Improvement of Productivity Using Value Stream Mappingijsrd.com
one of the most appropriate ways to emerge the productivity for the particular area is through Lean Manufacturing. Value stream mapping is that lean manufacturing tool which helps to improve the productivity for the area through its detailed mapping. It is the visualize tool which describes the current state map followed by lean techniques resulting into the final state map that aiming at reduction of the non-value added activities throughout its phase. This paper illustrates the review of VSM techniques and its benefits in machining industry. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the effective utilization of the VSM tools for process and productivity improvements.
Best Manufacturing practice adoptions by Indian IndustriesIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a new model to provide guidance and support for Indian manufacturing companies who aim to reach at global level standards both in maintenance and manufacturing processes through continual improvement. Based on this study, a strategic model was developed through conceptual integration of popular process improvement strategies, which are based on ISO, TQM, TPM , Lean Production, six-sigma & TPM. An attempt was made to analyze and address some major limitations of existing models to pave the way of achieving manufacturing excellence
Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing ...ijtsrd
In competitive environment lean manufacturing is necessary in every industry. Lean production is a standard manufacturing mode of the 21st century All the manufacturing industries have put a continuous efforts for its survival in these current world. In order to handle the critical situations manufacturers are trying to implement new and innovative techniques in their manufacturing process. Later on lean was formulated and developed as the solution to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. Due to rapid change in business environment the manufacturing organization are forced to face challenges and complexities in the competition. The concept of lean manufacturing was developed for maximize the resource utilization and minimize the wastes. The main focus of the lean manufacturing is to satisfy customer demands for high quality and low cost. The technique not only identifies the reasons for waste but also helps in its removal through marked principles and guidelines. Lean Manufacturing is an efficient and fast growing approach in the world of competition. Lean manufacturing utilizes a wide range of tools and techniques the choice of tools is based on the requirement. Many parameters contribute success of lean. Organizations which implemented lean manufacturing have higher level of flexibility and competitiveness. However, lean manufacturing provides an environment that is highly conducive to waste minimization. The majority of the study focuses on single aspect of lean element, only very few focuses on more than one aspect of lean elements, but for the successful implementation of lean the organization had to focuses on all the aspects such as Value Stream Mapping VSM , Cellular Manufacturing CM , U line system, Line Balancing, Inventory control, Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED , Pull System, Kanban, Production Leveling etc., G. K. Kiran Kumar ""Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing Industries: A Review "" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23194.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23194/understanding-the-need-of-implementation-of-lean-techniques-in-manufacturing-industries-a-review-/g-k-kiran-kumar
Improvement of Productivity Using Value Stream Mappingijsrd.com
one of the most appropriate ways to emerge the productivity for the particular area is through Lean Manufacturing. Value stream mapping is that lean manufacturing tool which helps to improve the productivity for the area through its detailed mapping. It is the visualize tool which describes the current state map followed by lean techniques resulting into the final state map that aiming at reduction of the non-value added activities throughout its phase. This paper illustrates the review of VSM techniques and its benefits in machining industry. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the effective utilization of the VSM tools for process and productivity improvements.
Best Manufacturing practice adoptions by Indian IndustriesIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a new model to provide guidance and support for Indian manufacturing companies who aim to reach at global level standards both in maintenance and manufacturing processes through continual improvement. Based on this study, a strategic model was developed through conceptual integration of popular process improvement strategies, which are based on ISO, TQM, TPM , Lean Production, six-sigma & TPM. An attempt was made to analyze and address some major limitations of existing models to pave the way of achieving manufacturing excellence
Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing ...ijtsrd
In competitive environment lean manufacturing is necessary in every industry. Lean production is a standard manufacturing mode of the 21st century All the manufacturing industries have put a continuous efforts for its survival in these current world. In order to handle the critical situations manufacturers are trying to implement new and innovative techniques in their manufacturing process. Later on lean was formulated and developed as the solution to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. Due to rapid change in business environment the manufacturing organization are forced to face challenges and complexities in the competition. The concept of lean manufacturing was developed for maximize the resource utilization and minimize the wastes. The main focus of the lean manufacturing is to satisfy customer demands for high quality and low cost. The technique not only identifies the reasons for waste but also helps in its removal through marked principles and guidelines. Lean Manufacturing is an efficient and fast growing approach in the world of competition. Lean manufacturing utilizes a wide range of tools and techniques the choice of tools is based on the requirement. Many parameters contribute success of lean. Organizations which implemented lean manufacturing have higher level of flexibility and competitiveness. However, lean manufacturing provides an environment that is highly conducive to waste minimization. The majority of the study focuses on single aspect of lean element, only very few focuses on more than one aspect of lean elements, but for the successful implementation of lean the organization had to focuses on all the aspects such as Value Stream Mapping VSM , Cellular Manufacturing CM , U line system, Line Balancing, Inventory control, Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED , Pull System, Kanban, Production Leveling etc., G. K. Kiran Kumar ""Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing Industries: A Review "" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23194.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23194/understanding-the-need-of-implementation-of-lean-techniques-in-manufacturing-industries-a-review-/g-k-kiran-kumar
Performance of Power Loom Textiles: A Resource-based ViewAM Publications
Despite increasing attention paid to the Resource-based View (RBV), there is a dearth of empirical evidence
on the interactions among different RBV performance dimensions and their effect on organizational performance.
This paper examines and to extend the literature, by obtaining an understanding of the link between resources,
capabilities and organizational performance in terms of operational performance, financial performance and non
financial performance by using a survey research in the framework of Resource-based View. The RBV involves the
different performance dimensions such as tangible assets, intangible assets and capabilities. Numerous prior studies
have sought to examine the links between resources and organizational performance in particular efficiency by
secondary data and using quantitative methods.
This paper involved a quantitative examination of the relationship between tangibles assets, intangibles assets
and capabilities and organizational performance of power loom textiles of Maharashtra (India). The primary data of
one hundred and sixty power loom textiles of Maharashtra is collected through questionnaire to examine the
relationship between tangibles assets, intangibles assets and capabilities with the operational performance. It also
examines the relationship between operational performance with the organizational performance. This study finds a
positive relationship between performance dimensions and organizational performance. The hypotheses are developed
in the framework of RBV and tested by using the statistical method.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Experimental Investigation of Capacity Utilization in Manufacturing Indus...IJMER
In the modern day competitive world, every organization demands an effective utilization of
capacity. Capacity Utilization means the maximum amount of output that can be produced in the short run of time. A lot of planning is necessary for the proper management of capacity. Capacity planning is one side of a coin and capacity management is the other. The capacity plans needs to be executed flawlessly, with unpleasant surprises avoided. A managerial problem is to match the capacity with the plans. Companies whether labour or machine intensive have a CI trend that remains fairly constant in
that particular sector. For example a company will have a monthly cumulative CI trend that could be compared with any other company trend within the same market. The present paper makes an attempt to study the most important parameter of the organization i.e capacity utilization of a company
Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Ri...ijtsrd
Productivity improvement is an important issue in small-scale industry. The profit earning of this industry largely depends on productivity improvement. This study shows the way of finding gap of production process and operations. By implementing work study and method study and established new effective process for particular operation, we have to able to increase productivity. Especially this study shows the improvement of productivity in assembly area of E-rickshaw manufacturing industry. The line balancing is the key point to increase productivity to particular products. After line balancing and critical analysis the work content was reduced by 9 minutes. Our proposed method helps to increase productivity to 19.97% with reduction of work content and line balancing. Harshna Gupta | Gaurav Chaudhary | Krishna Mohan Singh | Devendra Kumar | Ashish Malik"Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Rickshaw factory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12969.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/12969/application-of-industrial-engineering-to-increase-the-productivity-of-an-e-rickshaw-factory/harshna-gupta
This paper deals with the applications of optimization principle in optimizing
profits of a production industry using linear programming to examine the production
cost and determine its optimal profit. Linear programming is an operation research
technique which is widely used in finding solutions to managerial decision problems.
However, many enterprises make more use of the trial-and-error method. As such,
firms have been finding it difficult in allocating scarce resources in a manner that will
ensure profit maximization and/or cost minimization.
This paper makse use of secondary data collected from the records of the
Landmark University Bakery on five types of bread produced in the firm which
include Family loaf, sliced family bread, Chocolate loaf, medium size bread, small
size bread. A problem of this nature was identified as a linear programming problem,
formulated in Mathematical terms and solved using AMPL software. The solution
obtained revealed that Landmark bakery unit should concentrate much more in
production of 14,000 loaves of Family loaf and 10,571 loaves of Chocolate bread
while others type should be less produced since their value is turning to zero in order
to achieve a maximum monthly profit of N1,860,000. From the analysis, it was
observed that Family loaf and the Chocolate bread contributed objectively to the
profit. Hence, more of Family loaf and Chocolate bread are needed to be produced
and sold in order to maximize the profit
Periodic Review Model for Determining Inventory Policy for Aircraft Consumabl...Waqas Tariq
This research is conducted to develop inventory policy of aircraft consumable spare parts which are needed on aircraft maintenance activity . In this research, we used periodic review model to determine the optimal policy of aircraft spare parts inventory. By using the periodic review model, we find optimal period of inventory review and maximum level of inventory. The optimal decision is determined based on the minimum total cost. We have classified consumable spare parts using ABC method to categorize them based on their dollar contribution and demand frequency. Therefore in this research, we focus on managing the inventory level for spare parts on class C. The result from this study shows that the proposed periodic review policy result in lower total inventory cost compared the the company policy. The proposed policy gives an average saving 35.38 %.
Performance of Power Loom Textiles: A Resource-based ViewAM Publications
Despite increasing attention paid to the Resource-based View (RBV), there is a dearth of empirical evidence
on the interactions among different RBV performance dimensions and their effect on organizational performance.
This paper examines and to extend the literature, by obtaining an understanding of the link between resources,
capabilities and organizational performance in terms of operational performance, financial performance and non
financial performance by using a survey research in the framework of Resource-based View. The RBV involves the
different performance dimensions such as tangible assets, intangible assets and capabilities. Numerous prior studies
have sought to examine the links between resources and organizational performance in particular efficiency by
secondary data and using quantitative methods.
This paper involved a quantitative examination of the relationship between tangibles assets, intangibles assets
and capabilities and organizational performance of power loom textiles of Maharashtra (India). The primary data of
one hundred and sixty power loom textiles of Maharashtra is collected through questionnaire to examine the
relationship between tangibles assets, intangibles assets and capabilities with the operational performance. It also
examines the relationship between operational performance with the organizational performance. This study finds a
positive relationship between performance dimensions and organizational performance. The hypotheses are developed
in the framework of RBV and tested by using the statistical method.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Experimental Investigation of Capacity Utilization in Manufacturing Indus...IJMER
In the modern day competitive world, every organization demands an effective utilization of
capacity. Capacity Utilization means the maximum amount of output that can be produced in the short run of time. A lot of planning is necessary for the proper management of capacity. Capacity planning is one side of a coin and capacity management is the other. The capacity plans needs to be executed flawlessly, with unpleasant surprises avoided. A managerial problem is to match the capacity with the plans. Companies whether labour or machine intensive have a CI trend that remains fairly constant in
that particular sector. For example a company will have a monthly cumulative CI trend that could be compared with any other company trend within the same market. The present paper makes an attempt to study the most important parameter of the organization i.e capacity utilization of a company
Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Ri...ijtsrd
Productivity improvement is an important issue in small-scale industry. The profit earning of this industry largely depends on productivity improvement. This study shows the way of finding gap of production process and operations. By implementing work study and method study and established new effective process for particular operation, we have to able to increase productivity. Especially this study shows the improvement of productivity in assembly area of E-rickshaw manufacturing industry. The line balancing is the key point to increase productivity to particular products. After line balancing and critical analysis the work content was reduced by 9 minutes. Our proposed method helps to increase productivity to 19.97% with reduction of work content and line balancing. Harshna Gupta | Gaurav Chaudhary | Krishna Mohan Singh | Devendra Kumar | Ashish Malik"Application of Industrial Engineering to increase the productivity of an E-Rickshaw factory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12969.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/12969/application-of-industrial-engineering-to-increase-the-productivity-of-an-e-rickshaw-factory/harshna-gupta
This paper deals with the applications of optimization principle in optimizing
profits of a production industry using linear programming to examine the production
cost and determine its optimal profit. Linear programming is an operation research
technique which is widely used in finding solutions to managerial decision problems.
However, many enterprises make more use of the trial-and-error method. As such,
firms have been finding it difficult in allocating scarce resources in a manner that will
ensure profit maximization and/or cost minimization.
This paper makse use of secondary data collected from the records of the
Landmark University Bakery on five types of bread produced in the firm which
include Family loaf, sliced family bread, Chocolate loaf, medium size bread, small
size bread. A problem of this nature was identified as a linear programming problem,
formulated in Mathematical terms and solved using AMPL software. The solution
obtained revealed that Landmark bakery unit should concentrate much more in
production of 14,000 loaves of Family loaf and 10,571 loaves of Chocolate bread
while others type should be less produced since their value is turning to zero in order
to achieve a maximum monthly profit of N1,860,000. From the analysis, it was
observed that Family loaf and the Chocolate bread contributed objectively to the
profit. Hence, more of Family loaf and Chocolate bread are needed to be produced
and sold in order to maximize the profit
Periodic Review Model for Determining Inventory Policy for Aircraft Consumabl...Waqas Tariq
This research is conducted to develop inventory policy of aircraft consumable spare parts which are needed on aircraft maintenance activity . In this research, we used periodic review model to determine the optimal policy of aircraft spare parts inventory. By using the periodic review model, we find optimal period of inventory review and maximum level of inventory. The optimal decision is determined based on the minimum total cost. We have classified consumable spare parts using ABC method to categorize them based on their dollar contribution and demand frequency. Therefore in this research, we focus on managing the inventory level for spare parts on class C. The result from this study shows that the proposed periodic review policy result in lower total inventory cost compared the the company policy. The proposed policy gives an average saving 35.38 %.
Airports are big campuses, divided into the groups of buildings, separated groups of buildings which
are achieving lots of functions, both integrated and standalone. These campuses are being use by the demands of
the passengers
Advanced manufacturing technology adoption in manufacturing companies in kenyaeSAT Journals
Abstract Over the past few decades, manufacturing has evolved from a more labor-intensive set of mechanical processes to a sophisticated set of information based technology processes. With the existence of various advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), more and more functions or jobs are performed by these machines instead of human labour. This study was undertaken in order to research the extent of AMTs adoption in manufacturing companies in Kenya. In order to investigate a survey was conducted via questionnaires that were sent to 183 selected AMT manufacturing companies in Kenya. 92 companies responded positively. All the surveyed companies were found to have a measure of investment in at least two of the 14 types of AMTs investigated. In general the company surveyed showed that the level of AMT adoption in Kenya is very low with investments levels at a mean of 2.057 and integration levels at a mean of 1.639 in a scale of 1-5. Keywords—AMT adoption, AMT investments, AMT integration, companies in Kenya.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
2. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 –
9390(Online), Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
years, India expects to buy more than 300 passenger planes for its domestic airlines,
while the Indian Air Force plans to buy 126 new warplanes. Aviation analysts expect
India to spend as much as 35-billion dollars on new planes in the next 20 years. At the
same time, India is also exploring the possibility of joint ventures with foreign aircraft
companies. India is expected to emerge as the fastest growing Maintenance Repair
and Overhaul (MRO) market over the next 10 years. To set up a MRO, the
expenditure is estimated to rise from merely $440 million to $1.2 billion in 2017,
exhibiting a CAGR (compounded annual growth rate) of 11.8%,” as per September
2008 report by audit and consultancy firm Ernst and Young India Pvt. Ltd. “Further,
the Indian MRO industry is expected to have the potential to service a fleet of 1,000
commercial and 500 general aviation aircraft by 2020,” as stated by the report,
authored by Kuljith Singh, partner, and Asha Katyal, associate director at E&Y,
added. Globally, MRO is a $40 billion industry and is expected to grow at a CAGR of
5% to $55 billion by 2015, it said. In this scenario, the Indian aircraft industries have
witnessed substantial improvements in recent years.
The impact of these developments on the maintenance and repair market has thus
been deep rooted in India. In order to achieve this market share and compete with the
global counterparts, the industries necessarily need to improve their maintenance
operation while ensuring lower cost and excellent quality. In this direction, the
implementaion of lean philosopohy is highly recommended, in order to identify the
areas generating waste (in the subsequent sections, various industrial wastes have
been documented); Thus, it further facilitates the optimization of maintenance
operation with a minimal investment. Although the underlining theory works on a
broader domain, this paper will be circumscribed to the shop floor by only taking into
account the limitations of space. This research addresses the implementation of lean
philosophy on the maintenance shop floor. The prime objective is to develop different
strategies to eliminate waste by means of work-in progress (WIP), motion time, set-up
time for servicing, motion time, defects, etc. considering the economical needs of the
problem. In this research, we demonstrate how a value stream map can be integrated
to visualize a better picture of the various forms of non-value-added activities present
in the system, and, thereby, reducing the problem of waste. The following sections
illustrate a simple and systematic implementation of lean principles in a maintenance
organisation. The following sections illustrate a simple and systematic implementaion
of lean prctices in an aviation industry.
The rest of the paper is organised in the follwing manner. In secion II we discuss the
pertinent literature reviewed during this research. Section III gives brief idea about the
problem environment. An overview of lean practice is described in section IV. In
section V, we discuss a case study of an aircraft industry. Sebsequently,
implementation procedures in section VI. Section VII concluding remarks with
managerial implications
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In recent years, a number of literatures have extensively documented the
implementation of lean philosophy into various manufacturing sectors. Houshmand
and Jamshidnezhad [6] suggested a hierarchical structure in their research to model
the design process of a lean production system, which consisted of design parameters
and process variables. They also asserted about the generic nature of this architecture.
28
3. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 –
9390(Online), Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
Cagliano [7] made a comparison of the manufacturing performance among lean, agile,
and traditional supply chains. Further, they have taken into account the supply
strategies of European manufacturing firms and concluded that lean and agile
strategies outperform other methods. Shah and Ward [8] studied the effects of three
factors such as plant size, plant age, and unionization status, on the feasibility of
implementing the key facets of lean production systems. They were able to
substantiate a strong support for the influence of plant size on lean implementation.
The results also indicate that lean implementation contributes significantly to the
operating performance of plants. Bamber and Dale [9] described the application of
lean manufacturing to a traditional aerospace manufacturing industry. However, they
revealed that a number of methods of lean production were found to be not as
effective as in the motor manufacturing sector. The main reason is the customer
demand characteristics. Haque and James-Moore [10] applied lean thinking to new
product introduction (NPI). They illustrated that concurrent engineering, so far, is
implemented to improve NPI, but there is a shortfall in improvement. Moreover, they
revealed that this shortfall could be bridged through the implementations of lean
thinking to NPI. Soderquist and Motwani [10] successfully mapped the quality
management concepts of lean production in a French automotive parts supplier
company. They outlined an integrated approach for quality, including managerial
back up, customer relationships, and operations, and, thereby, achieving a competitive
advantage for automotive manufacturers. Pavnaskary [12] proposed a classification
scheme to serve as a link between manufacturing waste and lean manufacturing tools.
The proposed scheme classifies all well-known lean manufacturing tools and metrics.
In addition, it suggests the tools and metrics that will help to meet manufacturing
problems. Detty and Yingling [13] quantified the benefits of conversion into lean
manufacturing with discrete event simulation. The simulation methodology prescribed
by them provides creditable estimates of savings in the shop floor resources while
improving time-based performance statistics. McDonald [14] applied value stream
mapping (VSM) enhanced by simulation in a manufacturing plant. He further strongly
suggested that simulation could be used to enhance the utility of VSM. VSM is
prescribed as part of the lean toolkit and has been applied in a variety of industries.
III. PROBLEM ENVIRONMENT: MAINTENANCE PROCESSES ON
AIRCRAFTS
Maintenance process of aircraft is classified as line maintenance and base
maintenance.
1) Line maintenance: Line maintenance is carried out on aircraft daily
beforeflight, in between the flight and after the last flight of the day. In this
maintenance, serviceability in all the system is checked and any rectification or
replacement of components is carriedout.
2) Base maintenance: Base maintenance is carried out on aircraft in the
Maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) organisation based on calender life or
flying hours. In this maintenance, all the components are removed from aircraft
and base servicing is carriedout on them. After servicing, components are fitted
back on aircraft. Then system functional checks are carried out ensuring their
performances are within the specified limits. Finally, documentations are carried
out before releasing the aircrafts for flying.
29
4. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 –
9390(Online), Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
IV. LEAN PHILOSOPHIES: AN OVERVIEW
During the review of the various literatures, it is observed that researchers and
practitioners of lean manufacturing have already written in large quantities about this
philosophy. Therefore, in this paper, we present a short review of this philosophy.
Lean manufacturing is a philosophy for structuring, operating, controlling, managing,
and continuously improving industrial production systems [13]. This philosophy was
born in the UK during the Second World War [15]; but the real development was
done at the Toyota Motor Company in Japan in the 1950s and was later became as the
Toyota Production System (TPS) [16]. TPS is now a well-established philosophy in
the manufacturing world that really attempts for integrating and shortening the time
between the supplier and the customer by eliminating hidden waste. Some of the
standard tools, like VSM, production smoothing (heijunka), continuous improvement
(kaizen), 5S, single-minute die exchange, total quality management, just-in-time, etc.,
have been conceived by TPS. It is now being widely acknowledged throughout the
world that organizations involved in lean initiatives have attained significant
improvement throughout the work area [17]. In order to become lean, an organization
must implement an integrated approach from the supplier to the customer.
The goal of lean maintenance is to minimize waste in terms of non-value-added
activities, such as waiting time, motion time, set-up time, and WIP inventory, etc.
[18]. Further, waste in a maintenance environment can be defined as any redundant
application of resources that does not add value to the service, i.e., activities for which
the customer is not willing to pay. Namely, few of the maintenance wastes are over-
maintenance, WIP inventory, finished parts inventory, waiting time, inappropriate
processing, unnecessary motion, transportation, defects, etc. In addition, scrap,
unneeded items, old broken tools, and obsolete jigs and fixtures are considered as
waste [16].
30
5. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
Fig.1 Generic process flow diagram in Maintenance of an aircraft
To implement lean principles in any organization, the first step is to identify the
value stream, i.e., all those activities, both value-adding and non-value-adding,
required to manufacture a product, or to provide a specific service, to a customer. The
several activities performed in any organization can be categorized into the following
three types [16]
1) Value-adding activities (VAA): These include all of the activities that the
customer acknowledges as valuable, i.e., for which customer is ready to pay. For
example, removal, and fitment of components, striping of components for servicing,
etc.
2) Non-value-adding activities (NVAA): These include all of the activities that the
customer considers as nonvaluable, either in a manufacturing system or in the service
sector. These are pure wastes and involve unnecessary actions that should be
eliminated completely. Some examples of these are waiting time, double handling,
etc.
3) Necessary but non-value-adding activities (NNVAA):
These include activities that are necessary under the current operating conditions, but
are weighted as nonvaluable by the end user, i.e., the customer. These types of
31
6. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 –
9390(Online), Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
operations are difficult to remove in the short run and, hence, should be targeted in the
long run by making major changes in the operating system. These include activities
like walking long distances to pick up goods and unpacking vendor boxes.
Research carried out at the Lean Enterprise Research Center, Cardiff, UK [19],
concluded that, for a typical physical product environment, 5% of the total activities
were value-adding activities, 60% were non-value-adding activities, and the
remaining 35 % are necessary but nonvalue adding activities. In recent times,
numerous literatures have been documented showing the implementations of VSM
[20]. In brief, VSM is a powerful tool for “seeing” a process, identifying the non-
value adding components and recreating the process as a value stream. The mapping
process employes several standard map symbols that were created for manufacturing
processes. They are usable for the maintenance operation as well. Some of the more
common symbols are shown here in Table 1. VSM can be defined as a pictorial
representation of all of the value-added and non-valueadded activities required to
produce a specific product, service, or combination of products and services to a
customer, including those in the overall supply chain, as well as those in internal
operations, and, thereby, made it easy to recognize the implementation plan.
VSM is an enterprise improvement technique to visualize an entire production
process, representing information and material flow, in order to improve the
production process by identifying waste and its sources [20]. This technique visually
maps the flow of material and information from the time that the raw material enters
into the production line, up to the dockyard as the finished product. In our case,
mapping out the activities in the aircraft maintenance shop floor with servicing time,
down time, WIP inventory, component movements, and information flow paths helps
to conceptualize the current state of the process activities, and, hence, guide us
towards the desired future state.
V. CASE STUDY
The case study considered in this research is from one of the leading aircraft
industries in Bangalore, India. The company manufactures light and micro light
aircrafts. More than 60 of the aircrafts are given to NCC for abinitio training and 15
others for various civil agencies.
It has many series of Cessna aircrafts for charter flight operations. Company has its
own maintenance organization. In the present study, maintenance organization is
selected to illustrate the proposed methodology for implementing lean concepts on
shop floor. Previously, this company implemented many development processes
however; the output achieved was not up to the level. In order to achieve the expected
result we decided to implement lean philosophy.
After intensive and meticulous study of the shop floor, it was observed that the
maintenance operation contains various forms of non-value-adding activities as
follows:
• Frequent inspection of maintenance activities increases maintenance servicing
time.
• Set-up time of components for servicing in the servicing bay always contribute
significantly to the accumulation of unserviceable components.
32
7. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 –
9390(Online), Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
• Shop floor needs a rearrangement of the servicing bay.
• More number of malfunctions observed in the system during functional
checks.
Certainly, all of these factors lead to high maintenance service time. In the existing
conditions, the average servicing time is found to be around 454 man hours and
component malfunctioning after servicing is found to be quite high.
TABLE I GENERAL SYMBOLS TO UNDERSTAND VALUE
STREAM MAPS
Supplier or customer
Shared Process box
Rework Loop
Maintenance time & Value added time
Inventory Point
Inverntory WIP Stagnation
Physical Flow
Time Box
VI. ACCOMPLISHMENT AND RESULTS
In order to implement lean principles a task group was formed with technicians
from different servicing bays. All of them have a wide knowledge and information
pertaining to each component, its servicing procedure and effective planning. The
objective of the operation was to reduce the level of non-value activities present in
any form by implementing the various tools available in the lean tool kit. Thus, it was
decided to first construct the value map in order to visualize the non-value-added
activities.
A. Creating the present state value stream map
To create the present state value stream map, relevant information is collected by
interviewing aircraft technicians on the shop floor. Table 2 summarizes the overall
activities associated with the maintenance servicing of an aircraft. Data applicable to
the servicing of aircraft, such as components removal, component servicing,
functional check, clearing aircraft for air test, and delivering to customer are noted
down. Information related to the component stripping time, assembling time for each
component, inventory storage points, inspections, rework loops, set-up time for
servicing, number of workers, and operational hours per day, are also collected, and
documented properly. To complete the value map, a time line is added at the bottom
33
8. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 –
9390(Online), Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
of the map recording the servicing time and the value-added time. Eventually, the
value stream map for the present state is created as shown in Fig. 2.
As observed from the value map, various value-added activities present in the
servicing line are identified and quantified in time, as shown in Table 3. It is found
that about 155 hours, or 36.52% out of 454 hours, were value-added activities,
compared to 299 hours or 65.85% of non value- added activities. The following sub-
sections describe a strategic and integrated approach adopted to reduce the
Maintenance
Control
CcCusto
Customer
Cu
Customer
mer
Shop Floor
Supervision
Handing
over to
customer
Maint.time
454 hrs.
Value
added time
155hrs
aforementioned non-value-added activities.
Fig.2 Current value stream map
B. Reducing production lead time
Reducing the time required for servicing of an aircraft in the maintenance operation is a
continuous improvement process. While addressing the problem at maintenance organization, the
total servicing time of aircraft for the existing conditions was first calculated. The various functions
associated with servicing time are identified separately and different practical strategies are adopted
for improvement. In general, the various functions associated with the servicing time of any
maintenance process are illustrated in Fig. 3. Further, the strategies that are adopted to reduce
servicing time are demonstrated in Fig. 4. The following sub-sections illustrate the strategies that
are implemented to reduce the servicing time.
34
9. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
Maintenance Time
Maintenance process
Queue Time Before
Maintenance time
Motion time
time after
servicing
Waiting
Set up
starts
time
Fig.3.Components of servicing time
TABLE 2 A COMMON SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON THE MAINTENANCE
HANGAR SHOP FLOOR.
State Operation Sequence Equipment
Number
1. Aircraft Induction for Maintenance
2. Jacking up Jacks
3. De-Panneling Mechanical &Pneumatic tools
4. Components Removal Special Tools and Jigs
5. Components Servicing Jigs and Servicing plant
6. Micrometry Check NDT equipments
7. Damaged parts replacement Tools for fitment
8. Components fitment Special tools and Wrenches
9. System Functional Check System servicing trolleys and Testers
10. Engine pull performance ground Ground testing trolleys and engine testers
11. run
Panneling & Documentation Mechanical &Pneumatic tools
12. Painting & Marking Pneumatic Painting gun
13. Preparing the aircraft for Air Test General tools and Charging trolleys
14. First Air Test
15. Snag rectification if any Required rectification tools and testers
16. Final Air Test
17. Documentation & Handing over to
Customer
C. Reducing number of induction
Lean principles aim for components after servicing to move in the servicing bay in the smallest
batch sizes possible so that works in process between processing stages can be minimized. It is
observd that a smaller batch size always results in a lower waiting time for servicing. If the waiting
time is less, non-value added time will be minimized and value added time will be increased.
However, reducing the number of components induction for servicing increases the motion time. In
our case, intensive experimenting has been performed to develop a transaction between the waiting
35
10. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
time and motion time, and it is decided to reduce the number of components to one third of the
existing batch size.
D. Reducing set-up time for servicing
After a detailed study and analysis of the standard routine sheet and thorough investigation on the
shop floor, it was found that the set-up time for servicing contributes significantly to the servicing
time. The set-up time for servicing at each workstation is measured and documented as shown in
Table 5. The total set-up time of all of the work stations involved in the process is found to be
approximately 51 hours. In order to reduce the total set-up time, various strategies such as problem
identification, data documentation, motion and time study, improvements made, operation sheet
review and continuous monitoring are adopted
Initiatives taken:
• Standard routine sheet is prepared.
• Storage area for ground equipments such as lifting jacks, jigs, servicing trolleys, tool crib,
testers and fixtures is rearranged to facilitate quicker movement
• Jigs and fixtures are redesigned to facilitate better functioning.
• Stringent monitoring is done and improvement opportunities are addressed in time.
• Wherever possible, manual operations are mechanized; for example, lightweight attachments
are developed to handle the heavy set ups eventually, after implementing the above steps,
the total set-up time is reduced to 36 hours, as shown in Table 5.
E.Other improvements through lean initiatives
Other improvements noted after implementing lean principles include:
• In a major re-arrangement of the shop floor, the filter-servicing bay is directly integrated
with the main servicing hangar and thus, a huge saving is made possible, both in terms of
motion and in terms of time. The average travel distance is reduced from 20m to 5m.The
proposed shop layout promises a 24% reduction in the shop floor area, thus, it both saves
land space and enhances future scope for extension.
TABLE 3 CURRENT STATE OF VALUE STREAM ANALYSIS REPORT
Activity Time in Hours Value added.
Aircraft acceptance check during induction 30 No
Testing and inspection 30 No
Jacking up 35 Yes
Component removal 35 Yes
Moving components to servicing bay 4 No
Setting up the components for servicing 4 No
Servicing the components 48 Yes
Testing component serviceability 14 No
Painting and marking of the components 4 No
Completing servicing documents 4 No
Moving the component to fit in the aircraft 4 No
Paint removal and micrometry inspection on aircraft structure 40 No
36
11. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
Replacement and repairing of the structure 35 Yes
Component fitment 50 No
System serviceability check by functional check 42 No
Preparing the aircraft for first Air Test 25 No
Rectification of snag after Air Test 25 No
Painting and marking of the aircraft 15 No
Final Air test 08 No
Handing over aircraft to customer 02 Yes
F. Creating the future state value map
Finally, the future state value stream map is created as shown in Fig. 5, which reported a
considerable depletion in non-value-added time. A drastic reduction in WIP inventory is also
observed. Furthermore, the servicing time is reduced to 390 hours as illustrated in Fig. 5. Table. 4
outlines the value stream analysis report for the future state. It is found that about 136 hours, or
34.48% out of 390 hours, were value added activities compared to 254 hours or 65.12% of non-
value-added activities. Comparing the value maps, it can be concluded that a 45-hours reduction in
non-value-added activities is achieved. Figure 6 depicts the various benefits made after the
implementation of lean strategies.
Reducing Maintenance time
Reduce Inspection time Reduce Reduce waiting time
transportation time
Reduce number of Standardize work
induction
Reduce set-up time for Reduce servicing time
Keep all supporting
Servicing
equipments near to servicing
point
Reduce number of induction Single unit servicing
Reduce internal set-up Use suitable servicing
time for servicing trolleys & testers
Multi function Rearrange servicing bay lay
worker out
Fig.4. Schematic diagram for servicing time reduction
37
12. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
TABLE 4 FUTURE STATE VALUE STREAM ANALYSIS REPORT
Activity Time in Hours Value added.
Aircraft acceptance check during induction 25 No
Testing and inspection 27 No
Jacking up 30 Yes
Component removal 30 Yes
Moving components to servicing bay 4 No
Setting up the components for servicing 4 No
Servicing the components 42 Yes
Testing component serviceability 10 No
Painting and marking of the components 3 No
Completing servicing documents 3 No
Moving the component to fit in the aircraft 3 No
Paint removal and micrometry inspection on aircraft 28 No
structure
Replacement and repairing of the structure 32 Yes
Component fitment 40 No
System serviceability check by functional check 38 No
Preparing the aircraft for first Air Test 23 No
Rectification of snag after Air Test 23 No
Painting and marking of the aircraft 15 No
Final Air test 08 No
Handing over aircraft to customer 02 Yes
38
13. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
Maintenance
Control
Customer Customer
Shop Floor
Supervision
Reduced set-
Reduced up time for
rework time servicing
Handing
over to
customer
Maint. Time
390 hrs.
Value added
Fig.5. Future value stream map time 136 hrs.
TABLE. 5 SET-UP TIME BEFORE AND AFTER IMPROVEMENT
State Work Station Set-up time Set-up time (Hrs.) after
Number (Hrs.)before improvements
improvements
1. W-1 05 03
2. W-2 03 03
3. W-3 07 05
4. W-4 04 03
5. W-5 06 05
6. W-6 04 02
7. W-7 04 02
8. W-8 08 06
9. W-9 06 05
10. W-10 04 02
Total set-up time 51Hrs. 36Hrs.
39
14. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
Fig.6 Percentage improvement in various non-value added activities
1. % Reduction in set-up time for servicing
2. % Reduction in cycle time
3. % Reduction in man power
4. % Reduction in maintenance cost
5. % Reduction in WIP
6. % Reduction in shop floor area
7. % Improvement in number of aircrafts serviced
VII. CONCLUDING REMARKS WITH MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS
This research carries evidence of genuine advantages when applying lean principles to the
aircraft-servicing shop floor. Due to increased quality, servicing expected by the customer and
fierce global competition, the Indian aircraft maintenance organizations are desperately trying to
improve effective servicing at lower cost and retain excellent service quality. Under these
circumstances, the authors have implemented lean philosophy to improve the servicing environment
with moderate investment. In this paper, the effectiveness of lean principles is demonstrated in a
systematic manner with the help of lean tool, such as value stream maps.
However, the complete success of the application of lean philosophy in the long run depends on
close cooperation between the shop floor personnel and the management. Senior management
should use metrics to hold people accountable. Instilling proper organizational values, employee
empowerment systems, continuous improvement programs, and setting up a consistent organization
structure, as well as installing effective management information systems are essential. If these
management principles are not fully adopted in conjunction with the factory floor principles, the
lean system will not achieve the benefits quantified in this study.
REFERENCES
1. Morgan J and J.K. Liker. ‘The Toyota product Development system: Integrating
people, process and Technology, New York. Productivity press 2006.
2. T.Ohno, Toyota production system, Beyond largescale production, productivity press1988
pp.2529
3. M. Poppendieck, Principles of LEAN Thinking, Onward-17th Annual ACM Conference on
Object-Oriented Programming, Sys. Languages and Applications, Washington 2002.
4. Womack J.P and D.T. ‘Lean Thinking’, Simon and Schuster ( 1996)
5. Womack J.P, Jones DT, Roos D (1990) The machine that changed the world,
Machmillan, New York.
40
15. Journal of Management Research and Development (JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 937X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9390(Online),
Volume 1, Number 1, January - December (2011)
6. Houshmand M, Jamshidnezhad B (2006) An extended model of design process of lean
production systems by means of process variables. Robot Comput Integr Manuf
22(1):1–16
7. Cagliano R, Caniato F, and Spina G (2004) Lean, agile and traditional supply: how do
they impact manufacturing performance? J Purch Supp Manage 10(4–5):151–164
8. Shah R, Ward PT (2003) Lean manufacturing: context, practice bundles, and
performance. J Oper Manage 21(2):129–149
9. Bamber L, Dale BG (2000) Lean production: a study of application in a traditional
manufacturing environment. Prod Plan Control 11(3):291–298
10. Haque B, James-Moore M (2004) Applying lean thinking to new product
introduction. Int J Eng Design 15(1):1–31
11. Soderquist K, Motwani J (1999) Quality issues in lean production implementation: a
case study of a French automotive supplier. Total Qual Manage 10(8):1107– 1122
12. Pavnaskary SJ, Gershenson JK, Jambekar AB (2003) Classification scheme for lean
manufacturing tools. Int J Prod Res 41(13):3075–3090
13. Detty RB, Yingling JC (2000) Quantifying benefits of conversion to lean
manufacturing with discrete event simulation: a case study. Int J Prod Res 38(2):429–445
14. McDonald T, Van Aken EM, Rentes AF (2002) Utilising simulation to enhance
value stream mapping: a manufacturing case application. Int J Logist: Res Appl
5(2):213–232
15. Childerhouse P, Disney SM, Towill DR (2000) Speeding up the progress
curve towards effective supply chain management. Int J Supply Chain Man
5(3/4):176–186
16. Monden Y (1998) Toyota Production System: an integrated approach to just-in-time,
3rd edn. Engineering and Management Press, Norcross, Georgia
17. Fleischer M, Liker JK (1997) Concurrent engineering effectiveness: integrating
product development across organizations. Hanser Gardner, Cincinnati, Ohio
18. [Liker JK (1998) Becoming lean. Productivity Press, Portland, Oregon
19. Hines P, Taylor DH (2000) Going lean: a guide to implementation. Lean Enterprise
Research Center, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
20. Rother M, Shook J (1999) Learning to see: value stream mapping to add value and
eliminate muda. The Lean Enterprise Institute, Brookline, Massachusetts
41