Jigsaw reading
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Alexander Fleming was a Scottish bacteriologist who accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928. While studying staphylococci bacteria cultures in his London laboratory, he noticed a mold that had contaminated one of the plates was killing the deadly bacteria around it. This led to his discovery of penicillin, now considered one of the greatest medical discoveries of the 20th century. He received the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his work developing penicillin as an antibiotic treatment. Mary Mallon was an Irish immigrant cook who spread typhoid fever through the households she worked for in the early 1900s, infecting over 50 people and killing one. Authorities eventually identified her as the cause and kept her isolated on an island for over two decades to prevent further
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Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner was an English physician born in 1749 who discovered vaccination for smallpox. He observed that dairy workers who had previously contracted cowpox did not later get smallpox. In 1796, he took material from a cowpox blister and inoculated an 8-year old boy, later exposing him to smallpox with no illness resulting. Jenner published his findings in 1798. By 1800, over 100,000 people worldwide had been vaccinated. Jenner's discovery led to the eradication of smallpox and saved millions of lives. He received honors but died in 1823 before being elected to the College of Physicians.
The discovery of vaccination
1. In the late 18th century, smallpox killed about 10% of the population each year regardless of social class or religion.
2. Edward Jenner, a doctor working in a small village in England, noticed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not later get smallpox.
3. Jenner conducted an experiment where he inoculated a boy with cowpox pus and later smallpox pus, finding that the boy did not contract smallpox. He had discovered vaccination and that exposure to cowpox provided protection against smallpox.
Jenner and disease
Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox provided protection against smallpox. In 1796, he conducted an experiment where he introduced cowpox into a child, who was later exposed to smallpox but did not become ill. Jenner had found that prior exposure to the mild cowpox virus conferred immunity to the more dangerous smallpox virus. This breakthrough led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and marked a major step forward in preventing infectious disease.
Smallpox vaccine
Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century while practicing medicine in Berkeley, England. He observed that milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox, a disease similar to smallpox, did not later contract smallpox. In 1796, Jenner conducted an experiment where he inserted cowpox pus into an 8-year old boy, who did not later develop smallpox, demonstrating that exposure to cowpox provided immunity. This was the world's first vaccine developed by Jenner, establishing the principles of vaccination and immunization.
power point
Edward Jenner was an English physician born in 1749 who pioneered the world's first vaccine for smallpox. He observed that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox, a similar virus, did not later contract smallpox. In 1796, Jenner inoculated an eight-year-old boy with cowpox pus, later exposing him to smallpox with no illness resulting, demonstrating the first successful human vaccination providing immunity. Jenner is considered the father of immunology for his pioneering work in vaccination that has saved millions of lives.
Jigsaw how to
The document provides instructions for a jigsaw reading activity where students are divided into home groups and expert groups. Students are first placed into home groups, then find other students reading the same text to form expert groups, where they read and learn the material. They return to their home groups to teach their home group members about their text and answer any questions.
Jigsaw Reading- Intermediate
The document outlines 4 tasks: 1) Summarizer - summarize a reading in 5 sentences; 2) Questioner - design 5 questions about the reading for group discussion and answers; 3) Pattern Hunter - find and highlight grammar patterns from the unit in sentences from the reading; 4) Connector - write down 4 daily kindness acts to help make the world better.
Jigsaw Activities
The document discusses differentiated instruction through the use of learning centers in two primary classrooms. In Mrs. Walker's classroom, students work in language arts centers with teacher-assigned and student-selected options. Ms. Cunningham's centers draw on differentiated principles, with students assigned to centers based on readiness and working with customized materials at their level. Both teachers incorporate sharing and discussion of center work into classroom activities.
Recommended
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner was an English physician born in 1749 who discovered vaccination for smallpox. He observed that dairy workers who had previously contracted cowpox did not later get smallpox. In 1796, he took material from a cowpox blister and inoculated an 8-year old boy, later exposing him to smallpox with no illness resulting. Jenner published his findings in 1798. By 1800, over 100,000 people worldwide had been vaccinated. Jenner's discovery led to the eradication of smallpox and saved millions of lives. He received honors but died in 1823 before being elected to the College of Physicians.
The discovery of vaccination
1. In the late 18th century, smallpox killed about 10% of the population each year regardless of social class or religion.
2. Edward Jenner, a doctor working in a small village in England, noticed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not later get smallpox.
3. Jenner conducted an experiment where he inoculated a boy with cowpox pus and later smallpox pus, finding that the boy did not contract smallpox. He had discovered vaccination and that exposure to cowpox provided protection against smallpox.
Jenner and disease
Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox provided protection against smallpox. In 1796, he conducted an experiment where he introduced cowpox into a child, who was later exposed to smallpox but did not become ill. Jenner had found that prior exposure to the mild cowpox virus conferred immunity to the more dangerous smallpox virus. This breakthrough led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and marked a major step forward in preventing infectious disease.
Smallpox vaccine
Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century while practicing medicine in Berkeley, England. He observed that milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox, a disease similar to smallpox, did not later contract smallpox. In 1796, Jenner conducted an experiment where he inserted cowpox pus into an 8-year old boy, who did not later develop smallpox, demonstrating that exposure to cowpox provided immunity. This was the world's first vaccine developed by Jenner, establishing the principles of vaccination and immunization.
power point
Edward Jenner was an English physician born in 1749 who pioneered the world's first vaccine for smallpox. He observed that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox, a similar virus, did not later contract smallpox. In 1796, Jenner inoculated an eight-year-old boy with cowpox pus, later exposing him to smallpox with no illness resulting, demonstrating the first successful human vaccination providing immunity. Jenner is considered the father of immunology for his pioneering work in vaccination that has saved millions of lives.
Jigsaw how to
The document provides instructions for a jigsaw reading activity where students are divided into home groups and expert groups. Students are first placed into home groups, then find other students reading the same text to form expert groups, where they read and learn the material. They return to their home groups to teach their home group members about their text and answer any questions.
Jigsaw Reading- Intermediate
The document outlines 4 tasks: 1) Summarizer - summarize a reading in 5 sentences; 2) Questioner - design 5 questions about the reading for group discussion and answers; 3) Pattern Hunter - find and highlight grammar patterns from the unit in sentences from the reading; 4) Connector - write down 4 daily kindness acts to help make the world better.
Jigsaw Activities
The document discusses differentiated instruction through the use of learning centers in two primary classrooms. In Mrs. Walker's classroom, students work in language arts centers with teacher-assigned and student-selected options. Ms. Cunningham's centers draw on differentiated principles, with students assigned to centers based on readiness and working with customized materials at their level. Both teachers incorporate sharing and discussion of center work into classroom activities.
CBI
This document provides instructions for a jigsaw reading activity where students are divided into groups. Each group member reads a different paragraph and then experts from each group discussing their paragraphs. Students then return to their original groups to teach their fellow members about their paragraph. The goal is for each student to learn all paragraphs through this expert sharing process.
Techniques of reading
This document discusses different reading techniques:
1) Skimming allows reading at a faster pace to get the general idea and find key details like names and dates. It is used to determine if an article is interesting for research.
2) Scanning involves quickly moving your eyes down a page to find specific words and phrases, such as looking up a word in a dictionary. It is used to determine if a resource answers questions.
3) Critical reading examines claims and arguments more deeply than face value through analysis of supporting points and potential counterarguments. It requires linking evidence to arguments, like in academic writing.
Promoting interaction through materials design
These slides are from a presentation I made at the JALT International Conference on Language Teaching and Learning 2011.
Four quadrants and jigsaw presentation
The document describes two reading strategies: Jigsaw and Four Quadrants. Jigsaw involves dividing a text into sections and assigning each section to a group to read and summarize. Groups then teach their section to a new group. This exposes students to all parts of the text through discussion. Four Quadrants has students fill out an organizer during and after reading to connect information to their own lives and assess understanding by asking questions. Both strategies actively engage students in the reading through discussion and application.
The Use of Modified Jigsaw Strategy to Improve the Students' Reading Comprehe...
A Classroom Action Research on Senior High School at SMAN 2 Malang by Abdul Hamid Aly (English Education of Teaching and Training Faculty) University of Islam Malang.
La 8 debate topics and groups
This document provides resources for four debate groups researching different topics. Group 1 will debate whether cellphones should be allowed in schools, and is provided two news articles discussing the issues. Group 2 will debate whether zoos do more harm than good, and is given three websites containing information for both sides of the argument. Group 3's topic is whether homework should be banned, and they are directed to two sites discussing research on the impacts of homework. Group 4 will debate whether television is a bad influence on children, and their resources include four websites examining the effects of television on child development from different perspectives.
Homework 1 powerpoint
Homework should not be compulsory in primary schools for three key reasons according to the document. First, homework cuts into children's play time with video games and consoles which can also benefit learning. Second, it prevents children from watching educational TV programs after school that can improve their brains. Third, homework does not allow time for children to go shopping for school supplies and books after school. The document argues other activities beyond homework can adequately stimulate children's brains.
The Homework Debate
The document discusses arguments for and against teachers giving homework. Key points include:
- Supporters argue homework fosters qualities like persistence and responsibility that help learning, and allows students to review material and practice skills. It also informs parents of classroom content.
- Critics argue homework can strain families, impede social/creative activities, and cause frustration if students don't understand concepts. It may also be completed by others instead of students. There is also debate around the empirical evidence that homework improves academic performance.
- The document outlines a teacher's homework policy including assigning amounts of homework based on grade level multiplied by 10 minutes, requiring signed agendas, and available homework help resources.
Homework argument.ppt 2
1) The document argues that homework should not be compulsory in primary school for three reasons: it tears apart students' social lives and prevents physical activity; it is sometimes completed by parents when it gets too hard for students; and it wastes paper and ink which hurts the environment.
2) Specifically, the document states that homework takes away time for students to spend with friends and do sports, which is important for their personal growth and fitness. When homework becomes too difficult, parents may end up completing it for students, misleading teachers.
3) Additionally, the document notes that homework results in large amounts of wasted paper and ink. For these reasons, the document believes homework should not be mandatory for primary school students.
Sub-skills of Reading
The document outlines several benefits of developing reading sub-skills: 1) It helps readers associate sounds with symbols, recognize words, and become independent readers able to use references. 2) It allows readers to develop responses to texts and read with adequate understanding without rushing. 3) Developing strategies like skimming and scanning helps readers read silently and at appropriate speeds for different materials. Mastering these sub-skills prepares readers for professional and personal success.
Reading techniques
The document discusses different types of reading and strategies for effective reading. It outlines various reading techniques including reading for enjoyment, overview reading, revision reading, search reading, and critical reading. It also describes the SQ3R method which involves surveying material, generating questions, reading actively, recalling information, and reviewing content. Flexibility in reading approach and adapting speed based on material is emphasized. Developing efficient reading skills is important for university students with limited time.
Homework
The student makes various excuses for not having their homework completed, blaming things like their dog eating it, looking at the wrong week, a spilled drink ruining it, and not having their sheet. They claim their homework is on the dining room table and plead with the teacher that they aren't lying. While some excuses involve family members or relatives interfering, eventually one student simply admits they forgot without making an excuse.
ICT - Based Instructional Media For Reading Skill
The document summarizes the development of an educational media project to teach reading to first grade high school students in Indonesia using the jigsaw technique. It includes:
1. The steps taken to create the Microsoft PowerPoint-based media with a game concept including jigsaw puzzles and multiple choice exercises.
2. A literature review defining reading and describing techniques like jigsaw that were used.
3. The results of a mini research project showing the media improved students' reading abilities.
4. Analysis of questionnaire results finding 81.25% of students felt the media improved their reading.
Homework2010
This document provides guidance and strategies for making homework meaningful and effective. It suggests developing a growth mindset in students by praising effort rather than innate ability. Homework should strengthen skills, allow independent learning, and extend classroom knowledge. Teachers should give relevant assignments and clarify expectations. Parents are encouraged to create a distraction-free study space and communicate with teachers about struggles. Alternatives to homework like logs and intervention programs provide support. The purpose of resources like homework club is to help students who need structure and assistance to complete assignments successfully.
Reading techniques
This document discusses various reading techniques: skimming to get an overview of a text, scanning to locate specific information, and detailed reading to understand instructions or other texts. It also discusses intensive reading, where the reader analyzes vocabulary, grammar and rhetorical devices, and extensive reading, which involves reading larger volumes to improve reading ability and enjoyment. The goal is to provide an overview of strategies for effective reading.
Jigsaw Cooperative Learning
I created this presentation on the Jigsaw cooperative learning strategy during my studies at Shenandoah University.
The role of homework in education
- The document discusses findings from surveys of parents, students, and teachers on their perceptions of homework. The majority of parents and students felt students spend too much time (over an hour per night) on homework. However, many teachers felt homework should be assigned every night, taking 20 minutes or less.
- The document raises questions about the real aims of homework, common misuses like busy work, and the impacts of excessive homework on family relationships and student stress levels. It considers whether homework policies need reforming to reduce stress and promote balanced lifestyles for students.
Benefit of Homework
This presentation discusses the benefits of homework for students, parents, and teachers. It notes that homework teaches students time management, problem solving, and how to review class material and set priorities. For parents, homework allows them to see what their children are learning, review school materials, and connect with their children. For teachers, homework provides feedback on how well students understand topics and assesses students outside the classroom.
Reading Skill
There are 4 main reading skills that help one become a competent reader: word attack, comprehension, fluency, and critical reading. Word attack involves understanding words and punctuation. Comprehension requires using context clues to predict meanings. Fluency is seeing phrases as wholes. Critical reading means analyzing and evaluating a text to understand the intended message without missing details. Mastering these skills allows readers to scan for information, survey a text's layout, use titles to form questions, and skim using introductions, conclusions, and section headings.
Physicians that changed our world
The document summarizes the contributions of several physicians who helped advance medicine and public health:
- Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 which was pivotal in eradicating the disease.
- Ignaz Semmelweis discovered in 1847 that handwashing reduced maternal mortality from puerperal fever in hospitals.
- John Snow conclusively linked a cholera outbreak in 1854 to a contaminated water pump, helping establish germ theory and epidemiology.
- Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic surgery in 1867, reducing surgical infections through carbolic acid and dressings.
- Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 after noticing bacteria-killing mould in his lab, though it
Alexander Fleming
1) Alexander Fleming was born on a farm in Scotland and had a difficult childhood, walking long distances to basic schools.
2) As an adult, he became a bacteriologist and discovered penicillin by accident in 1928 after noticing a mold that destroyed bacteria cultures.
3) He was unable to extract penicillin successfully but scientists Howard Florey and Ernst Chain were later able to produce a usable form of penicillin, realizing Fleming's discovery.
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CBI
This document provides instructions for a jigsaw reading activity where students are divided into groups. Each group member reads a different paragraph and then experts from each group discussing their paragraphs. Students then return to their original groups to teach their fellow members about their paragraph. The goal is for each student to learn all paragraphs through this expert sharing process.
Techniques of reading
This document discusses different reading techniques:
1) Skimming allows reading at a faster pace to get the general idea and find key details like names and dates. It is used to determine if an article is interesting for research.
2) Scanning involves quickly moving your eyes down a page to find specific words and phrases, such as looking up a word in a dictionary. It is used to determine if a resource answers questions.
3) Critical reading examines claims and arguments more deeply than face value through analysis of supporting points and potential counterarguments. It requires linking evidence to arguments, like in academic writing.
Promoting interaction through materials design
These slides are from a presentation I made at the JALT International Conference on Language Teaching and Learning 2011.
Four quadrants and jigsaw presentation
The document describes two reading strategies: Jigsaw and Four Quadrants. Jigsaw involves dividing a text into sections and assigning each section to a group to read and summarize. Groups then teach their section to a new group. This exposes students to all parts of the text through discussion. Four Quadrants has students fill out an organizer during and after reading to connect information to their own lives and assess understanding by asking questions. Both strategies actively engage students in the reading through discussion and application.
The Use of Modified Jigsaw Strategy to Improve the Students' Reading Comprehe...
A Classroom Action Research on Senior High School at SMAN 2 Malang by Abdul Hamid Aly (English Education of Teaching and Training Faculty) University of Islam Malang.
La 8 debate topics and groups
This document provides resources for four debate groups researching different topics. Group 1 will debate whether cellphones should be allowed in schools, and is provided two news articles discussing the issues. Group 2 will debate whether zoos do more harm than good, and is given three websites containing information for both sides of the argument. Group 3's topic is whether homework should be banned, and they are directed to two sites discussing research on the impacts of homework. Group 4 will debate whether television is a bad influence on children, and their resources include four websites examining the effects of television on child development from different perspectives.
Homework 1 powerpoint
Homework should not be compulsory in primary schools for three key reasons according to the document. First, homework cuts into children's play time with video games and consoles which can also benefit learning. Second, it prevents children from watching educational TV programs after school that can improve their brains. Third, homework does not allow time for children to go shopping for school supplies and books after school. The document argues other activities beyond homework can adequately stimulate children's brains.
The Homework Debate
The document discusses arguments for and against teachers giving homework. Key points include:
- Supporters argue homework fosters qualities like persistence and responsibility that help learning, and allows students to review material and practice skills. It also informs parents of classroom content.
- Critics argue homework can strain families, impede social/creative activities, and cause frustration if students don't understand concepts. It may also be completed by others instead of students. There is also debate around the empirical evidence that homework improves academic performance.
- The document outlines a teacher's homework policy including assigning amounts of homework based on grade level multiplied by 10 minutes, requiring signed agendas, and available homework help resources.
Homework argument.ppt 2
1) The document argues that homework should not be compulsory in primary school for three reasons: it tears apart students' social lives and prevents physical activity; it is sometimes completed by parents when it gets too hard for students; and it wastes paper and ink which hurts the environment.
2) Specifically, the document states that homework takes away time for students to spend with friends and do sports, which is important for their personal growth and fitness. When homework becomes too difficult, parents may end up completing it for students, misleading teachers.
3) Additionally, the document notes that homework results in large amounts of wasted paper and ink. For these reasons, the document believes homework should not be mandatory for primary school students.
Sub-skills of Reading
The document outlines several benefits of developing reading sub-skills: 1) It helps readers associate sounds with symbols, recognize words, and become independent readers able to use references. 2) It allows readers to develop responses to texts and read with adequate understanding without rushing. 3) Developing strategies like skimming and scanning helps readers read silently and at appropriate speeds for different materials. Mastering these sub-skills prepares readers for professional and personal success.
Reading techniques
The document discusses different types of reading and strategies for effective reading. It outlines various reading techniques including reading for enjoyment, overview reading, revision reading, search reading, and critical reading. It also describes the SQ3R method which involves surveying material, generating questions, reading actively, recalling information, and reviewing content. Flexibility in reading approach and adapting speed based on material is emphasized. Developing efficient reading skills is important for university students with limited time.
Homework
The student makes various excuses for not having their homework completed, blaming things like their dog eating it, looking at the wrong week, a spilled drink ruining it, and not having their sheet. They claim their homework is on the dining room table and plead with the teacher that they aren't lying. While some excuses involve family members or relatives interfering, eventually one student simply admits they forgot without making an excuse.
ICT - Based Instructional Media For Reading Skill
The document summarizes the development of an educational media project to teach reading to first grade high school students in Indonesia using the jigsaw technique. It includes:
1. The steps taken to create the Microsoft PowerPoint-based media with a game concept including jigsaw puzzles and multiple choice exercises.
2. A literature review defining reading and describing techniques like jigsaw that were used.
3. The results of a mini research project showing the media improved students' reading abilities.
4. Analysis of questionnaire results finding 81.25% of students felt the media improved their reading.
Homework2010
This document provides guidance and strategies for making homework meaningful and effective. It suggests developing a growth mindset in students by praising effort rather than innate ability. Homework should strengthen skills, allow independent learning, and extend classroom knowledge. Teachers should give relevant assignments and clarify expectations. Parents are encouraged to create a distraction-free study space and communicate with teachers about struggles. Alternatives to homework like logs and intervention programs provide support. The purpose of resources like homework club is to help students who need structure and assistance to complete assignments successfully.
Reading techniques
This document discusses various reading techniques: skimming to get an overview of a text, scanning to locate specific information, and detailed reading to understand instructions or other texts. It also discusses intensive reading, where the reader analyzes vocabulary, grammar and rhetorical devices, and extensive reading, which involves reading larger volumes to improve reading ability and enjoyment. The goal is to provide an overview of strategies for effective reading.
Jigsaw Cooperative Learning
I created this presentation on the Jigsaw cooperative learning strategy during my studies at Shenandoah University.
The role of homework in education
- The document discusses findings from surveys of parents, students, and teachers on their perceptions of homework. The majority of parents and students felt students spend too much time (over an hour per night) on homework. However, many teachers felt homework should be assigned every night, taking 20 minutes or less.
- The document raises questions about the real aims of homework, common misuses like busy work, and the impacts of excessive homework on family relationships and student stress levels. It considers whether homework policies need reforming to reduce stress and promote balanced lifestyles for students.
Benefit of Homework
This presentation discusses the benefits of homework for students, parents, and teachers. It notes that homework teaches students time management, problem solving, and how to review class material and set priorities. For parents, homework allows them to see what their children are learning, review school materials, and connect with their children. For teachers, homework provides feedback on how well students understand topics and assesses students outside the classroom.
Reading Skill
There are 4 main reading skills that help one become a competent reader: word attack, comprehension, fluency, and critical reading. Word attack involves understanding words and punctuation. Comprehension requires using context clues to predict meanings. Fluency is seeing phrases as wholes. Critical reading means analyzing and evaluating a text to understand the intended message without missing details. Mastering these skills allows readers to scan for information, survey a text's layout, use titles to form questions, and skim using introductions, conclusions, and section headings.
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The Use of Modified Jigsaw Strategy to Improve the Students' Reading Comprehe...
The Use of Modified Jigsaw Strategy to Improve the Students' Reading Comprehe...
Similar to Jigsaw reading
Physicians that changed our world
The document summarizes the contributions of several physicians who helped advance medicine and public health:
- Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 which was pivotal in eradicating the disease.
- Ignaz Semmelweis discovered in 1847 that handwashing reduced maternal mortality from puerperal fever in hospitals.
- John Snow conclusively linked a cholera outbreak in 1854 to a contaminated water pump, helping establish germ theory and epidemiology.
- Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic surgery in 1867, reducing surgical infections through carbolic acid and dressings.
- Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 after noticing bacteria-killing mould in his lab, though it
Alexander Fleming
1) Alexander Fleming was born on a farm in Scotland and had a difficult childhood, walking long distances to basic schools.
2) As an adult, he became a bacteriologist and discovered penicillin by accident in 1928 after noticing a mold that destroyed bacteria cultures.
3) He was unable to extract penicillin successfully but scientists Howard Florey and Ernst Chain were later able to produce a usable form of penicillin, realizing Fleming's discovery.
Pptinglese
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while studying influenza at St. Mary's Hospital in London. He noticed that a mold had developed on a culture of staphylococci bacteria plates and created a bacteria-free circle around itself. Fleming experimented further and named the active substance penicillin. This discovery of antibiotics in mold led to the development of modern antibiotics and significantly increased lifespans in the 20th century. Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Florey and Chain for his role in the discovery of penicillin.
Pptinglese
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while studying influenza at St. Mary's Hospital in London. He noticed that a mold had developed on a culture of staphylococci bacteria plates and had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. Upon further experimentation, Fleming named the active substance penicillin. This discovery of penicillin led to the development of modern antibiotics. In 1945, Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine with Florey and Chain for their work in developing penicillin.
CfE2-S-74-Alexander-Fleming-PowerPoint-English_ver_2.ppt
Alexander Fleming was born in 1881 in Ayrshire, Scotland. He became interested in bacteria and studied medicine, focusing his later work on microbes. In 1928, while on holiday, Fleming discovered that a mold that had grown in one of his petri dishes had killed the bacteria, revealing the antibacterial agent penicillin. This discovery led to the development of antibiotics which have saved millions of lives by treating bacterial infections. Fleming was knighted for his work and received the Nobel Prize in 1945.
Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming was a Scottish bacteriologist best known for discovering penicillin in 1928. While studying Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Fleming noticed the presence of a mold called Penicillium that was inhibiting the bacteria's growth. He realized the mold was secreting an enzyme with antibacterial properties. Although Fleming was unable to purify and stabilize penicillin, his discovery laid the groundwork for later scientists to develop it into the first widely used antibiotic. Fleming shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain for their work developing penicillin.
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist who accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928. While searching for antibacterial agents after World War I, Fleming noticed that a fungus in one of his staphylococci cultures had destroyed the surrounding bacteria. He identified the fungus as Penicillium and the substance it produced as penicillin. Although Fleming struggled to develop penicillin further, his discovery later helped scientists Howard Florey and Ernst Chain purify and mass produce penicillin during World War II, saving countless lives. Fleming received widespread recognition for his discovery, including the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Alexander fleming
Alexander Fleming was a Scottish microbiologist who worked at St. Mary's Hospital in London. During his work there researching vaccines and treatments for infections, he accidentally discovered that mold in one of his culture dishes had lysed and killed some of the surrounding bacteria. Upon further investigation, he discovered the mold was Penicillium notatum and was producing penicillin, which had antibacterial effects. This accidental finding of penicillin's ability to kill pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus was a seminal discovery, though it was initially underestimated. Fleming went on to publish his discovery of penicillin's antibacterial properties in 1929.
Discovery of Penicillin
This presentation highlights on an important discovery i.e. Penicillin antibiotics by Sir Alexander Fleming.
THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILIN.docx
In 1928, Dr. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident while studying bacteria in his office. He noticed a mold growing in some bottles that was killing the bacteria. Inspired by this, he prepared medicine from the mold and cured a sick little girl patient who had the same bacteria. He named the new medicine penicillin, which doctors now use worldwide to treat many diseases, helping millions of people.
Sir alexander fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist who made two major discoveries: the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928. His discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by enabling the effective treatment of many bacterial infections that were previously fatal. The development of penicillin also spurred further research that led to new classes of antibiotics. It completely changed outcomes for illnesses like pneumonia and bacterial endocarditis.
Typhoid Mary.pptx
Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, was the first asymptomatic carrier of Salmonella typhi identified in the United States. As a cook in New York in the early 1900s, she unknowingly caused several typhoid outbreaks that infected at least 51 people and killed three. She was detained for three years on North Brother Island before being released under the condition that she not work as a cook. However, she went on to cause more outbreaks and was quarantined for the rest of her life, dying in 1938 while still carrying the bacteria. Typhoid Mary brought attention to the risks posed by asymptomatic carriers and the need for hand washing to prevent disease transmission.
Florey brochure
Lord Howard Florey was a scientist who played a key role in developing penicillin. While Fleming discovered penicillin, Florey and his team were able to extract and purify it, proving its effectiveness. Their work showed penicillin was not toxic and could successfully treat bacterial infections. The development of penicillin relied on a series of fortunate events and circumstances, as well as Florey's resourcefulness in securing funding and collaborating with experts from various fields. This allowed penicillin to be mass produced, saving millions of lives during World War 2.
Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928 while studying antibacterial agents. He found that mold was preventing bacteria from growing on one of his culture plates. Upon further study, he determined the mold was penicillium notatum and had antibacterial properties. This discovery of penicillin proved to be life-saving for many patients.
Ppt alexander fleming
Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881 and studied bacteriology, graduating from medical school in 1906. During World War I he observed that soldiers infected with mold were surviving infections that killed others. In 1927, he discovered penicillin after observing that a mold in his laboratory killed staphylococci bacteria. Although he published his findings in 1929, penicillin was not purified and developed into a widely used antibiotic until Howard Florey and Ernst Chain's work during World War II. Fleming received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 along with Florey and Chain for discovering penicillin.
Alexander Fleming Scrapbook: By Brent Christy
Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928. While showing a friend some experiments, Fleming noticed mold growing on one of his culture plates except for an area around a contaminant. He studied this further and found that the mold, penicillium notatum, was preventing the growth of bacteria. This discovery of penicillin's antibacterial properties revolutionized medicine and saved countless lives.
Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming made an accidental discovery that changed medicine. While studying Staphylococcus bacteria under his microscope, he noticed that a blue-green mold that had contaminated one of his culture plates seemed to prevent the bacteria from growing around it. The mold was penicillin, which Fleming realized had antibacterial properties. He spent years after his initial discovery isolating and studying penicillin. His work led to the development of penicillin as the first widely used antibiotic, saving millions of lives by treating bacterial infections.
Pharma ppt
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 almost by accident. Upon returning from vacation, Fleming noticed a mold growing in one of his culture plates that contained staphylococci bacteria. He observed a clear zone around the mold where no bacteria was growing, indicating that the mold was secreting a substance that was killing the bacteria. The mold was later identified as penicillium mold. This was a seminal discovery as it showed that microbes could be used to kill other microbes. However, it took over a decade for penicillin to be mass produced and used widely to treat bacterial infections during World War II, saving many lives. While penicillin revolutionized medicine, drug resistance has since emerged as a major challenge.
Alexander fleming
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Jigsaw reading
- 8. Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1995) Alexander Fleming was a British bacteriologist and Nobel laureate. He is known for his discovery of the antibiotic, penicillin. He was born near Darvel, Scotland, and educated at Saint Mary's Hospital Medical School of the University of London. He served as professor of bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School from 1928 to 1948. His discovery of penicillin came about accidentally. He observed that the mold in one of his culture plates had destroyed the bacteria. It was a warm September day in 1928. Alexander Fleming was working with bacterial cultures in a London hospital. He left the windows of the lab open. After studying some laboratory plates of staphylococci bacteria, he accidentally left a plate by the open window and forgot about it. A few days went by. He returned and found that the plate by the window was contaminated. .
- 9. Was his experiment ruined? Fleming didn’t throw the plate away. He re-examined it under a microscope and found mold growing on the staphylococci. He noticed a clear zone that existed all around the mold. The mold was killing the deadly bacteria. Penicillin was the mold that killed bacteria. It was Alexander Flemingʼs mistake that gave the world penicillin. This is now considered one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. Fleming received the Nobel Prize in 1945, and millions of people worldwide have survived disease because of his discovery. This observation helped him develop penicillin therapy. Penicillin is an antibiotic derived from the fungus Penicillium. It can also be created by using artificial processes.
- 10. Typhoid Mary Mary Mallon emigrated from Ireland to America at the age of 15. When she arrived she became a servant, and soon discovered a talent for cooking. Since the cook in households earned a higher salary, she was happy to change from a simple servant to this role. She worked in 8 households from 1900-1907 as the cook, leaving a trail of 51 people seriously ill with typhoid, one of whom, a small girl, died of the disease.
- 11. When she was eventually identified as the cause of the many illnesses, authorities at first tried to persuade her to volunteer samples of her faeces, blood and urine to be tested. She refused, although she did admit that she seldom washed her hands when working with food. She didn't think it was necessary. Eventually, after putting up a tremendous fight, she was taken with the help of 5 policemen, to the nearby hospital where the samples were removed. These proved that she was in fact infected with typhoid although she was not sick at all. The authorities sent her to a small island near the city where she was kept away from others for fear of infecting them too. Apart from a short 'parole period', she remained on this island, in full health, until her death.
- 12. WHEN EXPLAINING… Starting point: My text talks about… My part deals with… My text is about… Linking ideas: Besides,… Moreover,…On one hand / on the other hand,… In addition,… Concluding: Therefore,… Thus,… It is in connection with… In conclusion,… Finally,… Language support
- 13. WHEN INTERACTING… Sorry, I don’t understand you. / Sorry, I don’t get it. / Sorry, I’m lost. Can you repeat, please? What do you think? / What is your point of view? I absolutely agree with you. / I totally agree. I don’t agree at all. / I totally disagree. I would like to add that… / I would like to mention that…