, metallurgy,
chemical, building materials, food, machinery,
petroleum and other industries. For the last
few decades, Programmable Logic Controller
(PLC) has been widely accepted in industries
to control various quantities [1, 2].
In an automated system, PLC controller is
usually the central part of a process control
system. With execution of a program stored in
program memory, PLC continuously monitors
status of the system through signals from input
devices. Based on the logic implemented in the
program, PLC determines which actions need
to be executed with output instruments. PLC
has several known advantages including,
flexibility, reliability, low power consumption
and ease of expandability [3, 4]. Its flexible
configuration will provide users with software
tools to quickly build industrial automatic
control system. SCADA stands for
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition,
which offers graphical visual representation of
process parameters even from the remote
places through computers. SCADA creates the
possibility of controlling as well as monitoring
of process parameters through GUI interface.
PLC can communicate with SCADA through
various modes of communications. In
literature, authors have reported control of
varies quantities through PLC and SCADA,
for example supervisory control of electrical
transmission line was discussed in [5] and
dynamic flow controller was discussed in [6].
Temperature control system using fuzzy logic
was proposed in [7] and constant pressure
irrigation pump was implemented in [8]. But
the results are not available for the closed loop
control of air flow rate with PLC, SCADA and
VVVFD for the air blower system. Hence,
here we have implemented the closed loop
control of air flow rate through PLC, SCADA
and VVVFD.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AIR
BLOWER SYSTEM
Consider the air blower system as shown in the
Figure 1. It consists of the air blower, which is
operated by three phase induction motor. This
air blower blow the air in the connected pipe,
on which flow meter and other sensors are
mounted as shown in the Figure 1. Flow rate
of air can be easily varied by varying the speed
of the three phase induction motor. The speed
of induction motor is directly proportional to
the supply frequency and no. of poles of motor

Volume 7, Issue 3
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Stabilizing Internal Damping in Hydrodynamic Bearings
using Elegant Control Strategies
S.J. Siva Abhishek1,
*, Niranjan Kumar Gupta1
, Abhro Mukherjee2
, Satyabrata Das2
1
Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines),
Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
2
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Science and
Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, India
Abstract
The implementation of elegant control strategies to stabilize the internal damping problem in
hydrodynamic bearing has been proposed in this paper. This implementation deals or gives an
advantage of good stability of hydrodynamic bearing, even at critical or threshold speeds
where an unstable whirl occurs leading to instability assisted greatly by this internal damping
factor. Related stability graphs have been plotted using MATLAB 2013 and models have been
designed using SIMULINK.
Keywords: Modelling, internal damping, force coefficients, stiffness coefficients, control law,
whirl orbital response
INTRODUCTION
Internal damping is a bit of complex
phenomenon where the system dynamics are
difficult to describe. This internal damping
causes instability in hydrodynamic bearings due
to effect of anti-symmetric forces, which are of
non-potential nature. It is quite a difficult task to
design compensators to control this instability
for short journal bearings due to complexities in
dynamics and difficulty in implementation of
actuators in fixed reference. Lots of control
strategies were used earlier like sliding mode
controllers, robust controllers but due to
complexity in dynamics and random nature of
instability, the control algorithms have gone
complicated and issues got aroused on their
practical implementation. So, in this paper we
deal with designing a simple elegant controller
which can be easily implemented [1–5].
DYNAMICS
Velocity Components
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑟 + 𝜔𝑥𝑟 (1)
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑟 + 𝜔𝑘 𝑥 (𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗) (2)
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑟 + 𝜔𝑦𝑖 − 𝜔𝑥𝑗 (3)
𝑉𝑥𝑓
𝑉𝑦𝑓
=
𝑉𝑥𝑟
𝑉𝑦𝑟
+
0 𝜔
−𝜔 0
𝑥
𝑦 (4)
Displacement Components
𝑋 𝑟
𝑌𝑟
=
𝑋𝑓
𝑌𝑓
+
0 −𝜔
𝜔 0
𝑋
𝑌
(5)
𝐹𝑥
𝐹𝑦
= 𝑅𝑖
𝑋𝑓
𝑌𝑓
+
0 −𝜔𝑅𝑖
𝜔𝑅𝑖 0
𝑋
𝑌
(6)
Let us consider the circulating component of
force vector which is 2nd term of the previous
equation:
𝐹𝑥
𝐹𝑦
=
0 −𝜔𝑅𝑖
𝜔𝑅𝑖 0
𝑋
𝑌
(7)
In vector notation,
𝐹̅𝑐 = −𝜔𝑅𝑖 𝑦𝑖 + 𝜔𝑅𝑖 𝑥𝑗 (8)
Where, i, j are unit vectors in x, y directions.
Special feature of this force is it cannot be
derived from any potential forces, which
implies:
𝐹̅𝑐 ≠ −∇∅ (9)
for any ∅(𝑥, 𝑦).
This is proved by fact that it has non vanishing
curl,
∇𝑥𝐹̅𝑐 = 2𝜔𝑅𝑖 𝑘 ≠ 0 (10)
The overall equation of motion will be,

Journal of Control & Instrumentation vol 7 issue 3

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Journal of Control & Instrumentation vol 7 issue 3