This document provides an overview of Java I/O streams. It discusses the stream class hierarchy with abstract classes like InputStream, OutputStream, Reader and Writer at the top. It describes different types of streams like byte streams, character streams, buffered streams, and standard I/O streams. It provides examples of reading and writing files using FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader and FileWriter. It also discusses data streams for binary I/O of primitive data types.
Java streams provide a fundamental abstraction for flowing data. Streams allow filtering and formatting of primitive types, strings, and bytes. Common stream wrappers include data streams for primitive types/strings, buffered streams to optimize communication with a buffer, and print readers/writers for formatting strings and byte conversion. Streams are also used for inter-system communication through sockets and socket connections in distributed systems.
This document discusses Java I/O streams. It defines streams as representing input sources or output destinations that can represent files, devices, programs, sockets or memory arrays. Streams support different data types like bytes, primitive types, characters or objects. The document outlines the stream class hierarchy with abstract classes like InputStream, OutputStream, Reader and Writer. It describes node streams that interface directly with a source/destination and filter streams that add functionality. Examples of byte and character streams like FileInputStream and FileReader are provided.
The document discusses input/output streams in Java. There are two types of streams: byte streams and character streams. Byte streams handle input and output of bytes for binary files, while character streams handle input and output of characters for text files. Java also defines three standard streams for input, output, and errors that are represented by System.in, System.out, and System.err respectively. The document provides examples of different stream types and how they are used for input and output in Java programs.
This document provides an overview of input/output (I/O) streams in Java, including character streams, byte streams, file streams, pipe streams, filter streams, object serialization, and random access files. It also discusses the standard input, output, and error streams in Java and how to read from and write to these streams.
The Java I/O package supports Java's basic input/output system for accessing external data from sources like files and networks. It defines streams as logical entities that produce or consume information, with byte streams for binary data and character streams for Unicode text. Streams are linked to physical devices and behave consistently across different types of devices. The package defines hierarchies of input and output stream classes, with abstract base classes like InputStream/OutputStream for bytes and Reader/Writer for characters.
The document discusses Java input/output (I/O) streams. It covers byte streams like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for reading and writing bytes. It also covers character streams like FileReader and FileWriter for reading and writing characters. Filtered streams like BufferedInputStream are discussed which add functionality to underlying streams. The document also covers random access files and the File class.
This document discusses Java I/O and streams. It begins by introducing files and the File class, which provides methods for obtaining file properties and manipulating files. It then discusses reading and writing files using byte streams like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream. Character streams like PrintWriter and BufferedReader are presented for console I/O. Other stream classes covered include buffered streams, object streams for serialization, and data streams for primitive types. The key methods of various stream classes are listed.
The document discusses Java I/O and provides an overview of key concepts like streams, readers/writers, files, serialization, and tokenization. It describes the different types of input/output streams, readers, and writers in Java and best practices for working with them. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading from and writing to files, streams, and using serialization and tokenization.
Java streams provide a fundamental abstraction for flowing data. Streams allow filtering and formatting of primitive types, strings, and bytes. Common stream wrappers include data streams for primitive types/strings, buffered streams to optimize communication with a buffer, and print readers/writers for formatting strings and byte conversion. Streams are also used for inter-system communication through sockets and socket connections in distributed systems.
This document discusses Java I/O streams. It defines streams as representing input sources or output destinations that can represent files, devices, programs, sockets or memory arrays. Streams support different data types like bytes, primitive types, characters or objects. The document outlines the stream class hierarchy with abstract classes like InputStream, OutputStream, Reader and Writer. It describes node streams that interface directly with a source/destination and filter streams that add functionality. Examples of byte and character streams like FileInputStream and FileReader are provided.
The document discusses input/output streams in Java. There are two types of streams: byte streams and character streams. Byte streams handle input and output of bytes for binary files, while character streams handle input and output of characters for text files. Java also defines three standard streams for input, output, and errors that are represented by System.in, System.out, and System.err respectively. The document provides examples of different stream types and how they are used for input and output in Java programs.
This document provides an overview of input/output (I/O) streams in Java, including character streams, byte streams, file streams, pipe streams, filter streams, object serialization, and random access files. It also discusses the standard input, output, and error streams in Java and how to read from and write to these streams.
The Java I/O package supports Java's basic input/output system for accessing external data from sources like files and networks. It defines streams as logical entities that produce or consume information, with byte streams for binary data and character streams for Unicode text. Streams are linked to physical devices and behave consistently across different types of devices. The package defines hierarchies of input and output stream classes, with abstract base classes like InputStream/OutputStream for bytes and Reader/Writer for characters.
The document discusses Java input/output (I/O) streams. It covers byte streams like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for reading and writing bytes. It also covers character streams like FileReader and FileWriter for reading and writing characters. Filtered streams like BufferedInputStream are discussed which add functionality to underlying streams. The document also covers random access files and the File class.
This document discusses Java I/O and streams. It begins by introducing files and the File class, which provides methods for obtaining file properties and manipulating files. It then discusses reading and writing files using byte streams like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream. Character streams like PrintWriter and BufferedReader are presented for console I/O. Other stream classes covered include buffered streams, object streams for serialization, and data streams for primitive types. The key methods of various stream classes are listed.
The document discusses Java I/O and provides an overview of key concepts like streams, readers/writers, files, serialization, and tokenization. It describes the different types of input/output streams, readers, and writers in Java and best practices for working with them. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading from and writing to files, streams, and using serialization and tokenization.
Java uses streams to handle input/output operations. Streams provide a standardized way to read from and write to various sources and sinks like files, networks, and buffers. There are byte streams that handle input/output of bytes and character streams that handle characters. Common stream classes include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, BufferedReader, and BufferedWriter which are used to read from and write to files and console. Streams can be chained together for complex I/O processing.
The document discusses various input and output stream classes in Java. It defines streams as an abstraction that produces or consumes information linked to an I/O device. There are two types of streams - byte streams that handle binary data using classes like InputStream and OutputStream, and character streams that handle text using classes like Reader and Writer. The Java I/O package defines hierarchies for these stream classes, with subclasses that handle specific I/O devices or add functionality like buffering or filtering.
The document discusses different types of streams in Java including file, byte, character, and standard streams. File streams allow reading and writing of files and include classes like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for bytes and FileReader and FileWriter for characters. Byte streams handle 8-bit bytes while character streams handle 16-bit Unicode. Standard streams in Java are System.in for input, System.out for standard output, and System.err for errors. Sample code is provided to write to and read from files.
The document discusses Java streams and I/O. It defines streams as abstract representations of input/output devices that are sources or destinations of data. It describes byte and character streams, the core stream classes in java.io, predefined System streams, common stream subclasses, reading/writing files and binary data with byte streams, and reading/writing characters with character streams. It also covers object serialization/deserialization and compressing files with GZIP.
The document discusses various Java I/O streams including input streams, output streams, byte streams, character streams, buffered streams, properties class, print stream, file locking, serialization and print writer class. It provides examples of reading and writing files using FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, FileWriter and other stream classes. Methods of different stream classes are also explained along with their usage.
The document discusses various character stream classes in Java. CharacterArrayReader is used to read an array of characters from a memory buffer. CharArrayWriter is used for writing an array of characters to a memory buffer. BufferedReader improves performance by buffering input, while BufferedWriter ensures data buffers are physically written to the output stream. Examples are provided to demonstrate using these classes.
The document discusses files, streams, and different classes in Java for reading and writing files and streams. It explains that files exist on a local file system while streams represent a flow of characters. It also discusses the process of opening, reading from, and closing files, as well as using classes like FileReader, FileWriter, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for reading/writing characters and bytes. It recommends using BufferedReader and BufferedWriter for more efficient reading of lines and writing of strings.
Object-oriented programming Undergraduate Course Presentations
java.io streams and files in Java
University of Vale do Itajaí
Univali
Incremental Tecnologia
English version
Streams are used to transfer data between a program and source/destination. They transfer data independently of the source/destination. Streams are classified as input or output streams depending on the direction of data transfer, and as byte or character streams depending on how the data is carried. Common stream classes in Java include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, and FileWriter for reading from and writing to files. Exceptions like FileNotFoundException may occur if a file cannot be opened.
The document discusses byte stream classes in Java. There are two types of byte streams: InputStream and OutputStream. InputStream provides methods for reading bytes of data sequentially. FileInputStream and FileOutputStream are subclasses that allow reading and writing bytes from/to files. FileInputStream can be constructed using a file path or File object and overrides InputStream methods like read() to access file bytes.
The document discusses input and output in Java using the java.io package. It provides examples of reading keyboard input using BufferedReader and reading file input using FileReader. It also provides examples of writing console output using System.out and writing to files using PrintWriter. The document explains that java.io streams provide independence from the source or destination of the input/output.
The document discusses techniques, challenges, and best practices for handling input/output (I/O) operations in Java. It covers the different types of I/O, how Java supports I/O through streams and readers/writers, issues with streams, alternatives like NIO that support non-blocking I/O using buffers and channels, and "Hiranya's Laws" with guidelines for proper I/O handling.
The document discusses reading and writing files in Python. It explains that files allow data to be persisted beyond a program's execution and are used to store data on storage devices like hard disks. The main steps for reading and writing files are to open the file, use it (read from or write to it), and close the file. It also provides examples of opening file streams in read and write modes, and using methods like read(), readline(), and write() to interact with files.
This document provides an overview of Java I/O including different types of I/O, how Java supports I/O through streams and classes like File, serialization, compression, Console, and Properties. It discusses byte and character streams, buffered streams, reading/writing files, and preferences. Key points are that Java I/O uses streams as an abstraction, byte streams operate on bytes while character streams use characters, and buffered streams improve efficiency by buffering reads/writes.
The document discusses character stream classes in Java. Character streams handle data in a human-readable character form, as opposed to byte streams which handle binary data. The main character stream classes are Reader and Writer, which are abstract classes. FileReader and FileWriter are concrete subclasses that allow reading from and writing to files.
In Java, Input and Output (I/O) are used to process the input and produce the output.
This means an input stream can abstract many different input kinds: from a disk file, a keyboard, or a network socket. Likewise, an output stream may refer to the console, a disk file, or a network connection.
This document provides an overview of input and output (I/O) in Java, including reading and writing local files. It discusses Java streams for reading input and writing output, and the classes for character-based and byte-based streams. The document outlines connecting to files, reading and writing characters and objects to files, and file management tasks like creating directories and deleting files.
This document discusses Java I/O streams. It defines streams as representing input sources or output destinations that can represent files, devices, programs, sockets or memory arrays. Streams support different data types like bytes, primitive types, characters or objects. The document outlines the stream class hierarchy with abstract classes like InputStream, OutputStream, Reader and Writer. It describes node streams that interact with specific locations and filter streams that process or alter data. Examples of byte streams like FileInputStream and character streams like FileReader are provided.
This document provides an overview of input/output (I/O) and threading concepts covered in Module 4 of the OODP syllabus. It discusses Java stream classes for byte and character I/O, including reading console input and working with files. It also covers the thread model in Java and using the Thread class and Runnable interface. The summary discusses I/O basics like input/output sources and destinations, and how Java represents data flows using streams. It also provides examples of using byte streams like DataInputStream and character streams like BufferedReader to perform I/O operations in Java programs.
The document discusses several key topics related to input/output (I/O) and applets in Java:
- I/O in Java is performed through streams which can be byte-based or character-based and linked to physical devices. The predefined streams System.in, System.out, and System.err are introduced.
- Reading input and writing output involves classes like BufferedReader, PrintWriter, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream.
- Applets are small Java programs that can be run in a web browser. Every applet must extend the Applet class and override the paint() method to display its graphical user interface.
Java uses streams to handle input/output operations. Streams provide a standardized way to read from and write to various sources and sinks like files, networks, and buffers. There are byte streams that handle input/output of bytes and character streams that handle characters. Common stream classes include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, BufferedReader, and BufferedWriter which are used to read from and write to files and console. Streams can be chained together for complex I/O processing.
The document discusses various input and output stream classes in Java. It defines streams as an abstraction that produces or consumes information linked to an I/O device. There are two types of streams - byte streams that handle binary data using classes like InputStream and OutputStream, and character streams that handle text using classes like Reader and Writer. The Java I/O package defines hierarchies for these stream classes, with subclasses that handle specific I/O devices or add functionality like buffering or filtering.
The document discusses different types of streams in Java including file, byte, character, and standard streams. File streams allow reading and writing of files and include classes like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for bytes and FileReader and FileWriter for characters. Byte streams handle 8-bit bytes while character streams handle 16-bit Unicode. Standard streams in Java are System.in for input, System.out for standard output, and System.err for errors. Sample code is provided to write to and read from files.
The document discusses Java streams and I/O. It defines streams as abstract representations of input/output devices that are sources or destinations of data. It describes byte and character streams, the core stream classes in java.io, predefined System streams, common stream subclasses, reading/writing files and binary data with byte streams, and reading/writing characters with character streams. It also covers object serialization/deserialization and compressing files with GZIP.
The document discusses various Java I/O streams including input streams, output streams, byte streams, character streams, buffered streams, properties class, print stream, file locking, serialization and print writer class. It provides examples of reading and writing files using FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, FileWriter and other stream classes. Methods of different stream classes are also explained along with their usage.
The document discusses various character stream classes in Java. CharacterArrayReader is used to read an array of characters from a memory buffer. CharArrayWriter is used for writing an array of characters to a memory buffer. BufferedReader improves performance by buffering input, while BufferedWriter ensures data buffers are physically written to the output stream. Examples are provided to demonstrate using these classes.
The document discusses files, streams, and different classes in Java for reading and writing files and streams. It explains that files exist on a local file system while streams represent a flow of characters. It also discusses the process of opening, reading from, and closing files, as well as using classes like FileReader, FileWriter, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for reading/writing characters and bytes. It recommends using BufferedReader and BufferedWriter for more efficient reading of lines and writing of strings.
Object-oriented programming Undergraduate Course Presentations
java.io streams and files in Java
University of Vale do Itajaí
Univali
Incremental Tecnologia
English version
Streams are used to transfer data between a program and source/destination. They transfer data independently of the source/destination. Streams are classified as input or output streams depending on the direction of data transfer, and as byte or character streams depending on how the data is carried. Common stream classes in Java include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, and FileWriter for reading from and writing to files. Exceptions like FileNotFoundException may occur if a file cannot be opened.
The document discusses byte stream classes in Java. There are two types of byte streams: InputStream and OutputStream. InputStream provides methods for reading bytes of data sequentially. FileInputStream and FileOutputStream are subclasses that allow reading and writing bytes from/to files. FileInputStream can be constructed using a file path or File object and overrides InputStream methods like read() to access file bytes.
The document discusses input and output in Java using the java.io package. It provides examples of reading keyboard input using BufferedReader and reading file input using FileReader. It also provides examples of writing console output using System.out and writing to files using PrintWriter. The document explains that java.io streams provide independence from the source or destination of the input/output.
The document discusses techniques, challenges, and best practices for handling input/output (I/O) operations in Java. It covers the different types of I/O, how Java supports I/O through streams and readers/writers, issues with streams, alternatives like NIO that support non-blocking I/O using buffers and channels, and "Hiranya's Laws" with guidelines for proper I/O handling.
The document discusses reading and writing files in Python. It explains that files allow data to be persisted beyond a program's execution and are used to store data on storage devices like hard disks. The main steps for reading and writing files are to open the file, use it (read from or write to it), and close the file. It also provides examples of opening file streams in read and write modes, and using methods like read(), readline(), and write() to interact with files.
This document provides an overview of Java I/O including different types of I/O, how Java supports I/O through streams and classes like File, serialization, compression, Console, and Properties. It discusses byte and character streams, buffered streams, reading/writing files, and preferences. Key points are that Java I/O uses streams as an abstraction, byte streams operate on bytes while character streams use characters, and buffered streams improve efficiency by buffering reads/writes.
The document discusses character stream classes in Java. Character streams handle data in a human-readable character form, as opposed to byte streams which handle binary data. The main character stream classes are Reader and Writer, which are abstract classes. FileReader and FileWriter are concrete subclasses that allow reading from and writing to files.
In Java, Input and Output (I/O) are used to process the input and produce the output.
This means an input stream can abstract many different input kinds: from a disk file, a keyboard, or a network socket. Likewise, an output stream may refer to the console, a disk file, or a network connection.
This document provides an overview of input and output (I/O) in Java, including reading and writing local files. It discusses Java streams for reading input and writing output, and the classes for character-based and byte-based streams. The document outlines connecting to files, reading and writing characters and objects to files, and file management tasks like creating directories and deleting files.
This document discusses Java I/O streams. It defines streams as representing input sources or output destinations that can represent files, devices, programs, sockets or memory arrays. Streams support different data types like bytes, primitive types, characters or objects. The document outlines the stream class hierarchy with abstract classes like InputStream, OutputStream, Reader and Writer. It describes node streams that interact with specific locations and filter streams that process or alter data. Examples of byte streams like FileInputStream and character streams like FileReader are provided.
This document provides an overview of input/output (I/O) and threading concepts covered in Module 4 of the OODP syllabus. It discusses Java stream classes for byte and character I/O, including reading console input and working with files. It also covers the thread model in Java and using the Thread class and Runnable interface. The summary discusses I/O basics like input/output sources and destinations, and how Java represents data flows using streams. It also provides examples of using byte streams like DataInputStream and character streams like BufferedReader to perform I/O operations in Java programs.
The document discusses several key topics related to input/output (I/O) and applets in Java:
- I/O in Java is performed through streams which can be byte-based or character-based and linked to physical devices. The predefined streams System.in, System.out, and System.err are introduced.
- Reading input and writing output involves classes like BufferedReader, PrintWriter, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream.
- Applets are small Java programs that can be run in a web browser. Every applet must extend the Applet class and override the paint() method to display its graphical user interface.
This document provides an overview of Java input-output (I/O) streams and classes. It discusses the core stream classes like InputStream, OutputStream, Reader, Writer and their subclasses like FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, FileWriter. It also covers buffered stream classes like BufferedInputStream, BufferedOutputStream, BufferedReader, BufferedWriter which provide better performance. Examples are given to demonstrate reading, writing and file handling using these stream classes.
The document provides information on Java APIs, IO packages, streams, serialization, networking and TCP sockets. It defines that an API allows communication between programs, Java IO handles input/output through streams, and common IO classes include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream. Networking concepts covered include sockets, ports, IP addresses and protocols like TCP. TCP sockets in Java use Socket and ServerSocket classes.
The document discusses Java I/O streams, which allow programs to read and write data. It describes the different types of streams for reading bytes and characters from sources like files, pipes, and memory. It also covers serialization which allows objects to save their state to a byte stream that can later be used to recreate the object.
This document discusses files and streams in Java. It covers key concepts like:
- Streams represent sources of input or destinations of output and support different data types.
- Input streams read data from sources one item at a time, while output streams write to destinations.
- Byte streams handle raw bytes, while character streams automatically translate character encodings.
- Common stream classes include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader and FileWriter for file I/O.
- The predefined System streams like System.in and System.out represent standard input/output.
The document discusses input/output (I/O) in Java, including byte streams, character streams, and reading/writing to the console. It covers:
1) Byte and character streams for handling input/output of bytes and characters respectively. Character streams use Unicode for internationalization.
2) The InputStream, OutputStream, Reader, and Writer classes used for byte and character I/O.
3) Reading input from the console using a BufferedReader connected to System.in, and writing output using PrintStream/PrintWriter connected to System.out.
The document discusses I/O streams in Java. It describes that streams represent input sources and output destinations and come in two types - input streams for reading data and output streams for writing data. Standard streams like System.in and System.out are used for input and output. Various classes are used for byte streams like FileInputStream and character streams like FileReader. Methods of classes like BufferedReader, DataInputStream, Scanner, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream are explained for reading and writing data.
In this tutorial, I take you through an important feature of Java: File Operations. We are going to take a look at Character and Byte Streams, some built-in Classes and their functionalities to be able to perform file operations. Then we are going to learn about a famous concept called exception handling. We are going to finalize this tutorial with Number Formatting.
Check out rest of the Tutorials: https://berksoysal.blogspot.com/2016/06/java-se-tutorials-basics-exercises.html
This document provides an overview of Java input/output (I/O) concepts including reading from and writing to the console, files, and streams. It discusses different I/O stream classes like PrintStream, InputStream, FileReader, FileWriter, BufferedReader, and how to read/write characters, bytes and objects in Java. The document also introduces new I/O features in Java 7 like try-with-resources for automatic resource management.
This document provides an overview of binary input and output (I/O) in Java. It discusses the different stream classes for reading and writing bytes and characters, including FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, DataInputStream and DataOutputStream. It also covers reading and writing primitive values, strings, and objects to binary files. RandomAccessFile is introduced for random access to files.
- Java performs I/O through streams which are abstractions that produce or consume data and are linked to physical devices.
- There are two types of streams in Java: byte streams which handle input/output of bytes and character streams which handle input/output of characters more efficiently.
- The main classes for byte streams are InputStream, OutputStream and their subclasses like FileInputStream and FileOutputStream. The main classes for character streams are Reader and Writer.
- The predefined streams System.in, System.out and System.err represent standard input, standard output and standard error streams in Java.
The document discusses input and output streams in Java. It provides an overview of character streams, byte streams, and connected streams. It explains how to read from and write to files using FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, and FileWriter. It emphasizes the importance of specifying the correct character encoding when working with text files. An example demonstrates reading an image file as bytes, modifying some bytes, and writing the image to a new file.
Core Java Programming Language (JSE) : Chapter XI - Console I/O and File I/OWebStackAcademy
This document discusses console and file input/output in Java. It describes how to read from standard input using System.in, write to standard output using System.out, and read/write files using File and FileReader/FileWriter classes. Methods for formatted output/input are also covered. The document provides examples for reading keyboard input, writing to console, and reading/writing files line-by-line.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in C and C++ including:
1. The structure of a C/C++ program including main functions, declarations, statements, and preprocessor directives.
2. Basic data types like integers, floats, characters, and aggregates like arrays and structures.
3. Common programming constructs like selection, loops, functions and input/output.
4. Additional C++ topics like classes, inheritance and input/output streams.
5. Pointers and how they store the address of a variable in memory rather than the variable's value.
Linux System Programming - Buffered I/O YourHelper1
This document discusses buffered I/O in 3 parts:
1) Introduction to buffered I/O which improves I/O throughput by using buffers to handle speed mismatches between devices and applications. Buffers temporarily store data to reduce high I/O latencies.
2) User-buffered I/O where applications use buffers in user memory to minimize system calls and improve performance. Block sizes are important to align I/O operations.
3) Standard I/O functions like fopen(), fgets(), fputc() which provide platform-independent buffered I/O using file pointers and buffers. Functions allow reading, writing, seeking and flushing data to streams.
A data stream is a process that reads or sends data from/to one resource or location. There are two types of streams: byte streams for binary data and character streams for Unicode text data. Java's IO package provides classes for input and output streams to read from and write to various sources like files, networks, and memory. Reader and Writer classes handle text data while InputStream and OutputStream classes handle bytes. Buffered streams improve performance by using buffering. To read/write files, FileReader/FileWriter or FileInputStream/FileOutputStream are used.
The document discusses Java I/O streams and input/output. It introduces streams as an ordered sequence of data linked to a physical device. Streams can represent different sources and destinations like files, devices, networks. Input streams read data from a source while output streams write data to a destination. Byte streams handle bytes and character streams handle characters. Important stream classes include InputStream, OutputStream, Reader, and Writer. The System class defines predefined input, output, and error streams. Reading input involves wrapping System.in in a BufferedReader while writing uses PrintStream.
Try to imagine the amount of time and effort it would take you to write a bug-free script or application that will accept a URL, port scan it, and for each HTTP service that it finds, it will create a new thread and perform a black box penetration testing while impersonating a Blackberry 9900 smartphone. While you’re thinking, Here’s how you would have done it in Hackersh:
“http://localhost” \
-> url \
-> nmap \
-> browse(ua=”Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9900; en) AppleWebKit/534.11+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.1.0.346 Mobile Safari/534.11+”) \
-> w3af
Meet Hackersh (“Hacker Shell”) – A new, free and open source cross-platform shell (command interpreter) with built-in security commands and Pythonect-like syntax.
Aside from being interactive, Hackersh is also scriptable with Pythonect. Pythonect is a new, free, and open source general-purpose dataflow programming language based on Python, written in Python. Hackersh is inspired by Unix pipeline, but takes it a step forward by including built-in features like remote invocation and threads. This 120 minute lab session will introduce Hackersh, the automation gap it fills, and its features. Lots of demonstrations and scripts are included to showcase concepts and ideas.
Mulesoft is an open source integration platform that allows users to connect different applications and platforms through a Java-based enterprise service bus. It can exchange data in real-time or batch modes between systems like JMS, Salesforce, HTTP, web services, and JDBC. Mulesoft is platform independent, integrates a wide variety of applications, and allows business logic to remain separate from messaging logic. To get certified in Mulesoft, users can study free online materials on the Mulesoft training site and take an open book, unproctored exam within 90 minutes after 8 weeks of study. Users are encouraged to thoroughly review materials, take notes, complete exercises, and engage with online communities to best prepare
MuleSoft is an integration platform that allows developers to connect applications together using Mule, its lightweight Java-based enterprise service bus (ESB). Anypoint Studio is MuleSoft's graphical development tool for building, testing, and deploying integrations. JMS is an API that enables loosely-coupled, reliable messaging between distributed application components using queues or topics. The document provides steps for using File, File-to-String, and JMS connectors in MuleSoft to place a file in a JMS queue.
This document provides an overview of using Mule to integrate with web services. It discusses building a bookstore web service using JAX-WS, generating a client, and configuring Mule with a CXF connector. It also covers transforming CSV book data to objects and sending to the web service, and transforming order objects to emails and sending via SMTP. The key steps are building the web service, generating a client, developing message transformers, and configuring Mule endpoints and routing.
Mulesoft is a cloud integration platform that allows users to connect applications together and share data across systems. Cloudhub is Mulesoft's cloud-based integration platform that enables users to deploy and manage APIs and integrations without having to manage any infrastructure. Mulesoft aims to make it easy for users to connect applications together through its cloud-based integration platform.
The document provides an overview of the Perl programming language. It discusses that Perl stands for Practical Extraction and Reporting Language and is similar to shell script but more powerful and easier. It then covers basic Perl concepts like file extensions, self-executing scripts, advantages over other languages, and using print statements. The document also summarizes storing values using scalar and list variables, control structures, regular expressions, functions, and more advanced Perl topics.
Hibernate is an object-relational mapping tool that allows developers to interact with a relational database (such as MySQL) using object-oriented programming. It provides functionality for persisting Java objects to tables in a database and querying those objects using HQL or SQL. Hibernate utilizes XML mapping files or annotations to define how Java classes map to database tables. A typical Hibernate application includes entity classes, mapping files, configuration files, and a controller class to manage persistence operations.
The document provides an overview of the Java Persistence API (JPA). It defines JPA as a framework that helps developers control relational data in Java applications. JPA offers developers an easier way to access and manipulate relational data compared to previous solutions. It consists of the JPA API, the Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL), and object-relational metadata. JPA defines a runtime API to process queries and transactions on objects against a database, and JPQL allows querying objects from the database in a SQL-like syntax. The document also compares JPA to EJB solutions, noting advantages like reduced complexity and the ability to use outside an application server.
Spring is an open source Java application framework that uses dependency injection and inversion of control to reduce coupling between application layers. It includes modules for core functions, aspects, data access, web MVC, and other services. Spring promotes loose coupling, testability, and separation of concerns through its lightweight container that manages lifecycles and dependencies of application components.
JSON is a lightweight data format that can represent complex data structures like objects and arrays. It is useful for AJAX applications because JSON data can be easily evaluated and accessed in JavaScript. JSON has advantages over XML in AJAX as data can be accessed at any depth without additional processing, and JSON syntax is simpler. However, using JSON in AJAX also raises security concerns due to the ability of malicious scripts to access sensitive transmitted data.
The Spring Framework provides an inversion of control container and aspects for aspect-oriented programming. It includes services for data access, exceptions, ORM tools, web services, messaging and scheduling. It also offers a full MVC framework with clear separation of controller, validator, form object and view resolver roles. The Spring Framework has benefits like code extensibility, readability and replaceable modules, as well as transaction handling and security through AOP.
REST is a style of software architecture for distributed hypermedia systems such as the World Wide Web. It uses a stateless, client-server, cacheable communications protocol and standard interface to access and manipulate representations of web resources. The key aspects of REST include using a uniform interface, separating concerns through resources and representations, and hypermedia as the engine of application state. REST contrasts with SOAP which is message-oriented and focuses on integrated applications rather than interacting with resources. While REST and SOA share some principles like loose coupling and statelessness, REST emphasizes resources and representations over messages and operations.
Exceptions in Java allow programs to handle errors and unexpected conditions in a uniform way. Exceptions break normal program flow and can be caught and handled in catch blocks. Common exceptions include runtime exceptions for errors like null pointer exceptions and checked exceptions for errors like IOExceptions. Exceptions are organized in a hierarchy with Throwable at the top. The Java compiler enforces exception handling to improve correctness.
This document provides an overview of JUnit, a unit testing framework for Java. It discusses JUnit's history and development by Kent Beck and others. The key aspects covered include: writing test cases by extending TestCase and adding test methods; using assertion methods like assertTrue and assertEquals to check conditions; organizing tests into test suites; and running JUnit tests within the Eclipse IDE. Other unit testing tools for other languages are also briefly mentioned.
XML parsers are software libraries that allow client applications to work with XML documents. There are two main types: DOM parsers build an in-memory tree representation, while SAX parsers use event-based callbacks. Xerces-J is a popular Java XML parser that implements both DOM and SAX interfaces. An example extracts circle data from an XML file using both a DOM parser to iterate through nodes and a SAX parser overriding callback methods.
XPath is a syntax for selecting parts of an XML document, similar to how file paths work in an operating system. It allows selecting elements, attributes, and text from an XML document. XPath uses paths containing axis, nodes, and predicates to navigate within an XML document. Common axes include child, parent, ancestor, descendant, following, and preceding. Functions, arithmetic expressions, and other features allow complex querying of XML documents.
XSLT is used to transform XML documents into other formats like HTML. It uses an XML document and an XSL stylesheet to perform the transformation. The XSL stylesheet contains templates that are applied to the XML data to output a new formatted document. Common XSL elements include xsl:value-of to output node values, xsl:for-each for loops, and xsl:apply-templates to apply templates to child nodes. XSLT provides powerful tools for transforming XML but requires careful debugging due to its complexity.
XHTML was created to replace HTML and is defined using XML rather than SGML. It is nearly identical to HTML but aims to be cleaner and more extensible by requiring elements to be properly nested, closed, and case-sensitive. Documents must also have a DOCTYPE declaration and refer to a DTD that defines syntax requirements. There are three main DTDs that can be used with XHTML - Strict, Transitional, and Frameset - depending on whether style information or frames are needed.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to separate a document's semantics from its presentation. CSS allows content to be displayed differently on different devices. CSS rules consist of selectors and declarations blocks. The CSS box model represents elements as boxes that can be sized and positioned with properties like width, height, padding, borders, and margins. CSS handles conflicts between rules through specificity, source order, and inheritance to determine which styles get applied.
HTML5 is the newest version of HTML that simplifies elements and syntax compared to previous versions. It was first published in 2012 but has been in development since 2004. HTML5 incorporates features from earlier HTML versions and adds new tools for developers, though full browser support will take many years. The document provides examples of simplified DOCTYPE, HTML, HEAD, and BODY elements in HTML5 compared to previous versions like XHTML.
The document discusses AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), which allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a web server behind the scenes, without reloading the entire page. It provides an overview of the basic objects and steps needed to make AJAX work, including the XMLHttpRequest object, how servers respond, and using the response. It then contrasts the traditional synchronous web page model with AJAX's asynchronous approach. The document also covers the basics of writing AJAX applications, including creating XMLHttpRequest objects, sending requests, handling responses, and using properties and methods. Finally, it provides a skeleton for a general AJAX application and an example to get the time from the server without refreshing the whole page.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
2. 2
Topics
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
What is an I/O stream?
Types of Streams
Stream class hierarchy
Control flow of an I/O operation using Streams
Byte streams
Character streams
Buffered streams
Standard I/O streams
Data streams
Object streams
File class
4. I/O Streams
4
●
●
An I/O Stream represents an input source or an
output destination
A stream can represent many different kinds of
sources and destinations
–
●
disk files, devices, other programs, a network
socket, and memory arrays
Streams support many different kinds of data
–
●
simple bytes, primitive data types, localized
characters, and objects
Some streams simply pass on data; others
manipulate and transform the data in useful ways.
5. I/O Streams
5
● No matter how they work internally, all streams
present the same simple model to programs that
use them
– A stream is a sequence of data
6. Input Stream
● A program uses an input stream to read data from
a source, one item at a time
6
source:java.sun.com
7. 7
Output Stream
● A program uses an output stream to write data to a
destination, one item at time
9. General Stream Types
9
● Character and Byte Streams
– Character vs. Byte
● Input and Output Streams
– Based on source or destination
● Node and Filter Streams
– Whether the data on a stream is manipulated or
transformed or not
10. Character and Byte Streams
10
● Byte streams
–
–
For binary data
Root classes for byte streams:
●
●
●
The InputStream Class
The OutputStream Class
Both classes are abstract
● Character streams
–
–
For Unicode characters
Root classes for character streams:
●
●
●
The Reader class
The Writer class
Both classes are abstract
11. Input and Output Streams
11
● Input or source streams
–
–
Can read from these streams
Root classes of all input streams:
●
●
The InputStream Class
The Reader Class
● Output or sink (destination) streams
–
–
Can write to these streams
Root classes of all output streams:
●
●
The OutputStream Class
The Writer Class
12. 12
Node and Filter Streams
● Node streams (Data sink stream)
–
–
Contain the basic functionality of reading or writing
from a specific location
Types of node streams include files, memory and
pipes
● Filter streams (Processing stream)
–
–
Layered onto node streams between threads or
processes
For additional functionality- altering or managing
data in the stream
● Adding layers to a node stream is called stream
chaining
31. 31
Control Flow of an I/O operation
Create a stream object and associate it with a data-
source (data-destination)
Give the stream object the desired functionality
through stream chaining
while (there is more information)
read(write) next data from(to) the stream
close the stream
33. Byte Stream
33
●
●
●
Programs use byte streams to perform input and
output of 8-bit bytes
All byte stream classes are descended from
InputStream and OutputStream
There are many byte stream classes
– FileInputStream and FileOutputStream
● They are used in much the same way; they differ
mainly in the way they are constructed
34. When Not to Use Byte Streams?
34
● Byte Stream represents a kind of low-level I/O that
you should avoid
–
–
If the data contains character data, the best
approach is to use character streams
There are also streams for more complicated data
types
●
●
Byte streams should only be used for the most
primitive I/O
All other streams are based on byte stream
35. Example: FileInputStream &
FileOutputStream
35
public class CopyBytes {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileInputStream in = null;
FileOutputStream out = null;
try {
in = new FileInputStream("xanadu.txt");
out = new FileOutputStream("outagain.txt");
int c;
while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(c);
}
}
// More code
39. 39
Character Stream
●
●
The Java platform stores character values using
Unicode conventions
Character stream I/O automatically translates this
internal format to and from the local character set.
–
●
●
In Western locales, the local character set is usually
an 8-bit superset of ASCII.
All character stream classes are descended from
Reader and Writer
As with byte streams, there are character stream
classes that specialize in file I/O: FileReader and
FileWriter.
40. Character Stream
● For most applications, I/O with character streams is
no more complicated than I/O with byte streams.
–
–
–
–
Input and output done with stream classes
automatically translates to and from the local
character set.
A program that uses character streams in place of
byte streams automatically adapts to the local
character set and is ready for internationalization —
all without extra effort by the programmer.
If internationalization isn't a priority, you can simply
use the character stream classes without paying
much attention to character set issues.
Later, if internationalization becomes a priority, your
program can be adapted without extensive recoding.40
41. Example: FileReader &FileWriter
41
public class CopyCharacters {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileReader inputStream = null;
FileWriter outputStream = null;
try {
inputStream = new FileReader("xanadu.txt");
outputStream = new FileWriter("characteroutput.txt");
int c;
while ((c = inputStream.read()) != -1) {
outputStream.write(c);
}
}
// More code
43. Character Stream and Byte Stream
43
●
●
Character streams are often "wrappers" for byte
streams
The character stream uses the byte stream to
perform the physical I/O, while the character stream
handles translation between characters and bytes.
– FileReader, for example, uses FileInputStream,
while FileWriter uses FileOutputStream
44. Line-Oriented I/O
44
● Character I/O usually occurs in bigger units than
single characters
– One common unit is the line: a string of
characters with a line terminator at the end
– A line terminator can be a carriage-return/line-
feed sequence ("rn"), a single carriage-return
("r"), or a single line-feed ("n").
45. 45
Example: Line-oriented I/O
File inputFile = new File("farrago.txt");
File outputFile = new File("outagain.txt");
FileReader in = new FileReader(inputFile);
FileWriter out = new FileWriter(outputFile);
BufferedReader inputStream = new BufferedReader(in);
PrintWriter outputStream = new PrintWriter(out);
String l;
while ((l = inputStream.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(l);
outputStream.println(l);
}
in.close();
out.close();
47. 47
Why Buffered Streams?
● An unbuffered I/Omeans each read or write
request is handled directly by the underlying OS
–
●
This can make a program much less efficient, since
each such request often triggers disk access,
network activity, or some other operation that is
relatively expensive.
To reduce this kind of overhead, the Java platform
implements buffered I/O streams
–
–
Buffered input streams read data from a memory
area known as a buffer; the native input API is called
only when the buffer is empty
Similarly, buffered output streams write data to a
buffer, and the native output API is called only when
the buffer is full.
48. How to create Buffered Streams?
48
● A program can convert a unbuffered stream into a
buffered stream using the wrapping idiom
–
●
A unbuffered stream object is passed to the constructor
for a buffered stream class
Example
inputStream =
new BufferedReader(new FileReader("xanadu.txt"));
outputStream =
new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("characteroutput.txt"));
50. Flushing Buffered Streams
50
●
●
It often makes sense to write out a buffer at critical
points, without waiting for it to fill. This is known as
flushing the buffer.
Some buffered output classes support autoflush,
specified by an optional constructor argument.
–
–
When autoflush is enabled, certain key events cause
the buffer to be flushed
For example, an autoflush PrintWriter object flushes
the buffer on every invocation of println or format.
● To flush a stream manually, invoke its flush method
– The flush method is valid on any output stream, but
has no effect unless the stream is buffered.
52. 52
Standard Streams on Java Platform
● Three standard streams
–
–
–
Standard Input, accessed through System.in
Standard Output, accessed through System.out
Standard Error, accessed through System.err
●
●
These objects are defined automatically and do not
need to be opened
System.out and System.err are defined as
PrintStream objects
54. Data Streams
54
●
●
●
Data streams support binary I/O of primitive data
type values (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long,
float, and double) as well as String values
All data streams implement either the DataInput
interface or the DataOutput interface
DataInputStream and DataOutputStream are most
widely-used implementations of these interfaces
55. DataOutputStream
55
● DataOutputStream can only be created as a wrapper
for an existing byte stream object
out = new DataOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(dataFile)));
for (int i = 0; i < prices.length; i ++) {
out.writeDouble(prices[i]);
out.writeInt(units[i]);
out.writeUTF(descs[i]);
}
56. DataInputStream
56
●
●
Like DataOutputStream, DataInputStream must be
constructed as a wrapper for a byte stream
End-of-file condition is detected by catching
EOFException, instead of testing for an invalid return
value
in = new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(dataFile)));
try{
double price = in.readDouble();
int unit = in.readInt();
String desc = in.readUTF();
} catch (EOFException e){
}
58. Object Streams
58
● Object streams support I/O of objects
–
–
Like Data streams support I/O of primitive data types
The object has to be Serializable type
● The object stream classes are ObjectInputStream
and ObjectOutputStream
–
–
These classes implement ObjectInput and
ObjectOutput, which are subinterfaces of DataInput
and DataOutput
An object stream can contain a mixture of primitive
and object values
59. Input and Output of Complex
Object
59
● The writeObject and readObject methods are
simple to use, but they contain some very
sophisticated object management logic
–
●
This isn't important for a class like Calendar, which
just encapsulates primitive values. But many objects
contain references to other objects.
If readObject is to reconstitute an object from a
stream, it has to be able to reconstitute all of the
objects the original object referred to.
– These additional objects might have their own
references, and so on.
60. WriteObject
60
●
●
The writeObject traverses the entire web of object
references and writes all objects in that web onto
the stream
A single invocation of writeObject can cause a large
number of objects to be written to the stream.
61. I/O of multiple referred-to objects
● Object a contains references to objects b and c,
while b contains references to d and e
61
62. I/O of multiple referred-to objects
62
●
●
Invoking writeObject(a) writes not just a, but all the
objects necessary to reconstitute a, so the other
four objects in this web are written also
When a is read back by readObject, the other four
objects are read back as well, and all the original
object references are preserved.
64. 64
Always Close Streams
● Closing a stream when it's no longer needed is very
important — so important that your program should
use a finally block to guarantee that both streams
will be closed even if an error occurs
– This practice helps avoid serious resource leaks.
66. The File Class
66
●
●
●
Not a stream class
Important since stream classes manipulate File
objects
Abstract representation of actual files and directory
pathname