Exploring the arrival of Christianity in Ireland and understanding why the land of saints and scholars degenerated into the ignorance of the Dark Ages.
400TH Anniversary Lecture
This talk introduces the first theological definition of the Reformed Church of Ireland. It's author, James Ussher, attempted to bring Presbyterians and Episcopalians into the one church fold and for 20 years his gracious experiment worked. These much forgotten Articles are worthy of our consideration today.
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First Part of the Presentation based on Displays at the 2002 Exhibition at the Vatican Museum and Norwich Cathedral, charting the communion of origins and shared history of the Church of England and the Latin Catholic Church, their life together in contemporary Britain and their hopes for full communion.
We are often accused of being followers of Alexander Campbell or it is said that he started the churches of Christ. There were congregations of the churches of Christ hundreds of years before Alexander Campbell.
400TH Anniversary Lecture
This talk introduces the first theological definition of the Reformed Church of Ireland. It's author, James Ussher, attempted to bring Presbyterians and Episcopalians into the one church fold and for 20 years his gracious experiment worked. These much forgotten Articles are worthy of our consideration today.
Anglicanism and the Western Christian Tradition (c) Anglican Centre in Rome 0...Daysbrook
First Part of the Presentation based on Displays at the 2002 Exhibition at the Vatican Museum and Norwich Cathedral, charting the communion of origins and shared history of the Church of England and the Latin Catholic Church, their life together in contemporary Britain and their hopes for full communion.
We are often accused of being followers of Alexander Campbell or it is said that he started the churches of Christ. There were congregations of the churches of Christ hundreds of years before Alexander Campbell.
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Detailed summary for the 1st 20 centuries in the History of Christianity.
Starting with the Apostles and how the christian faith spread throughout the world
Presentation examining sovereignty of God in the British Isles, developing a Protestant Monarchy for the preservation of Gospel liberties and the guaranteeing of that most precious commodity - freedom.
For accompanying audio and video tinysa.com/sermon/68222140251659
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The Reformation empowered Christians with an understanding as to who they were; a people liberated by the Great High Priest as they became Kings and Priests of God.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
4. Important Questions
When did Christianity
come to Ireland?
Was ancient Irish
Christianity Roman
Catholic?
The Reformation did
not introduce
something new
Early Christianity
existed in the world
before the development
of Roman Catholicism
5. How Did Christianity Arrive in Ireland?
“...if it had been possible ye would
have plucked out your eyes and
given them to me” Galatians 4:15
• A Celtic People.
•Among the first to
receive the Gospel.
•The Celts spread through
Europe and populated
Ireland
6. Roman Britain
“Hibernia is situated between
Britain and Spain, and is very
accessible from the shores of
Gaul. In size it is smaller than
Britain yet larger than the islands
of the Meditternean. Its soil,
climate, manners and habits of
the people are similar to those of
Britain. It’s ports are well known
to merchants” (Agricola)
7. Christianity Before Patrick
Missionaries travelled
with the trade.
From an early time
close to the Apostolic
Age Christianity was
introduced to Ireland
8. The Scoto-Irish Church
Regarded by Archbishop James Ussher as
the most ancient example of a true
Christian Church.
In the 3rd Century Cormac, Chief King of
Ireland, turned from paganism “to the
adoration of God”.
Early in the 5th Century the Irish are
recorded as “believing in Christ”.
9. The Paganism of Ireland
Druidism, witchcraft abounded.
The veneration of Holy Wells and belief in
the “wee folk” are lingering examples of a
ancient paganism.
Although Christianity existed there
remained a need for a missionary to
evangelise the Irish.
11. Source Material
1: Complete copy of the
New Testament.
2: Letter to Christians
3: Confession
4: Biographical material
The Book of Armagh
(807 AD)
12. His Early Life
He was born in Scotland.
His Father was a priest or a minister.
At 16 bandits captured him and took him as a
slave to Ireland.
On the hillsides around Slemish he drove his
master’s cows and sheep.
It was at this time he said he was “converted with
my whole heart unto the Lord my God”.
After 6 years he escaped and returned home to
Scotland.
13. Patrick’s Call
In a dream he saw a man calledVictorious.
He gave Patrick a letter called the “Voice of the Irish”.
He heard the people cry,“We entreat thee holy youth
to come and walk henceforth among us”.
He devoted his life to preaching and establishing
churches throughout this island.
17. An Easter Story
Patrick lit his camp fire on Easter Eve.
The King who was celebrating a Pagan Festival when
only his fire should be seen was enraged.
A series of confrontations between Patrick and the
Pagan magicians.
18. Onward and Upward
Some of the courtiers accepted Christianity
The King, however, only nominally showed deference
to the Gospel.
Opened the gateway to the rest of Ireland.
In every Irish Kingdom he left his footprint.
19. His Ministry
He conducted extensive evangelistic tours.
The places that bear his name bear witness
to this fact.
He wrote,“I am greatly a debtor to God
who hath vouchsafed me such great grace
that many people by my means should be
born again to God, and that clergy should
be ordained everywhere for them.”
21. Patrick’s Dates
Late in the 5th Century.
Death is most likely to have taken
place on 17th March either 465 or 493.
The Irish claim he was buried in
Down-Patrick although the English also
claim his burial site in Glastonbury.
22. A Catholic Saint or an Early Protestant?
He never mentioned the
Pope in his writings.
Mary was not spoken of.
Confession was not
practised.
Purgatory was unknown.
His Father was married.
In doctrine he was
Trinitarian, Christ exalting
and was evangelical
believing in the new birth.
He emphasised the
scriptures.
In Church Government he
ordained one bishop per
church.
Was he a Presbyterian?
23. Admnan – The Celtic Scholar
• Monastery of Iona.
• Wrote a book on the
Holy Places of
Palestine.
• Wrote the life of
Columba within 100
years of the death of the
latter
25. The First 40Years
• Born in Donegal – 520 AD.
• Educated at Clonard.
• Established 300 Churches in Ireland as a missionary.
26. Blotting His Copybook
Columba borrowed a Latin Psalter
from Finnian of Moville.
He copied it to Finnian’s annoyance.
The King of Meath, ruled against
Columba.
“to every cow belongs it’s calf, so to
every book belongs it’s copy”.
27. Insight into Ancient Irish Life
• Columba led the Ulstermen in a war with
the south.
• Thousands were dead, Ulster won.
• Columba was exiled from Ireland and sent
to Scotland as penance for his sins.
28. Establishing a Christian Settlement
• Given Iona by the King of Dalriada.
• The Celts believed the Monastery was
a fitting way to show the pagans the
power of Christianity in daily life.
• It was a place of faith, education,
culture, art, of agriculture.
29. Missionary Endeavour
• Reaching far into the Pict Kingdom many
were converted to Christ.
• King Brude himself was converted.
• Columba appointed,Aidan, King of
Dalriada, crowned on the Stone of Scone.
30. A Peaceful Passing
• Reading Psalm 34 he signaled a halt at
the 10th verse.
• He passed away on June 9th 597AD
before the altar.
• “…a face calm and sweet, like that of a
man who in his sleep had seen a vision”
31. The Life of Columbanus
The Celtic Church and a
Passion for Missions
32. Record of an Irish European
The writings of Columbanus – Monastic Rules, Daily
Penances, 17 sermons, 8 PrincipleVices, 5 Letters.
Biography written by a contemporary.
General history of the age in which he lived
33. Education
• Born – 543 AD
• Early education
in one of Lough
Erne Schools.
• Continued at
Bangor Abbey
Theology, Hebrew, Greek,
Latin, Classic Greek
Literature
34. Missionary Passion
The work of Columba had fuelled his interest
in missionary work.
Heard of the corruption of France:
The King who burned his rebellious son and
wife.
The Bishop who burned a man to seize the
estate he coveted.
35. His Qualifications
Latin and the old Celtic Language would take him
anywhere in Europe.
A belief that the Gospel could transform society.
A love for lost souls.
He set sail for France never to return to Ireland.
36. Refusing to Conform
The French flocked to hear the Irish
preacher.
He refused to adopt the European
practices, the tonsure and Easter.
Was returned to Ireland.
37. Final TurbulentYears
• Set back to land after a storm.
• Settled in Switzerland.
• Broke boilers, burned temples and smashed
idols.
• Journeyed onto Northern Italy, crossing the
Alps.
• Called home – November 21st 615 AD.
38. Columbanus and the Pope
• Writing to Pope Gregory.
• Denounced the Roman Easter.
• Described it as “a dark paschal
system”.
• Compared the Pope to a
“dead lion”.
THE ATTITUDE OF ONE
WHO SUBMITTEDTO
THE PAPACY?
39. The Sunset of the Celtic
Church
The Descent
into Darkness
40. The Easter Controversy
• The Roman Church followed the calendar
of Julius Caesar (46 BC).
• Papacy was obsessed with uniformity.
• From Munster to Ulster Ireland gradually
accepted.
• Whitby Conference – 664 AD, decisive
• By the end of the 7th Century there was
uniformity.
41. Augustine of Ireland
• 7th Century writer.
• Wrote a work on the Wonders of
Scripture.
• Held to same doctrine on the Canon of
Inspiration as the Protestants.
• Rejected the Apocrypha.
• Rome as yet had not gained supremacy.
43. Viking Influences
• Vikings adopted Christianity – 9th Century.
• Danish Kingdom of Dublin had Bishops who
accepted the authority of the Roman See.
• The Papacy used this Kingdom to further her
influence in Ireland.
• The Roman Church established the See of
Dublin in opposition to the Celtic See of
Armagh.
44. The Arrival of the Normans
By 1066 theViking Kingdom had collapsed and the
Normans had conquered England.
One of their ambitions was to unify the Churches
of England, Ireland and Wales.
The spiritual vigour of the old Celtic Church had
waned.
Corruption had crept in during the long years of
strife and war.
Roman discipline was finally imposed upon the
Church of Ireland by Malachy.
46. Resistance To Rome
Ireland was the last country in these islands to be
subject to theVatican.
Successive Church Synods in the 12th Century
attempted to impose prelacy upon the people.
Local villages insisted upon electing their own
arch-presbyters to oversee the work of God in
their districts.
The Synods of the Roman Church were therefore
ignored by the people.
47. The English Pope and the Gift of Ireland
In 1155 Adrian 4th gave Henry 2nd the authority to
extend his own Kingdom as well as the Church by
invading Ireland.
The Pope was to receive 1 penny per year from every
household in Ireland.
In 1171 Henry landed at Waterford and assumed
sovereignty over Ireland.
48. Ireland Before The Reformation
The Bible disappeared from the land.
England found parts of the country
ungovernable, lawlessness prevailed.
The Bishops assisted by the Government
rode roughshod over the people.
The Bishops were noted for their greed and
immorality.
49. Would the Gospel Return to
Ireland?
Only the Protestant Reformation 400
years later would bring a new dawn