Introducing the sustainable intensification assessment frameworkafrica-rising
Presented by Mark Musumba, Philip Grabowski, Cheryl Palm and Sieglinde Snapp at the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
Insights from scenario-guided policy development across six global regions. Presentation held at Our Common Future event in Paris, France in July 2015.
Presentation from Dr Caitlin Corner-Dolloff (CIAT) about decision-support framework for targeting investment towards climate-smart agriculture, presented on July 8 at the Our Common Future Under Climate Change science conference in Paris.
Sustainable intensification tradeoff and synergiesafrica-rising
Presented by Phil Grabowski and Mark Musumba at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Phase II Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 October 2016
Presentation given at the high-level panel on Resilient Agriculture organized by the High Commission of the 3N Initiative (Nigeriens Nourish Nigeriens) and the World Bank, Niamey - Niger. Andreea Nowak (CIAT)
Introducing the sustainable intensification assessment frameworkafrica-rising
Presented by Mark Musumba, Philip Grabowski, Cheryl Palm and Sieglinde Snapp at the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
Insights from scenario-guided policy development across six global regions. Presentation held at Our Common Future event in Paris, France in July 2015.
Presentation from Dr Caitlin Corner-Dolloff (CIAT) about decision-support framework for targeting investment towards climate-smart agriculture, presented on July 8 at the Our Common Future Under Climate Change science conference in Paris.
Sustainable intensification tradeoff and synergiesafrica-rising
Presented by Phil Grabowski and Mark Musumba at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Phase II Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 October 2016
Presentation given at the high-level panel on Resilient Agriculture organized by the High Commission of the 3N Initiative (Nigeriens Nourish Nigeriens) and the World Bank, Niamey - Niger. Andreea Nowak (CIAT)
Proposed contributions of Africa RISING for AICCRA small ruminant value chain...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Melkamu Bezabih and Aberra Adie at the Accelerating the impacts of CGIAR climate research in Africa (AICCRA) Virtual team meeting, 21 August 2020
The Inception Phase Outcomes presentation for West African Sahel and Dryland Savannah was presented by Dr. Antione Kalinganire of IRT at the Launch meeting in Amman in May of 2013.
The nations involved were Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. Inception phase achievements included;
• an intense 6 month period of ground work to characterize the systems and include defining constraints and opportunities
• the organization of regional inception workshop
• participation in the 11th international conference on development of drylands in Beijing
• formulation of hypothesis and defining research questions in different action sites
• building partner capacity
• assembling a work plan and budget
• a review of key partnerships
Key activites were planned including the assembly of baselines for the action site support systems and a quantification of the biomass and resource flow at the action sites. Major partner participation was enlisted from local institutions, regional and international centers and CG centers.
An introduction to Africa RISING phase 2 Program-wide approachesafrica-rising
Presented by Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon, Manager, Africa RISING ESA and WA projects, at the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
The Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Regional Program for Southeast Asia (CCAFS-SEA) recently concluded a collective engagement and communication program workshop at the Agricultural Genetics Institute in Hanoi, Vietnam on 29-30 May.
The workshop participants drew insights from best practices of CGIAR member-centers, developed a roadmap to actively engage partners, and draw an overall communication plan to support the implementation of CCAFS research agenda and priorities.
Presented by Dr. Rex Navarro
This presentation was given at a COP20 side event workshop titled "Tools and methods for planning and decision-making for agriculture and climate change," organized by CCAFS and ONF Andina.
Presentation given by Caitlin Corner-Dolloff.
This is a presentation done by Kindie Tesfaye at the integrated agricultural production and food security forecasting system for East Africa workshop 15-16 April 2015 in Nairobi, Kenya
Regional livestock modeling for climate change adaptation and mitigation in S...ILRI
Presentation by Dolapo Enahoro and Karl M. Rich at the Southern Africa Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED) Programme – A Scoping Workshop on Climate Change Pretoria, South Africa, 4 February 2019
Extrapolation suitability for improved vegetable technologies in Babati Distr...africa-rising
Presented by Francis Muthoni, Justus Ochieng, Jean-Marc Delore, Phillipo J. Lukumay, and Inviolata Dominic at the Power on Your Plate Summit, Arusha, Tanzania, 25-28 January 2021.
How do the most common farm - level CSA management practices affect food production, resilience capacity and mitigation in farming systems of developing countries.
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen and Peter Läderach at "How to design value chains programmes that address climate risks: an IFAD-CGIAR learning event", 25 February 2016, Rome.
James Stevenson and Paul Viek
Policy Seminar
Managing natural resources for sustainable production systems: A research agenda at the crossroads
Co-organized by CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC); IFPRI; and CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets
Feb 28, 2018 - 12:15 pm to 01:45 pm EST
Using agroecology to measure sustainability in agriculture TAPE – the Tool fo...Francois Stepman
Presentation by Anne Mottet - FAO Livestock Development Officer, Animal Production and Health Division - "Using agroecology to measure sustainability in agriculture TAPE – the Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation"
02/07 WEBINAR: The effects of agroecology. Why are metrics needed?
Proposed contributions of Africa RISING for AICCRA small ruminant value chain...africa-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne, Melkamu Bezabih and Aberra Adie at the Accelerating the impacts of CGIAR climate research in Africa (AICCRA) Virtual team meeting, 21 August 2020
The Inception Phase Outcomes presentation for West African Sahel and Dryland Savannah was presented by Dr. Antione Kalinganire of IRT at the Launch meeting in Amman in May of 2013.
The nations involved were Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. Inception phase achievements included;
• an intense 6 month period of ground work to characterize the systems and include defining constraints and opportunities
• the organization of regional inception workshop
• participation in the 11th international conference on development of drylands in Beijing
• formulation of hypothesis and defining research questions in different action sites
• building partner capacity
• assembling a work plan and budget
• a review of key partnerships
Key activites were planned including the assembly of baselines for the action site support systems and a quantification of the biomass and resource flow at the action sites. Major partner participation was enlisted from local institutions, regional and international centers and CG centers.
An introduction to Africa RISING phase 2 Program-wide approachesafrica-rising
Presented by Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon, Manager, Africa RISING ESA and WA projects, at the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
The Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Regional Program for Southeast Asia (CCAFS-SEA) recently concluded a collective engagement and communication program workshop at the Agricultural Genetics Institute in Hanoi, Vietnam on 29-30 May.
The workshop participants drew insights from best practices of CGIAR member-centers, developed a roadmap to actively engage partners, and draw an overall communication plan to support the implementation of CCAFS research agenda and priorities.
Presented by Dr. Rex Navarro
This presentation was given at a COP20 side event workshop titled "Tools and methods for planning and decision-making for agriculture and climate change," organized by CCAFS and ONF Andina.
Presentation given by Caitlin Corner-Dolloff.
This is a presentation done by Kindie Tesfaye at the integrated agricultural production and food security forecasting system for East Africa workshop 15-16 April 2015 in Nairobi, Kenya
Regional livestock modeling for climate change adaptation and mitigation in S...ILRI
Presentation by Dolapo Enahoro and Karl M. Rich at the Southern Africa Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED) Programme – A Scoping Workshop on Climate Change Pretoria, South Africa, 4 February 2019
Extrapolation suitability for improved vegetable technologies in Babati Distr...africa-rising
Presented by Francis Muthoni, Justus Ochieng, Jean-Marc Delore, Phillipo J. Lukumay, and Inviolata Dominic at the Power on Your Plate Summit, Arusha, Tanzania, 25-28 January 2021.
How do the most common farm - level CSA management practices affect food production, resilience capacity and mitigation in farming systems of developing countries.
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen and Peter Läderach at "How to design value chains programmes that address climate risks: an IFAD-CGIAR learning event", 25 February 2016, Rome.
James Stevenson and Paul Viek
Policy Seminar
Managing natural resources for sustainable production systems: A research agenda at the crossroads
Co-organized by CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC); IFPRI; and CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets
Feb 28, 2018 - 12:15 pm to 01:45 pm EST
Using agroecology to measure sustainability in agriculture TAPE – the Tool fo...Francois Stepman
Presentation by Anne Mottet - FAO Livestock Development Officer, Animal Production and Health Division - "Using agroecology to measure sustainability in agriculture TAPE – the Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation"
02/07 WEBINAR: The effects of agroecology. Why are metrics needed?
Africa RISING scaling opportunities and partners—Ghanaafrica-rising
Presented by Naaminong Karbo (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana) at the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
Presented by A. Larbi, M. Bekunda, I. Hoeschle-Zeledon, K. Bekele, G. Fischer, P. Thorne, K. Mekonnen, C. Azzarri and J. Groot at the Africa RISING Humidtropics Systems Research Marketplace, Ibadan, Nigeria, 15-17 November 2016
Integrated landscape management: Africa RISING R4D experiences in the Ethiopi...africa-rising
Presented by Lulseged Tamene, Tesfaye Yaekob, James Ellison, Kindu Mekonnen, Kifle Woldearegay, Zenebe Adimassu, Temesgen Alene, Workneh Dubale, Mohammed Ibrahim, Biyensa Gurmessa, Girma Kassie and Peter Thorne at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
Mean water balance dynamics and smallholder management options for improved a...africa-rising
Poster prepared by F. Kizito, E. Salifu, W. Agyare and Cofie, O for the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
Crop varieties research and implications on closing yield gaps and diversifyi...africa-rising
Presented by Kalpana Sharma, Frédéric Baudron, Yetsedaw Aynewa, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Asheber Kifle, Meresiet Hailu and Shawkat Begum at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
Sustainable intensification indicator framework for Africa RISINGafrica-rising
Presented by Philip Grabowski (Michigan State University), Mark Musumba (Columbia University), Cheryl Palm (University of Florida) and Sieg Snapp (Michigan State University) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Phase II Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 October 2016
Water availability for dry season irrigation in the Anayariwatershed in Ghanaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Eric Ofosu-Antwi, Olufunke Cofie, Frank Annor, Marloes Mul and Benjamin Ghansah for the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
Decision support tools for farm-level fertilizer recommendation in Ethiopiaafrica-rising
Presented by Tilahun Amede, Tadesse Asrat and Gizachew Legesse, Kindu Mekonnen, Addisu Asfaw, Mohammed Ibrahim, Temesgen Alene, Workneh Dubale, Peter Thorne and Lulseged Tamene at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
Partnerships for sustainable intensification research in Africaafrica-rising
Presented by Mateete Bekunda, Asamoah Larbi, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon (IITA) and Kindu Mekonnen (ILRI) at the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meeting, Phoenix, USA, 7 November 2016
Africa RISING seeks partnership with development institutions for scaling of ...africa-rising
Presented by Mateete Bekunda, Haroon Sseguya and Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon at the Africa RISING–CRS (Catholic Relief Services) Tanzania Meeting, Dar es Salaam, 6 March 2017
Marc Schut presents an overview of Flagship Project 5 'Improved livelihoods at scale' of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), during the 18th Triennial Symposium of the International Society of Tropical Roots Crops (ISTRC) in October 2018.
Will a Time of Plenty for Agricultural and Livestock Research Help to Feed th...copppldsecretariat
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The next Brussels Development Briefing no. 51 on ”Agriculture as an engine of economic reconstruction and development in fragile countries ” took place on 27 June 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD.
Prepared by:
Lead Authors
Walter de Boef, Marja Thijssen, Boudy van Schagen, and Tom van Mourik
Contributors
Tofa Abdullahi, Godwin Atser, Isabelle Baltenweck, Jens-Peter Barnekow Lillesø, Zewdie Bishaw, Elohor Diebiru-Ojo, Carlo Fadda, Alessandra Galie, Sita Ghimire, Lars Graudal, Aynalem Haile, Jon Hellin, Ramni Jamnadas, Alpha Kamara, Karen Marshall, Margaret McEwan, Adamu Molla, Baloua Nebie, Kwame Ogero, Chris Ojiewo, Lucky Omoigui, Michael Peters, Srinivasulu Rajendran, Cristiano Rossignoli, Lateef Sanni, Kelvin Mashisia Shikuku, Reuben Solomon, David Spielman, Abiro Tigabie, and Aboubacar Toure
The Role of Knowledge Management in Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS)apaari
The Role of Knowledge Management in Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) by Martina Spisiakova, Knowledge Management Coordinator, Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI)
Similar to Africa RISING Phase II: What’s new? (20)
Africa RISING project implementation and contribution in Ethiopia. Presented at Africa RISING close-out event.
24-25 January 2023
ILRI campus- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Technique de compostage des tiges de cotonnier au Mali-Sudafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Moumini Guindo, Bouba Traoré, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, and Alou Coulibaly for the 13th Symposium of the Malian Society of Applied Sciences (MSAS), 01 July – 05 August 2022.
Flux des nutriments (N, P, K) des resources organiques dans les exploitations...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Moumini Guindo, Bouba Traoré, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, and Alou Coulibaly for the 13th Symposium of the Malian Society of Applied Sciences (MSAS), 01 July 1 – 05 August 2022.
Eliciting willingness to pay for quality maize and beans: Evidence from exper...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Julius Manda, Adane Tufa, Christopher Mutungi, Arega Alene, Victor Manyong and Tahirou Abdoulaye for the IITA Social Science Group Virtual Meeting, 7 December 2021.
The woman has no right to sell livestock: The role of gender norms in Norther...africa-rising
Presented by Kipo Jimah and Gundula Fischer (IITA) at the virtual conference on Cultivating Equality: Advancing Gender Research in Agriculture and Food Systems, 12-15 October 2021
Contribution of Africa RISING validated technologies, nutrition-education interventions to household nutrition and participatory nutrition-education need assessment with seasonal food availability in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions of Ethiopia
Africa RISING in Ethiopia organized a farmer’s field day event on 24 December 2020, in Bale, Oromia Region. The field day aimed to create awareness, measure the progress and get feedback on the ongoing food and forage crops technologies. Animal feed seed multiplication on farmers training centers as well as wheat clustered seed multiplication on seed producer's cooperative were included on the visit.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
1. Africa RISING Phase II
What’s new?
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon (IITA)
Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting
1-2 February 2017,
Accra, Ghana.
2. Phase II in a nutshell
• A continuation of Phase I with some major
changes
• A research project but….
• committed to generating measureable
impacts at scale (˜1.2 million households)
• Another $50m investment by USAID
• Same country focus
Africa RISING Phase II Program Proposal: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/77114
3. Program Purpose
To provide pathways out of hunger and poverty for
smallholder families through sustainably intensified
farming systems that sufficiently improve food,
nutrition, and income security, particularly for women
and children, and conserve or enhance the natural
resource base
4. Some New Key Elements of Phase II
• Theory of Change
• “Research in Development” model
• Program-level initiatives
• Vision of success / targets
• New partnerships, esp. for scaling
5. Theory of Change
• Research generates, adapts and validates
Sustainable Intensification innovations
• Adopting these, rural households make more efficient
use of available resources
• Increased efficiency increased production
without compromising the needs of future
generations
• Increased production is associated with a range
of livelihood benefits (income, nutrition, human
capacity)
8. Research-in-Development (R-in-D) - operationally
(i) research issues are prioritized following the specific needs of development
partners and their beneficiaries, including prioritization in case of multiple
demands,
(ii) the geographical focus area of the research program is aligned with that of
the development initiative, whereby variation in context variables that
could affect the performance of products and solutions is expected to be
integrated in such program,
(iii) the output and outcome targets of the research program are aligned to
those of the development initiative, and
(iv) any research, demonstration, or adaptation activities take place with
direct engagement of the farming households and associations targeted
and the development partners facilitating these
9. Research-in-Development (R-in-D) - advantages
(i) variation in performance of improved interventions within the target
environments is embedded in the research process,
(ii) through participatory evaluation, ‘best bet’ options are transformed into
‘best fit’ options, addressing farmer’s production objectives and resource
constraints,
(iii) improved options are evaluated as these interact with livelihood systems,
operating beyond individual plots or farms, and
(iv) M&E processes can generate new research questions based on the
identification of secondary problems affecting system productivity
10. Typologies and technologies: Which interventions could
be interesting for whom?
Food
insecure;
‘hanging in’,
risk averse
and limited
investment
opportunities
Less risk-
averse; high
potential for
investing;
livestock-
related entry
points
Well-off;
‘positive
deviance;
unlikely to get
engaged; could
be ‘lead
farmers’
Could
improve
livelihoods;
risk averse;
limited
investment
opportunities
11. Program-wide initiatives
• SI indicator framework
• Common research questions
• Program-wide analyses
• Communities of Practice
12. Indicator framework for SI
• AR mandate is to provide pathways out of hunger and poverty
through sustainable intensification of farming systems
• Sustainable ag intensification has various dimensions:
Productivity, Economics, Environment, Social, and Human
conditions
• How can we measure the trajectory of SI in these domains?
• Indicator framework has been developed by a group of
scientists from different institutions, incl. Africa RISING
• Africa RISING is adopting this framework in phase 2
• It is a set of indicators for each domain with appropriate metrics
and methods for measurement
• It allows measuring change in the 5 domains at different scale
(plot/field, farm, hh, landscape/admin unit) and assessing
intervention trade-offs and interactions between scales
13. Research Questions
1. Trade-offs and synergies: What are the environmental, economic, human
and social consequences (according to the SI framework) of productivity-
enhancing interventions?
2. Adaptation/ adoptability: How are these interventions adapted to the
endowments of diverse farmer typologies in the target areas and how do
enabling conditions (e.g. access to markets, agro-inputs, finance) affect this
adaptation process?
3. Livelihoods: How do changes in the management of specific activities or
combination of activities within a farm (e.g. a field or a livestock unit) affect
overall livelihood conditions for different farmer typologies?
4. Enabling: How do enabling conditions affect the nature (variety, agro-inputs,
complexity, diversity) of promising interventions moving towards SI?
5. Equity: How does social capital affect community productivity, cooperation and
well-being along with the scaling of SI innovations?
14. Program-wide analyses
• Across countries, IFPRI will undertake studies to provide
more evidence to support research adaptation, targeting,
scaling, innovation adoptability, decision making, ex-ante
impact assessment, …
15. Communities of Practice
• Better coordination and capitalization of existing
expertise across the projects, more science outputs,
more cross-site learning, more streamlined activities
across countries and partners
• CoPs bring together scattered people with a
common interest in improving what they are doing
• 5 initial CoPs to advance our science and achieve
our goals:
• Socio-economic Assessment of Technological Innovations (Proposed Champion:
Asfaw Negassa, ILRI).
• Nutrition (Proposed Champion: Caroline Sobgui, WorldVeg)
• Private Sector Engagement for Better Linkages of Farmers to Input and Output
Markets (Proposed Champion: Patrick Okori, ICRISAT).
• Livestock intensification and integration (Proposed Champion: Augustine Ayantunde,
ILRI)
• Translating Research Outputs into Scaled Innovation (Proposed Champion: Haroon
Sseguya, IITA)
17. Scaling Partnerships
• Frontline public and NGO delivery systems e.g.
agencies implementing Ethiopia’s National Growth
and Transformation Plan
• USAID Mission-supported large development
initiatives e.g. partnership with Tanzania Staples
Value Chain Activity (NAFAKA)
• Public-private partners e.g. legume technology
dissemination and marketing by N2 Africa
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23. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net
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