Abstract: The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
MBA Project report on Just In Time Management - Final Report
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the Just-In-Time system, the advantages and disadvantages of the system and how it would benefit AG & Z. The Just-In-Time (JIT) system is a process where goods are ordered as required, as opposed to the currently used batch processing system where goods are made in bulk and stored in warehouses until sold. The Just-In-Time system was initially developed to not only cut down the amount of waste produced by other systems, which was seen as incurring unnecessary costs rather than adding value to the company, but to also meet customer demands with minimum delays. It has been found that when implemented correctly the JIT system can benefit the company in numerous ways.
MBA Project report on Just In Time Management - Final Report
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the Just-In-Time system, the advantages and disadvantages of the system and how it would benefit AG & Z. The Just-In-Time (JIT) system is a process where goods are ordered as required, as opposed to the currently used batch processing system where goods are made in bulk and stored in warehouses until sold. The Just-In-Time system was initially developed to not only cut down the amount of waste produced by other systems, which was seen as incurring unnecessary costs rather than adding value to the company, but to also meet customer demands with minimum delays. It has been found that when implemented correctly the JIT system can benefit the company in numerous ways.
The presentation is about Management Control System at Toyota. The presentation briefly covers the various techniques developed by Toyota with reference to the "Toyota House Diagram".
A study on improvement activities for indian manufacturing industrieseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents findings of an extensive survey of Indian manufacturing industries. The survey encompassed three sectors: Four Wheeler Automobile Industries, Two Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries. Various Improvement Activities such as Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System and Advance Management System have been identified and assessed the degree of investment in Improvement Activities in Indian manufacturing environment. Their sub classifications are also made. Sector wise comparisons of these Improvement Activities are provided. Correlation is also made between the various Improvement Activities. Our results showed that most of the Indian industries are still emphasizing Advanced Management Systems. Four Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. However Two Wheeler Automobile Industries are investing more on Activity Based Costing. But, in overall sector it is observed from data analysis that all sectors are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. Key words: Improvement activities, Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System, Advance Management System.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identification of Operational Issues at a Switchgear Manufacturing Company: A...IOSR Journals
The Aluminium Industries Ltd was one of the leading switchgear manufacturers in India. It
flourished in late 1960’s. The company then faced severe financial stringency and doomed in 1985. This paper
is based on an industrial training carried out at the company. The performance analysis and problem
identification were carried out as part of the study and is summarised through this paper. The real problems at
the company could be identified and suitable corrective measures could solve the problem and upheld the
company in future.
JIT, Kanban, Kaizen, Muda in TPS (Toyota Production System)Abdul Qadir Master
Prepared by Abdul Qadir, for Proj Procurement and Contracts Subject taken by Sir Usman Khalid, if anyone needs its report in document form can approach me at abdulqadirmail@gmail.com
In the present paper , we introduce and study the concept of gr- Ti- space (for i =0,1,2) and
obtain the characterization of gr –regular space , gr- normal space by using the notion of gr-open
sets. Further, some of their properties and results are discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Header Configuration of the Plate-Fin Heat ExchangerIJMER
Numerical analysis of a plate fin heat exchanger accounting for the effect of fluid flow
maldistribution onthe inlet header configuration of the heat exchanger is investigated. In this analysis , it
was found that flow maldistribution has effect on the flow perpendicular to its velocity direction. The peak
velocity occurs in the central zone of the header while the velocityalong the perpendicular direction of the
inlet flow diminishes more and more. By this investigation,the results of the flow maldistribution are
presented for a plate fin heat exchangerwhich is reduced as compare to theexisting configuration of the
plate fin heat exchanger.
The presentation is about Management Control System at Toyota. The presentation briefly covers the various techniques developed by Toyota with reference to the "Toyota House Diagram".
A study on improvement activities for indian manufacturing industrieseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents findings of an extensive survey of Indian manufacturing industries. The survey encompassed three sectors: Four Wheeler Automobile Industries, Two Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries. Various Improvement Activities such as Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System and Advance Management System have been identified and assessed the degree of investment in Improvement Activities in Indian manufacturing environment. Their sub classifications are also made. Sector wise comparisons of these Improvement Activities are provided. Correlation is also made between the various Improvement Activities. Our results showed that most of the Indian industries are still emphasizing Advanced Management Systems. Four Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. However Two Wheeler Automobile Industries are investing more on Activity Based Costing. But, in overall sector it is observed from data analysis that all sectors are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. Key words: Improvement activities, Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System, Advance Management System.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identification of Operational Issues at a Switchgear Manufacturing Company: A...IOSR Journals
The Aluminium Industries Ltd was one of the leading switchgear manufacturers in India. It
flourished in late 1960’s. The company then faced severe financial stringency and doomed in 1985. This paper
is based on an industrial training carried out at the company. The performance analysis and problem
identification were carried out as part of the study and is summarised through this paper. The real problems at
the company could be identified and suitable corrective measures could solve the problem and upheld the
company in future.
JIT, Kanban, Kaizen, Muda in TPS (Toyota Production System)Abdul Qadir Master
Prepared by Abdul Qadir, for Proj Procurement and Contracts Subject taken by Sir Usman Khalid, if anyone needs its report in document form can approach me at abdulqadirmail@gmail.com
In the present paper , we introduce and study the concept of gr- Ti- space (for i =0,1,2) and
obtain the characterization of gr –regular space , gr- normal space by using the notion of gr-open
sets. Further, some of their properties and results are discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Header Configuration of the Plate-Fin Heat ExchangerIJMER
Numerical analysis of a plate fin heat exchanger accounting for the effect of fluid flow
maldistribution onthe inlet header configuration of the heat exchanger is investigated. In this analysis , it
was found that flow maldistribution has effect on the flow perpendicular to its velocity direction. The peak
velocity occurs in the central zone of the header while the velocityalong the perpendicular direction of the
inlet flow diminishes more and more. By this investigation,the results of the flow maldistribution are
presented for a plate fin heat exchangerwhich is reduced as compare to theexisting configuration of the
plate fin heat exchanger.
Accelerometer based Robot control using Renesas Microcontroller IJMER
Tracking and attacking enemies at distant places is very much difficult for the soldiers. There
may be a chance of loss of lives of the soldier during war and emergency situations. So the idea is to
replace a real soldier with robot soldier completely controlled with a wireless network. The objective of
this paper is to minimize human fatalities in terrorist attack. For this we design a robot that can monitor
enemy remotely when required. It can silently enter into enemy area and send us all the information
through its tiny camera, that can be mounted on top of it. For this purpose Renesas microcontroller was
used to perform the control actions as per requirement.
High Performance Germanium Double Gate N-MOSFETIJMER
The current MOSFET technology supports scaling down to nanometer. To achieve
enhanced transistor switching, it is difficult to keep the equivalent driver current at the same level
since it changes by the certain restrictions like effective masses, density of states, uniaxial- and
biaxial- strain; band structure, channel orientation, channel mobility, off-state leakage, switching
delay in nano-scale and parasitic latch up. Current strained-Si is the ruling technology for
intensifying the performance of MOSFET and development of strain can provide a better solution to
the scaling. The future of nano-scale MOSFETs relies on exploration of novel higher mobility channel
materials such as stained-Ge and strained III-V groups that might perform even better than very
highly strained-Si. In addition, parameters such as injection velocity, short channel length effect and
Band-to-Band Tunneling (BTBT) result in reduction of inversion charge, increase in leakage current,
resulting in decrease in the drive current. While developing accurate model of MOSFETs all these
complex effects should be captured. It is proposed to
1. Design high performance double gate n-MOSFET with channel material Ge.
2. Benchmarked & stimulate high performance double gate n-MOSFET by using the simulation
techniques.
PV/Diesel Hybrid System for Fuel Production from Waste Plastics RecyclingIJMER
The treatment of wastes has become one of the most important concerns of modern society. Converting waste plastic into gasoline and diesel fuel through a highly effective low-cost pyrolysis process is a promising technology. In this paper PV/Diesel/Battery hybrid system is suggested to fulfill the load demand of waste plastic recycling pyrolysis process. A Mathematical and simulation models using MATLAB/ SIMULINK software for the hybrid PV/Diesel/Battery system components have been developed. Also, this paper presents a control strategy using Artificial Neural Network Controller
(NNC) technique for coordinating the power flow among the different components of the PV/Diesel/Battery hybrid system. The results indicate that the proposed control unit using NNC can be successfully used for controlling the power system for the waste plastic recycling pyrolysis process.
Many applications such as robot navigation, defense, medical and remote sensing perform
various processing tasks, which can be performed more easily when all objects in different images of the
same scene are combined into a single fused image. In this paper, we propose a fast and effective
method for image fusion. The proposed method derives the intensity based variations that is large and
small scale, from the source images. In this approach, guided filtering is employed for this extraction.
Gaussian and Laplacian pyramidal approach is then used to fuse the different layers obtained.
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better performance for fusion of
all sets of images. The results clearly indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
An Effective Tea Leaf Recognition Algorithm for Plant Classification Using Ra...IJMER
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as identified in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Naturally a leaf is a thin, flattened organ bear above ground and it is mainly used for photosynthesis. Recognition of plants has become an active area of research as most of the plant species are at the risk of extinction. Most of the leaves cannot be recognized easily since some are not flat (e.g. succulent leaves and conifers), some does not grow above ground (e.g. bulb scales), and some does not undergo photosynthetic function (e.g. cataphylls, spines, and cotyledons).In this paper, we mainly focused on tea leaves to identify the leaf type for improving tea leaf classification. Tea leaf images are loaded from digital cameras or scanners in the system. This proposed approach consists of three phases such as preprocessing, feature extraction and classification to process the loaded image. The tea leaf images can be identified accurately in the preprocessing phase by fuzzy denoising using Dual Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform (DT-DWT) in order to remove the noisy features and boundary enhancement to obtain the shape of leaf accurately. In the feature extraction phase, Digital Morphological Features (DMFs) are derived to improve the classification accuracy. Radial Basis Function (RBF) is used for efficient classification. The RBF is trained by 60 tea leaves to classify them into 6 types. Experimental results proved that the proposed method classifies the tea leaves with more accuracy in less time. Thus, the proposed method achieves more accuracy in retrieving the leaf type.
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & ProductivityIJMER
The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
The Toyota Company is the biggest auto-manufacture in the world. T.docxssusera34210
The Toyota Company is the biggest auto-manufacture in the world. The company headquarters are located in Japan but has global plants in Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. The company has indulged in a customer driven philosophy that has kept top amid economic recession in Europe and North America, its chief customers. This philosophy is known by the company employees as the Toyota Production system (TPS). The three main objectives of this philosophy includes: providing their customers with the best quality vehicles in terms of cost and timely delivery, to treat their employees in such a way that they are satisfies with their jobs and ensure job security. Thirdly, TPS intends to give the company flexibility to respond to market while recording returns through cost reduction measures (Wilson, 2012).
According to Toyota (2012) TPS has the responsibility of minimizing wastes and overloading its employees. It works to ensure that the whole process of production through distribution flows smoothly and efficiently. The integration of human and mechanical resources to ensure maximum quality of the cars as well as improving efficiency and reduction of wastes is the foundation philosophy of the Toyota Company and defines best kaizen. To achieve this, the employees continuously work to improve the standards of increasing their efficiency and waste elimination. This is called kaizen in Japanese ‘or change for the better’ in English. The kaizen was invented by Toyota decades ago and have since acquired a universal acceptance. Just in time production was also coined by the same company in an effort to respond to the forces of demand and supply. The whole process is initiated once the customer places an order to the company. The company then moves to produce the exact parts ordered, assemble and dispatch the car. This limits the production of inventory since production is proportional to the magnitude of the demand (Toyota. (2012).
Lean Production 2
For instance, if the company received a daily order of 400 cars and happen to be operating in 920 minutes daily, the takt time (from German ‘taktzeit’ meaning cycle time) will amount to 2.3 minutes. If this time is operated at a minimum, then the resources will be increased.
Jidoka is a Japanese word for automation. The Toyota Company defines the word as 'automation with a human touch'. This allows all employees the responsibility to stop the production process in case he or she identifies a problem within the production line (Toyota, 2012).
Lean Production Philosophy
Lean production encompasses the reduction of wastages through labor, inventory management, time, space with the primary objective of delivering high quality products. This strategy strives at responding to the market needs through introduction of the right product in the right place in the quantity in the right time. In turn, the production process helps in the realization of reduced wastes and responds to fluctuating market demands. The pr ...
Operation management, toyota production systemOmar Hamdan
The success of Toyota Motor Company is due to the unique reduction systems that focus on continuous improvement and just in time management. Toyota has created a decentralised structure that encourages employee participation and team working. Toyota incorporated concepts just as supply chain management and inventory management to create high quality automobiles and gain a competitive edge in the highly competitive global automobile market. Toyota’s success and its lean manufacturing philosophy have been widely studied. The Toyota manufacturing system is centred on achieving a high level of productivity. The company has a unique approach to problem solving and it continuously trains its employees.
Application of Statistical Quality Tools in the Root Cause Analysis of Indust...AM Publications
The primary objective of this paper is to define and illustrate several quality issues that are commonly faced by the automotive sector in India, and offer potential corrective measures to these problems using specific statistical quality control tools. While the organised automotive sector has been highly successful over the past two decades, advancement and improvement in the automotive sector have been hindered by a variety of issues related to the quality of their products and services. This sector is crucial to the development of the Indian economy and plays an instrumental role in the supply chain of the major players in the industry. The paper provides a comprehensive review and illustration of the causes attributed to the inefficiency of the sector, and potential solutions to these issues, thereby enabling them to ascend to the standards of organised service sectors.
Methodology used for improving overall equipment effectiveness by Implementi...IJMER
The global marketplace is highly competitive and organizations who want to survive long-term, have to continuously improve, change and adapt in response to market demands. Improvements in
a company's performance should focus on cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and
guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is one
method, which can be used to achieve these goals. TPM is an approach to equipment management that
involves employees from both production and maintenance departments. Its purpose is to eliminate major
production losses by introducing a program of continuous and systematic improvements to production
equipment.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
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Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss.11| Nov. 2014 | 66|
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity Amit Bisen1, Imtiyaz Khan2, M.K. Ghosh3, Nandkishor Prajapti4 1M. Tech. Scholar, IE & M, MIT Mandsaur-458001, 2Senior Lecturer, Department of ME, MIT Mandsaur-458001, 3Professor, Department of ME, MIT Mandsaur-458001, 4Lecturer, Department of ME, MIT Mandsaur-458001,
I. Introduction
1.1. Introduction of organization Tata Technologies Ltd (TTL) is the only specialist organization of its kind able to serve its clients with a global delivery model for Engineering Services Expertise in end-to-end automotive platform conceptualization, design & engineering. It works with every major automotive OEM (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING) in the world and over 200 manufacturing companies. The service offerings of TTL include:
1. Product Design, Analysis and Production Engineering
2. Plant Automation and Manufacturing Execution System
3. Embedded System
4. Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE)
5. Product Life cycle Management
6. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Solution
7. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Solution
Tata Technologies is a fully owned subsidiary of TML and handles all of its Engineering and Information Technology (IT) services in the present business. TTL is an important stakeholder in its new projects and will play a lead role in the areas of plant Automation and Manufacturing Execution System for those projects. TTL members will be part of the project team during the life cycle of the implementation and would be responsible thereafter for the support services.
II. Tata Motors Ltd. (TML)
Tata Motors Limited is India‟s largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 32,426 Crores (USD 7.2 Billion) in 2006-07. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and the second largest in the passenger vehicles market with winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The Company is the world‟s fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer, and the world‟s second largest medium and heavy bus manufacturer.
Established in 1945, Tata Motors presence indeed 1 million passenger cars cuts across the length and breadth of India. 4 Million Tata vehicles play on Indian roads, since the first rolled out in 1954. The Company‟s manufacturing base is spread across Jamshedpur, Pune and Lucknow and Pantnagar (Uttarakhand); it has set up an industrial joint venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and
Abstract: The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity, right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services, manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of some companies in my country.
Keywords: Outsourcing of services reduces unemployment, increases productivity and job creation.
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Tata cars and Fiat power trains. The nation – wide dealership, sales and services and spare parts network comprises over 3500 touch points. The company also has a strong auto finance operation, Tata Motor Finance, for supporting customers to purchase Tata Motors vehicles. 1.2. Introduction of new project Tata Motors‟ plant for the Tata Nano at Sanand, located in the Ahmadabad district of Gujarat. The capacity of the plant, to begin with, will be 250,000 cars per year to be achieved in phases, and with some balancing is expandable up to 350,000 cars per year. Provision for further capacity expansion has also been incorporated in this location. Built in a record time of 14 months starting November 2008, the integrated facility comprises Tata Motors‟ own plant, spread over 725 acres and an adjacent vendor park, spread over 375 acres, to house key component manufacturers for the Tata Nano. As part of process planning various systems are developed as under-
1. Logistics Planning (Inbound & Out bounding activities)
2. Training school
3. Safety
4. Recruitment
5. Tooling (Metrology & others)
6. Contract (External Services)
7. LCA (Low Cost Automation)
8. MES ( Manufacturing Execution System)
9. 3P (Production Preparation Process)
10. TPM (Total Productive Maintenance)
11. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation
1.3. Organization structure
Fig.1 Organization Structure 1.4 Introduction of productivity and quality DEFINITION OF PRODUCTIVITY Productivity is a measure relating a quantity or quality of output to the inputs required to produce it. OR The amount of output per unit of input (labor, equipment and capital). There are many different ways of measuring productivity. For example, in a factory productivity might be measured based on the number of hours it takes to produce a good, while in the service sector productivity might be measured based on the revenue generated by an employee divided by his / her salary. DEFINITION OF QUALITY Quality in everyday life and business, engineering and manufacturing has a pragmatic interpretation as the non-inferiority, superiority or usefulness of something. This is the most common interpretation of the term. The meaning for the term „QUALITY‟ has developed over time. Various interpretations are given below:
1. ISO 9000 – Degree to which a set of inherent characteristic fulfills requirements.
2. Joseph M Juran – “Fitness for use”. Fitness is defined by the customer.
3. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT CYCLE – A quality improvement cycle is a planned sequence of systematic and documented activities aimed at improving a process.
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Improvement can be done in two ways –
1. By improving the process itself and / or
2. By improving the outcomes of the process
1.5 Automotive manufacturing process of car The main activities are carried out in production process are -
There are many activities which directly or indirectly affect on manufacturing of a product. The activities which directly affect are called value added activities. And those activities which are not directly involved in manufacturing of a product but indirectly affect on a product and mainly product cost. Product Manufacturing Cost = (Material Cost + Processing Cost + Over Head Cost + Others) Where, Over Head Costs are
1. Electricity
2. Telephone
3. Services etc,
And
So, if Over Head Cost will reduce then Product manufacturing Cost will decrease and If Product manufacturing Cost will reduce then profit will increase. So these activities are more essential for a product. These activities called non value added activities.
VALUE ADDED ACTIVITIES
NON - VALUE ADDED ACTIVITIES
1. Material required for vehicle manufacturing
2. Design of product
3. Machine requirement
4. Customer requirements (Market study and advertisement)
5. Training to labors
6. Product development
7. Human Resource
8. Production process
A) TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
1. Material Handling / Movement and storage
2. Mechanical ARC (Annual Rate Contract)– Fabrication contract, machine errection and commissioning
3. Electrical ARC
4. Annual maintenance contract (For machineries equipments
B) NON–TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
1. Conservancy – total
2. Security – Plant
3. Canteen and pantry services
My scope of work is „Standardize the document‟ in different ACTIVITIES of ESM (EXTERNAL SERVICE
PRESS SHOP
PRESS PANELS
WELD SHOP BIW (BODY IN WHITE)
WELDED BODY
PAINT SHOP
TCF (TRIM CHASSIS FINAL) LINE
DESPETCH TO CUSTOMER
ENGINE SHOP
Profit = Selling – Manufacturing Cost
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MANAGEMENT Introduction of ESM (External Service Management) Planning MM External Service Management (MM ESM) is an application component within the materials management (MM) module. It provides a basic process for the procurement of externally performed services. It supports the complete cycle of purchase requisition, RFQ & quotation maintenance, purchase order creation for services, acceptance of Services through Service entry sheet, as well as the invoice verification process. MM External Services Management is completely integrated into the Materials Management system. The basic process comprises the following functionality: Service Master Records In which descriptions of all services that may need to procure can be stored. The master data for the procurement of services can be stored in Service Master Records, for example, which subsequently provide default data for the purchasing documents. MM (MATERIAL MANAGEMENT) External Service Management offers two basic ways of specifying Services: 1. PLANNED SERVICES a) Planned Services with description, quantity and price. b) By “Planned Services” we mean Services whose nature and you know scope at the start of a procurement project or transaction. c) At the time the Services are requested, the individual specifications are entered either with the aid of a Service Master Record or directly as short and long texts. Price and quantity are specified in both cases. 2. UN - PLANNED SERVICES a) With the setting of a value limit only. b) By unplanned services, we mean Services that cannot be specified in detail because their precise nature and scope are not initially known, or Services which-for various reasons - you do not wish to plan. Unplanned Services therefore have no descriptions. c) They are entered in the form of monetary limits. Services may be performed up to a value not exceeding these value limits. This allows you to exercise a degree of cost control in such situations. d) You can record the performance of Services or work in Service Entry Sheets. e) You can indicate your acceptance of the work set out in the entry sheets in various ways. f) Following acceptance, the vendor‟s Invoice can be verified and released for payment.
III. Identification Of Problem
2.1 Identification of Problems through Fishbone Diagram for Conservancy
Fig.2 Fishbone Diagram or Cause-Effect Diagram
MethodsMaterialProblems due to existing systemForconservancyMileuManMachineMaintenanceof different machinesSupervision problemHigh labourcostMaintaining attendance chartHigh rental chargesOptimum usage of machine not possibleFocus on non-core activitiesImproper consumption of matrialTaxes/Govtcharges on materialsLarge/vast area to be maintainedWastage of materials
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Following are the problems due to existing system. As project stage, due to existing system these problems may affect directly on productivity and quality of plant in future.
1. Company provides the housekeeping material to agency, it is seen that consumption of material is more than expected and accountability of the agency is less. Efforts from agency to use housekeeping material best to use are less.
2. As this is the project work of upcoming plant, housekeeping requirement would be gradually increasing, the complete allotment of the plant for housekeeping would be unnecessary wastes / loss to company.
3. Lack of efficiency while working and special focus on key area. Access to agency for immediate work and specific job.
4. Day by day labor cost is increasing and so work cost are high affecting productivity and profit of company.
PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THROUGH ESM Problem I As this is the project work of upcoming plant, housekeeping requirement would be gradually increasing, the complete allotment of the plant for housekeeping would be unnecessary wastes / loss to company. Solution I For this problem, we can take services from supplier with construction of each shop. That is first we will decide for those shop, where people will be shifted i. e. temporary offices. And then we will decide for cleaning of machines. After all we decide for entire plant (roads, office area, all shops etc.). By this decision we can save
1. Charges of machines which are not installed in shops
2. Charges of roads cleaning
3. All another shops which are not constructed
So we will take decision with construction. Problem II Lack of efficiency while working and special focus on key area. Access to agency for immediate work and specific job. Solution II By solving this problem we can improve quality. More quality can be achieved if we decide different parties for each shop than to engage all shops to only one party. Because the area being large and also keeping in view the specialized cleaning requirement of various shops. It is suggested to employ 2-3 parties for cleaning of the various locations within the plant. The advantages of employing more than one party are as under-
Employing the parties as per their strengths.
Ex- Shop floors especially paint shop, office area, roads etc. It will generate a healthy competition among the parties to perform better. It will give better control over the parties. Any one of the parties can be asked to take on the responsibility of the other at very short notice without compromising on the quality. Such a situation can arise if a party is having employee problem or if the party wishes to discontinue with very short or no notice. In view of the above the suggested job distribution of parties are as under- Party No 1:- Shop A + Common areas Party No 2:- Shop B + Shop C + Shop D Party No 3:- Shop E + Office area + Roads includes Speed Track This analysis can be done by three ways.
1. Time
2. Cost
3. Number of persons
1. Time analysis We can save time of labour and supervisor assigned for housekeeping. 2. Cost Cost can be realized in following ways.
1. We can save chemical cost.
2. We can save machine cost.
3. Total cost – Total amount will be Rs. 369384.7 per month instead of Rs. 451227.9 per month so we can save Rs. 81843.2 per month.
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2.2 Identification of Problems due to existing system, with the help of fishbone diagram
Following are the problems due to existing system.
1. Problems in charging station
2. Under utilization of forklifts
3. Problems in battery maintenance
PROBLEM I
PROBLEMS IN CHARGING STATION:
Following problems are faced in charging station.
a) Unplanned Schedule
b) Extra movement of forklifts
a) Unplanned Schedule:
Due to improper scheduling, all forklifts from different shops arrive for charging at the same time at
charging station. But, due to limited number of chargers, many forklifts wait in queue. To avoid this, proper
schedule is to be prepared for different forklifts, and the same is to be followed meticulously to avoid
overlapping of forklifts for charging and better utilization of forklifts.
b) Extra movement of forklifts:
According to this study all drivers move to charging station whenever they get time. This results in
unnecessary movement of forklifts, and by following table we can understand that productivity decreases daily.
So by proper scheduling, we can avoid this problem.
Methods Machine
Problems due to
existing system
For
forklifts operation
and maintenance
Man Material
Supervision problem
Extra movement covered by forklifts
Bad/poor attitude towards working
Poor scheduling
Training required
Labour required for
loading/unloading
Same foklifts are used for
different shops
Maintenance
Life of battery
Frequent replacement of
batteries and chargers
Trans axle Engine
Offices Materials
Press BIW
Paint Shop
Assembly Shop
Charging
Station
Comp House
Sub
Stn.
Pump
House
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In the table below, it is clear that 30.6 Kms is covered unnecessarily, by 20 forklifts everyday for charging.
Location
No of forklifts
Total distance for per trip
Extra movement per day per forklift
Total Extra distance in Kilometers for per day
Charging station - Transaxle shop
3
0.4
6 times
7.2
Charging station – Engine
4
0.2
6 times
4.8
Charging station - Press shop
3
0.3
6 times
5.4
Charging station – BIW
4
0.2
5 times
4
Charging station - Paint shop
1
0.2
6 times
1.2
Charging station - Assembly shop
5
0.4
4 times
8
Total
20
38 times
30.6
PROBLEM II UNDERUTILIZATION OF FORKLIFTS: The below table shows that, due to this unplanned activity, the forklifts are falling short of their required trips every day. The forklifts are underutilized.
S.N.
Area
Location
Required Trips per day per shift
Trips per day per shift
1
Transaxle shop
Front of line
30
26
2
Engine shop
EOL to Pallet storage area
55
50
3
Press shop
Press shop to BIW
40
37
4
BIW
EOL to Pallet storage area
100
90
5
Paint shop
Press shop to Weld shop
30
24
6
Assembly Shop
General purpose
40
35
Total
295
262
Preparation of justification, by proper analysis of all options This analysis can be done by three ways. 1. Time 2. Cost 3. Number of persons Time We can save time of all people, associated with material movement and movement with forklifts.
1. Cost
Cost savings can be realized in the following ways
a) Battery cost – We can save 24 Lakhs per year.
b) Overall cost – By saving battery life and through proper maintenance, we can save life of forklifts. And so overall cost will increase.
2. Number of persons
By implementing above solution, we can save large number of manpower. Example
Supervisor
Manpower for maintenance
Manpower for operation
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IV. Conclusion
1. ESM is used effectively to improve productivity of plant operation.
2. Quality of process & quality of work can be improved through properly defining scope of external service provider.
3. By defining value added activities and non-value added essential activities, we can focus on core activities of organization.
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