A goat annual reproductive performance index to guide flock health interventionsILRI
Poster prepared by Gezahegn Alemayehu, Gezahegne Mamo, Biruk Alemu, Hiwot Desta and Barbara Wieland for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
This document outlines the objectives of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and discusses integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) specifically. It finds that while ISFM achieves CSA objectives of increasing productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, its adoption rate is the lowest. This is dubbed "the unholy cross." Reasons for low adoption include labor intensity of ISFM, high fertilizer costs, and weak extension promoting organics. The document recommends increasing extension/marketing budgets, training agents, converting fertilizer subsidies to payments for ecosystem services, and investing in storage/marketing to increase ISFM adoption.
Using the LSIPT toolkit in Egypt to assess different livestock technology and...ILRI
The LSIPT toolkit can assess economic growth and poverty indicators from livestock and household systems in a country. It analyzes livestock sectors at both the national level and household level to fully diagnose contributions. The document describes using the toolkit in Egypt to evaluate different livestock technology and management interventions. Key findings include livestock income being important for poorer households, with poultry and goats providing most cash. Improving feed and breeding drought-resistant breeds helped income, especially for wealthier groups. The research examined livestock's roles in vulnerability reduction and poverty alleviation.
Incubating a promising financial solution for the drylands: Toward sustainabl...ILRI
Presented by Andrew Mude at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
Regional livestock modeling for climate change adaptation and mitigation in S...ILRI
Presentation by Dolapo Enahoro and Karl M. Rich at the Southern Africa Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED) Programme – A Scoping Workshop on Climate Change Pretoria, South Africa, 4 February 2019
The document discusses opportunities and challenges related to adapting agriculture to climate change. It proposes three objectives: 1) developing adapted farming systems using integrated technologies and policies, 2) breeding strategies to address climate stresses, and 3) identifying and deploying genetic diversity for adaptation. Specific initiatives are highlighted, such as multi-site agricultural trials, farmer exchanges, and a knowledge sharing platform, to support achieving the objectives.
A goat annual reproductive performance index to guide flock health interventionsILRI
Poster prepared by Gezahegn Alemayehu, Gezahegne Mamo, Biruk Alemu, Hiwot Desta and Barbara Wieland for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
This document outlines the objectives of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and discusses integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) specifically. It finds that while ISFM achieves CSA objectives of increasing productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, its adoption rate is the lowest. This is dubbed "the unholy cross." Reasons for low adoption include labor intensity of ISFM, high fertilizer costs, and weak extension promoting organics. The document recommends increasing extension/marketing budgets, training agents, converting fertilizer subsidies to payments for ecosystem services, and investing in storage/marketing to increase ISFM adoption.
Using the LSIPT toolkit in Egypt to assess different livestock technology and...ILRI
The LSIPT toolkit can assess economic growth and poverty indicators from livestock and household systems in a country. It analyzes livestock sectors at both the national level and household level to fully diagnose contributions. The document describes using the toolkit in Egypt to evaluate different livestock technology and management interventions. Key findings include livestock income being important for poorer households, with poultry and goats providing most cash. Improving feed and breeding drought-resistant breeds helped income, especially for wealthier groups. The research examined livestock's roles in vulnerability reduction and poverty alleviation.
Incubating a promising financial solution for the drylands: Toward sustainabl...ILRI
Presented by Andrew Mude at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
Regional livestock modeling for climate change adaptation and mitigation in S...ILRI
Presentation by Dolapo Enahoro and Karl M. Rich at the Southern Africa Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED) Programme – A Scoping Workshop on Climate Change Pretoria, South Africa, 4 February 2019
The document discusses opportunities and challenges related to adapting agriculture to climate change. It proposes three objectives: 1) developing adapted farming systems using integrated technologies and policies, 2) breeding strategies to address climate stresses, and 3) identifying and deploying genetic diversity for adaptation. Specific initiatives are highlighted, such as multi-site agricultural trials, farmer exchanges, and a knowledge sharing platform, to support achieving the objectives.
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Gunnar Köhlin, Director, Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg, on 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
Upscaling climate smart agriculture for poverty alleviation: ESPA-EBAFOSA wor...Marije Schaafsma
This presentation summarises the main findings of a synthesis of ESPA research on agriculture, relevant to the question: how can CSA be adapted and scaled up to include the most vulnerable people?
Scaling What Works: Tools for Resilient DrylandsILRI
Presented by Michael R Carter at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
CCAFS is a global research partnership that provides tools, data, and partnerships to support smallholder agriculture under climate change. In East Africa, CCAFS offers freely available climate and impact models, seasonal forecasts, and solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation. Examples of tools include the Ag Trials database containing crop and livestock data, Food Security Case Maps modeling future yields and security, and the CCAFS Climate Portal providing place-specific climate change information relevant to agriculture. CCAFS also partners with organizations in East Africa on initiatives like climate-smart dairy development and index-based livestock insurance.
Christopher B. Barrett
POLICY SEMINAR
Socio-Technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-Food Systems Transformation: Implications for research and the One CGIAR agenda
MAR 19, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document provides information on various projects and activities related to climate-smart agriculture. It discusses the development of climate-smart agricultural practices for smallholder farmers in South Asia under Flagship Project 1.1. It describes the framework for targeting adoption of these practices and mechanisms for verifying their impacts. It also discusses recommendations, incentives and institutions for scaling up climate-smart practices under Flagship Project 1.2. The document outlines research sites and approaches, and provides examples of research results on topics like crop yields, water use, and costs under different scenarios. It discusses linkages between these activities and other projects and initiatives, as well as opportunities for convergence. It also notes efforts to mainstream gender and describes high-level policymaker visits
Highlights from Learning Event No.6: "Achieving and measuring sustainable intensification: the role of technology, best practices and partnerships" at the 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Day in Rio de Janiero.
1. The document discusses climate-smart villages (CSVs), which aim to integrate technologies, practices, and services to address adoption barriers and farmer needs regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation.
2. It seeks to define a common vision for CSVs, reflect on lessons learned, identify opportunities for harmonizing methodologies, and respond to external evaluation recommendations for CSV projects.
3. The approach taken with CSVs uses a participatory method to understand adoption barriers, examines technologies within a broader ecosystem of approaches, and builds evidence for scaling up solutions while leveraging climate finance and services.
- Climate change is expected to negatively impact agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa due to increased temperatures, weather variability, and extreme events.
- Climate-smart agriculture is promoted to enhance productivity while reducing emissions and increasing carbon sequestration, but effects are context-specific.
- The study examines the role of climate-smart practices in mitigating climate change impacts on maize and rice yields and trade in three African economic communities from 2018-2025.
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Africa and policies to promote food security and mitigate climate change through agriculture. It finds that climate change will significantly reduce crop yields but economic factors can lessen the impacts. Existing climate-smart agriculture practices can help increase production and reduce hunger and emissions to some degree. However, greater investment in technologies, irrigation, and research are needed to provide full adaptation and mitigation. The same policies that promote agricultural growth, like research and irrigation investment, also support climate goals when focused on efficiency. Africa could achieve climate-smart growth through agricultural emissions reductions paired with reduced deforestation.
Presentation by Bruce Campbell, director of CCAFS, at the closing session of the Agriculture Advantage event series on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
The document summarizes a workshop on the food, energy, and water nexus held in Arizona. It discusses the challenges of drought, population growth, and increasing energy and food demands. The workshop brought together participants from academia, government, and business to foster collaboration and establish interdisciplinary approaches. It identified five themes: situational scarcity; new technologies; smart data and decision making; policy response; and regional test beds. The document highlights the University of Arizona's role in collaboratively addressing these issues through its research centers, facilities, and partnerships across disciplines and sectors.
Presented by Dr Abdoulaye Saley Moussa, Science Officer, CCAFS West Africa. Africa Agriculture Science Week 6, 15 July 2013, Accra, Ghana
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/events/15/jul/2013/africa-agriculture-science-week-2013
The document discusses limitations of previous adaptation studies in addressing institutional dimensions of adaptation. It argues that studies have focused too much on modeling potential climate impacts and too little on policy-relevant recommendations. While studies identify adaptation strategies like developing new crop varieties and improving irrigation, they provide little guidance on implementing these strategies institutionally. The document calls for adaptation studies to better address critical institutional issues like agricultural research systems, water resources management, and extension services. Framing adaptation as primarily an engineering problem ignores larger collective action and institutional challenges. Future studies need courage to engage more directly with these messy institutional dimensions central to enabling effective adaptation.
10 May 2021. Regenerative Agriculture vs. Agroecology: nomenclature hype or principle divergence?
(a) A decade of CSA: what are the achievements, the challenges and the bottlenecks? (b) What practical implications for smallholder farmers, agriculture and the environment?
Presentation by Bruce Campbell - Director of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Africa RISING project implementation and contribution in Ethiopia. Presented at Africa RISING close-out event.
24-25 January 2023
ILRI campus- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Gunnar Köhlin, Director, Environment for Development, University of Gothenburg, on 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
Upscaling climate smart agriculture for poverty alleviation: ESPA-EBAFOSA wor...Marije Schaafsma
This presentation summarises the main findings of a synthesis of ESPA research on agriculture, relevant to the question: how can CSA be adapted and scaled up to include the most vulnerable people?
Scaling What Works: Tools for Resilient DrylandsILRI
Presented by Michael R Carter at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
CCAFS is a global research partnership that provides tools, data, and partnerships to support smallholder agriculture under climate change. In East Africa, CCAFS offers freely available climate and impact models, seasonal forecasts, and solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation. Examples of tools include the Ag Trials database containing crop and livestock data, Food Security Case Maps modeling future yields and security, and the CCAFS Climate Portal providing place-specific climate change information relevant to agriculture. CCAFS also partners with organizations in East Africa on initiatives like climate-smart dairy development and index-based livestock insurance.
Christopher B. Barrett
POLICY SEMINAR
Socio-Technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-Food Systems Transformation: Implications for research and the One CGIAR agenda
MAR 19, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document provides information on various projects and activities related to climate-smart agriculture. It discusses the development of climate-smart agricultural practices for smallholder farmers in South Asia under Flagship Project 1.1. It describes the framework for targeting adoption of these practices and mechanisms for verifying their impacts. It also discusses recommendations, incentives and institutions for scaling up climate-smart practices under Flagship Project 1.2. The document outlines research sites and approaches, and provides examples of research results on topics like crop yields, water use, and costs under different scenarios. It discusses linkages between these activities and other projects and initiatives, as well as opportunities for convergence. It also notes efforts to mainstream gender and describes high-level policymaker visits
Highlights from Learning Event No.6: "Achieving and measuring sustainable intensification: the role of technology, best practices and partnerships" at the 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Day in Rio de Janiero.
1. The document discusses climate-smart villages (CSVs), which aim to integrate technologies, practices, and services to address adoption barriers and farmer needs regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation.
2. It seeks to define a common vision for CSVs, reflect on lessons learned, identify opportunities for harmonizing methodologies, and respond to external evaluation recommendations for CSV projects.
3. The approach taken with CSVs uses a participatory method to understand adoption barriers, examines technologies within a broader ecosystem of approaches, and builds evidence for scaling up solutions while leveraging climate finance and services.
- Climate change is expected to negatively impact agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa due to increased temperatures, weather variability, and extreme events.
- Climate-smart agriculture is promoted to enhance productivity while reducing emissions and increasing carbon sequestration, but effects are context-specific.
- The study examines the role of climate-smart practices in mitigating climate change impacts on maize and rice yields and trade in three African economic communities from 2018-2025.
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Africa and policies to promote food security and mitigate climate change through agriculture. It finds that climate change will significantly reduce crop yields but economic factors can lessen the impacts. Existing climate-smart agriculture practices can help increase production and reduce hunger and emissions to some degree. However, greater investment in technologies, irrigation, and research are needed to provide full adaptation and mitigation. The same policies that promote agricultural growth, like research and irrigation investment, also support climate goals when focused on efficiency. Africa could achieve climate-smart growth through agricultural emissions reductions paired with reduced deforestation.
Presentation by Bruce Campbell, director of CCAFS, at the closing session of the Agriculture Advantage event series on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
The document summarizes a workshop on the food, energy, and water nexus held in Arizona. It discusses the challenges of drought, population growth, and increasing energy and food demands. The workshop brought together participants from academia, government, and business to foster collaboration and establish interdisciplinary approaches. It identified five themes: situational scarcity; new technologies; smart data and decision making; policy response; and regional test beds. The document highlights the University of Arizona's role in collaboratively addressing these issues through its research centers, facilities, and partnerships across disciplines and sectors.
Presented by Dr Abdoulaye Saley Moussa, Science Officer, CCAFS West Africa. Africa Agriculture Science Week 6, 15 July 2013, Accra, Ghana
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/events/15/jul/2013/africa-agriculture-science-week-2013
The document discusses limitations of previous adaptation studies in addressing institutional dimensions of adaptation. It argues that studies have focused too much on modeling potential climate impacts and too little on policy-relevant recommendations. While studies identify adaptation strategies like developing new crop varieties and improving irrigation, they provide little guidance on implementing these strategies institutionally. The document calls for adaptation studies to better address critical institutional issues like agricultural research systems, water resources management, and extension services. Framing adaptation as primarily an engineering problem ignores larger collective action and institutional challenges. Future studies need courage to engage more directly with these messy institutional dimensions central to enabling effective adaptation.
10 May 2021. Regenerative Agriculture vs. Agroecology: nomenclature hype or principle divergence?
(a) A decade of CSA: what are the achievements, the challenges and the bottlenecks? (b) What practical implications for smallholder farmers, agriculture and the environment?
Presentation by Bruce Campbell - Director of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Africa RISING project implementation and contribution in Ethiopia. Presented at Africa RISING close-out event.
24-25 January 2023
ILRI campus- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The document summarizes the progress and achievements of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) in its first full year of work in 2013. Key points include:
- PIM restructured its work into 7 flagship projects and 1 cross-cutting flagship addressing gender, partnerships, and capacity building.
- Research activities produced publications and discussion papers while some results were applied. Relationships with partners were strengthened.
- Achievements under each flagship project are described, including new modeling work, data collection on agricultural investments, and learning platforms on technology adoption.
- The document reflects on lessons learned during PIM's initial implementation and discusses how indicators can be used
The document discusses the development of decision support tools to help prioritize climate-smart agriculture investments and actions. It outlines the need for such tools from governments and donors to move beyond lists of options to identify portfolios of practices. The proposed prioritization tool would use a climate-smart agriculture compendium database and indicators to assess tradeoffs between options across social, economic and environmental dimensions. The tool development process is participatory and aimed at identifying best-bet climate-smart agriculture portfolios for specific contexts through pilots in 2014.
Sustainable intensification and climate change: An EARS-CGIAR Mega-program in...ILRI
Presented by Barry Shapiro (ILRI) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Ashu Handa's (UNC) presentation at the Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning's (CEDIL) project design clinic held in Oxford (UK) on 26 February 2020.
Day 1 Session 2 TRIPS WASDS Presentation by Bill Payne - This presentation gives an overview of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Systems, setting out the conceptual research framework, CGIAR Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs), and cross-cutting themes
This document outlines plans for a global research partnership to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods in dryland areas. It discusses seven proposed intermediate development outcomes (IDOs) focused on increasing resilience, income, food security, and sustainable natural resource management. Activities are clustered under the IDOs and use a standardized logframe template with specifics on sites, outputs, outcomes, deliverables, leaders, partnerships, and timelines. The plans aim to meet expectations by setting better impact targets and following budget principles.
The document discusses global foresight modeling to guide sustainable intensification for smallholder systems. It describes the CGIAR's Global Futures and Strategic Foresight project which uses quantitative modeling to project global agriculture and assess technology and policy options. While useful at a macro scale, the models have limitations for smallholders due to their focus on international trade and lack of farm-level details. The new BioSight project aims to improve on this by combining biophysical and economic analysis using household data to directly model crop-livestock intensification strategies and tradeoffs.
Way forward on criteria and indicators towards permanent restoration of Indon...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haris Gunawan, Deputy of Research and Development, Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), at Webinar "A Synthesis and Way Forward", 17 December 2020.
Presentation by Osana Bonilla-Findji and Dhanush Dinesh at GACSA’s joint workshop on ‘Metrics for Climate-Smart Agriculture’ in Rome, FAO HQ, 15 June 2017.
Presented by Siboniso Moyo (ILRI) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
ILRI envisions a world where all people have access to enough food and livelihood options to fulfill their potential.
ILRI’s mission is to improve food and nutritional security and to reduce poverty in developing countries through research for efficient, safe and sustainable use of livestock— ensuring better lives through livestock
ILRI works in partnerships and alliances with other organizations, national and international, in livestock research, training and information. ILRI works in all tropical developing regions of Africa and Asia.
ILRI is a member of the CGIAR Consortium that conducts food and environmental research to help alleviate poverty and increase food security while protecting the natural resource base
A report from the CRP1.1 launch meeting in Amman, Jordan outlines the products of the inception phase, namely the groundwork for baseline characterization of each region and the products of the workshops that were set up to establish research priorities. The common ground between the regions consisted of 21 shared constraints, 20 shared outputs, 16 shared hypothesis and 20 shared outcomes.
Criteria for Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) were also established during the inception phase. Criteria are meant to be: informed by and have buy in from key stakeholders, integrated across CRPs, fully aligned with CG system level IDOs, completed by Sept 30, 2013, and composed of three 3-year cycles.
Seven impacts from established IDOs were established and cross-cutting themes and program level tools instituted. Definite impact goals were also specified with 10-20% increases in productivity for systems targeted for vulnerability reduction and 20-30% increases in productivity have been slated for systems which can be sustainably intensified. A 20% adoption rate within action sites was also established during the inception phase as a major area of focus for the Dryland Systems CRP.
Efficient data collection from rural households – is RHOMIS for you?ILRI
Presented by James Hammond, Tim Pagella, Todd Rosenstock, Leo Gorman, Sam Adams, Jacob van Etten, Nils Teufel and Mark van Wijk at the Commonwealth Heads of Statistics Conference in London, UK, 23 November 2018.
Similar to Benchmarking of sustainable intensification at landscape and household levels (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Benchmarking of sustainable intensification at landscape and household levels
1. § A snapshot assessment of multiple dimensions of
sustainability at landscape level
§ Identifies which issues are locally changeable,
which are sturdy (static and in a good condition),
and which are stubborn (static and in a bad
condition)
§ Allows identification of synergies and trade-offs
when comparing between households using or
not using specific practices
Benchmarking of Sustainable
Intensification at Landscape and
Household Levels
Partners
ILRI, Africa RISING Ethiopia, Sustainable
Intensification Innovation Lab.
CLIMATE CHANGE &
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock thanks all donors & organizations
which globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust
Fund. cgiar.org/funders
This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International Licence. June 2020
Context
• Discerning the overall effects of our program
activities in any one place can be hard
• We provide an approach which allows for a
systematic, integrative understanding of
landscape-level impacts
• We have piloted this approach in four regions of
Ethiopia, as part of the Africa RISING program.
Our innovative approach
• Data collection through RHoMIS household
survey
• Calculation of 30 indicators representing five
domains of sustainability
• Normalised comparison possible using expert-
derived locally appropriate thresholds for each
indicator
• Visualisation and trade-off analysis to identify
hot topics at landscape and household levels
Future steps
• Use of the approach in wider number of locations
will give intelligence for evaluating and planning
further work
• Much of the data required is already in the
RHoMIS database, post-hoc evaluations could be
done in a large number of locations.
• Developing the process into a user-friendly “tool”
or process could facilitate wider use.
Jim Hammond
J.Hammond@cgiar.org
Mark van Wijk
M.vanWijk@cgiar.org
Nils Teufel
N.Teufel@cgiar.org
Peter Thorne
P.Thorne@cgiar.org
LIVESTOCK & ENVIRONMENT
Mean number of introduced technologies still in use:
2.3 2.5 3.0
à à Increasing degree of intensification à à
Each chart shows aggregated indicator scores for five domains of sustainability –
Agricultural Productivity, Economic, Environment, Human Wellbeing, and Social.
The three charts represent households from Tigray, Ethiopia, and are organised
according to the degree of intensification measured per farm. The results show
that intensification here was associated with increased use of the promoted
technologies, improved economic and environmental indicators, and did not
damage wellbeing or social indicators.
A sustainably intensified system? Crop residues are stored for animal feed, while
a cow threshes the grain. But will the residues be stored efficiently, or will they
be spoiled? Is the soil being depleted of carbon, or have cover crops been sown?
Photo: J Hammond.