JAMB Physics, Question 51, 2005
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The document defines various processes of state change including evaporation, regelation, boiling, and sublimation. Evaporation is identified as the correct term to describe a liquid spontaneously changing to vapor without any mention of temperature. Boiling and sublimation were eliminated as options because they require a liquid to reach a specific temperature or change directly from solid to gas.
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The document discusses the processes of melting, boiling, freezing and condensation. It explains that during these state changes, heat is absorbed or released in the form of latent heat, causing the temperature to remain constant. Impurities affect the freezing/melting and boiling points of substances by lowering or raising the temperature at which these state changes occur. Pressure also influences state changes, with higher pressure lowering melting/boiling points.
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CHANGE OF STATE
STATES OF MATTER
There are three states, or phases, of matter.
They are:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
When a substance changes from one state, or phase, of matter to another we say that it has undergone a change of state.
MELTING
The change of state from solid to liquid state is called melting.
The temperature at which the solid states of the substance changes into the liquid states of the substance is called its melting point.
The temperature remains constant until the entire amount solid is converted into liquid state
VAPORISATION
The change of state from liquid to vapour is called vaporisation.
The liquid and vapour states of the substance coexist in thermal equilibrium during the change of state from liquid to vapour.
The temperature at which the liquid states of the substance change to its vapour state is called its boiling point.
CONDENSATION
The process of changing gas (or vapour) to a liquid by cooling is called condensation
Condensation is the reverse of boiling (or vaporisation).
FREEZING
The process f changing a liquid into a solid by cooling is called freezing
Freezing is reverse of melting
Freezing means solidification.
SUBLIMATION AND DESPOSITION
The process of changing of solid directly into vapour (or gas) is called sublimation.
The process of changing of vapour (or gas) directly into solid is called sublimation and desposition.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON MELTING POINT
Under normal atmospheric pressure, ice melts at 0 °C. However, this can change if the air pressure changes.
When the two ice cubes are pressed together, the melting point is lowered.
The ice melts since its temperature (0 °C) is above the new melting point.
When the ice cubes are released, the ice freezes again at 0 °C joining the two ice cubes together.
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 6
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JAMB Physics, Question 51, 2005
- 1. PHYSICS: JAMB, Q 51, 2005 The process whereby a liquid turns spontaneously into vapour is called A. Evaporation B.Regelation C.Boiling D. Sublimation
- 2. Solution Topic/Subtopic: Change of State/Boiling and evaporation In order to know which option is right, let us define them each Evaporation: is the process by which liquid changes into vapour. It occurs at all temperature. Regelation: is the melting and refreezing of ice block which is acted upon by a loaded string Boiling : is the change of liquid into vapour at a temperature where the Saturated vapour pressure equals the external atmospheric pressure. It occurs at a specific temperature. Sublimation: is process by which a solid changes into gas without passing through liquid form.
- 3. From the definition above, the correct option is A) since no specific temperature was stated. Option B(regelation) is wrong it deals basically with ice block Option C(Boiling) is wrong since boiing must occur at a certain temperature which was not given in the question. Option(D) is also wrong because it has nothing to do with liquid.