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Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century while practicing medicine in Berkeley, England. He observed that milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox, a disease similar to smallpox, did not later contract smallpox. In 1796, Jenner conducted an experiment where he inserted cowpox pus into an 8-year old boy, who did not later develop smallpox, demonstrating that exposure to cowpox provided immunity. This was the world's first vaccine developed by Jenner, establishing the principles of vaccination and immunization.



