The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & ProductivityIJMER
Abstract: The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
Logistical System of Toyota automobile corporation which includes their main company details, marketing strategies, Supply chain management, distribution, suppliers and inventory methods.
MBA Project report on Just In Time Management - Final Report
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the Just-In-Time system, the advantages and disadvantages of the system and how it would benefit AG & Z. The Just-In-Time (JIT) system is a process where goods are ordered as required, as opposed to the currently used batch processing system where goods are made in bulk and stored in warehouses until sold. The Just-In-Time system was initially developed to not only cut down the amount of waste produced by other systems, which was seen as incurring unnecessary costs rather than adding value to the company, but to also meet customer demands with minimum delays. It has been found that when implemented correctly the JIT system can benefit the company in numerous ways.
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & ProductivityIJMER
Abstract: The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
Logistical System of Toyota automobile corporation which includes their main company details, marketing strategies, Supply chain management, distribution, suppliers and inventory methods.
MBA Project report on Just In Time Management - Final Report
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the Just-In-Time system, the advantages and disadvantages of the system and how it would benefit AG & Z. The Just-In-Time (JIT) system is a process where goods are ordered as required, as opposed to the currently used batch processing system where goods are made in bulk and stored in warehouses until sold. The Just-In-Time system was initially developed to not only cut down the amount of waste produced by other systems, which was seen as incurring unnecessary costs rather than adding value to the company, but to also meet customer demands with minimum delays. It has been found that when implemented correctly the JIT system can benefit the company in numerous ways.
A study on improvement activities for indian manufacturing industrieseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents findings of an extensive survey of Indian manufacturing industries. The survey encompassed three sectors: Four Wheeler Automobile Industries, Two Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries. Various Improvement Activities such as Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System and Advance Management System have been identified and assessed the degree of investment in Improvement Activities in Indian manufacturing environment. Their sub classifications are also made. Sector wise comparisons of these Improvement Activities are provided. Correlation is also made between the various Improvement Activities. Our results showed that most of the Indian industries are still emphasizing Advanced Management Systems. Four Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. However Two Wheeler Automobile Industries are investing more on Activity Based Costing. But, in overall sector it is observed from data analysis that all sectors are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. Key words: Improvement activities, Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System, Advance Management System.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Advanced manufacturing technology adoption in manufacturing companies in kenyaeSAT Journals
Abstract Over the past few decades, manufacturing has evolved from a more labor-intensive set of mechanical processes to a sophisticated set of information based technology processes. With the existence of various advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), more and more functions or jobs are performed by these machines instead of human labour. This study was undertaken in order to research the extent of AMTs adoption in manufacturing companies in Kenya. In order to investigate a survey was conducted via questionnaires that were sent to 183 selected AMT manufacturing companies in Kenya. 92 companies responded positively. All the surveyed companies were found to have a measure of investment in at least two of the 14 types of AMTs investigated. In general the company surveyed showed that the level of AMT adoption in Kenya is very low with investments levels at a mean of 2.057 and integration levels at a mean of 1.639 in a scale of 1-5. Keywords—AMT adoption, AMT investments, AMT integration, companies in Kenya.
The presentation is about Management Control System at Toyota. The presentation briefly covers the various techniques developed by Toyota with reference to the "Toyota House Diagram".
JIT, Kanban, Kaizen, Muda in TPS (Toyota Production System)Abdul Qadir Master
Prepared by Abdul Qadir, for Proj Procurement and Contracts Subject taken by Sir Usman Khalid, if anyone needs its report in document form can approach me at abdulqadirmail@gmail.com
Electric Load Forecasting Using Genetic Algorithm – A Review IJMER
Many real-world problems from operations research and management science are very
complex in nature and quite hard to solve by conventional optimization techniques. So, intelligent
solutions based on genetic algorithm (GA), to solve these complicated practical problems in various
sectors are becoming more and more widespread nowadays. GAs are being developed and deployed
worldwide in myriad applications, mainly because of their symbolic reasoning, flexibility and
explanation capabilities.
This paper provides an overview of GAs, as well as their current use in the field of electric load
forecasting. The types of GA are outlined, leading to a discussion of the various types and parameters of
load forecasting. The paper concludes by sharing thoughts and estimations on GA for load forecasting
for future prospects in this area. This review reveals that although still regarded as a novel
methodology, GA technologies are shown to have matured to the point of offering real practical benefits
in many of their applications.
Cost Analysis of Small Scale Solar and Wind Energy SystemsIJMER
Abstract: The recent dramatic increase in the use of
renewable energy systems leading towards competitive
markets within the various individual renewable energy
systems. The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis
i.e. in next few years, when the cost of the solar PV
modules come down below 1$ per Watt, small wind
turbines become more costlier because of the cost of
structures required to support the wind generator. And
also if the threat from the market is not addressed both
technically and commercially, small wind turbine
manufactures will lose the competition to solar PV module
manufactures in the near visible future. Objective of this
paper is to do cost analysis on the industry data and prove
hypothesis and to arrive at the cutoff point, where after the
generating energy from the wind is not economically
feasible. With this cost analysis, author here by alarm for
the small scale wind turbine manufactures to take
necessary measures to survive the competitive markets of
small scale renewable energy systems.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar PV, Wind Turbine, Curve Fitting, Cost analysis.
A study on improvement activities for indian manufacturing industrieseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents findings of an extensive survey of Indian manufacturing industries. The survey encompassed three sectors: Four Wheeler Automobile Industries, Two Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries. Various Improvement Activities such as Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System and Advance Management System have been identified and assessed the degree of investment in Improvement Activities in Indian manufacturing environment. Their sub classifications are also made. Sector wise comparisons of these Improvement Activities are provided. Correlation is also made between the various Improvement Activities. Our results showed that most of the Indian industries are still emphasizing Advanced Management Systems. Four Wheeler Automobile Industries and General Manufacturing Industries are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. However Two Wheeler Automobile Industries are investing more on Activity Based Costing. But, in overall sector it is observed from data analysis that all sectors are emphasizing on Total Quality Management. Key words: Improvement activities, Advance Manufacturing Technology, Integrated Information System, Advance Management System.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Advanced manufacturing technology adoption in manufacturing companies in kenyaeSAT Journals
Abstract Over the past few decades, manufacturing has evolved from a more labor-intensive set of mechanical processes to a sophisticated set of information based technology processes. With the existence of various advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), more and more functions or jobs are performed by these machines instead of human labour. This study was undertaken in order to research the extent of AMTs adoption in manufacturing companies in Kenya. In order to investigate a survey was conducted via questionnaires that were sent to 183 selected AMT manufacturing companies in Kenya. 92 companies responded positively. All the surveyed companies were found to have a measure of investment in at least two of the 14 types of AMTs investigated. In general the company surveyed showed that the level of AMT adoption in Kenya is very low with investments levels at a mean of 2.057 and integration levels at a mean of 1.639 in a scale of 1-5. Keywords—AMT adoption, AMT investments, AMT integration, companies in Kenya.
The presentation is about Management Control System at Toyota. The presentation briefly covers the various techniques developed by Toyota with reference to the "Toyota House Diagram".
JIT, Kanban, Kaizen, Muda in TPS (Toyota Production System)Abdul Qadir Master
Prepared by Abdul Qadir, for Proj Procurement and Contracts Subject taken by Sir Usman Khalid, if anyone needs its report in document form can approach me at abdulqadirmail@gmail.com
Electric Load Forecasting Using Genetic Algorithm – A Review IJMER
Many real-world problems from operations research and management science are very
complex in nature and quite hard to solve by conventional optimization techniques. So, intelligent
solutions based on genetic algorithm (GA), to solve these complicated practical problems in various
sectors are becoming more and more widespread nowadays. GAs are being developed and deployed
worldwide in myriad applications, mainly because of their symbolic reasoning, flexibility and
explanation capabilities.
This paper provides an overview of GAs, as well as their current use in the field of electric load
forecasting. The types of GA are outlined, leading to a discussion of the various types and parameters of
load forecasting. The paper concludes by sharing thoughts and estimations on GA for load forecasting
for future prospects in this area. This review reveals that although still regarded as a novel
methodology, GA technologies are shown to have matured to the point of offering real practical benefits
in many of their applications.
Cost Analysis of Small Scale Solar and Wind Energy SystemsIJMER
Abstract: The recent dramatic increase in the use of
renewable energy systems leading towards competitive
markets within the various individual renewable energy
systems. The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis
i.e. in next few years, when the cost of the solar PV
modules come down below 1$ per Watt, small wind
turbines become more costlier because of the cost of
structures required to support the wind generator. And
also if the threat from the market is not addressed both
technically and commercially, small wind turbine
manufactures will lose the competition to solar PV module
manufactures in the near visible future. Objective of this
paper is to do cost analysis on the industry data and prove
hypothesis and to arrive at the cutoff point, where after the
generating energy from the wind is not economically
feasible. With this cost analysis, author here by alarm for
the small scale wind turbine manufactures to take
necessary measures to survive the competitive markets of
small scale renewable energy systems.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar PV, Wind Turbine, Curve Fitting, Cost analysis.
Narrating Fantasy in the Novel Pratimayum Rajakumariyum (The Statue and the P...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of High Carbon St...IJMER
The present work includes study effect of V notch shape with various angle orientation and
depths on fatigue life behavior in steel beam made of High Carbon Steel alloy AISI 1078 which has a wide
application in industry. Fatigue life of notched specimens is calculated using the fatigue life obtained from
the experiments for smooth specimens (reference) and by use Numerical method (FEA).The fatigue
experiments were carried out at room temperature, applying a fully reversed cyclic load with the
frequency of 50 Hz and mean stress equal to zero (R= -1), on a cantilever rotating-bending fatigue testing
machine. The stress ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. Different instruments have been
used in this investigation like Chemical composition analyzer , Tensile universal testing machine
,Hardness tester , Fatigue testing machine and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results show
that there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works
A Chord based Service Discovery Approach for Peer- to- Peer NetworksIJMER
The limitations of client- server systems become evident in the large scale distributed
environments. Peer to peer (P2P networks can be used for improving communication process, optimizing
resources discovery/localization, facilitating distributed information exchange. P2P applications need to
discover and locate efficiently the node that provides the requested and targeted service. This paper
proposes an approach called Chord4S, a Chord-based decentralized service discovery approach that
supports service description distribution and discovery in a P2P manner. The main aim of designing
Chord4S approach is to largely improve the availability of service descriptions in volatile environments
by distributing descriptions of functionally equivalent services to different successor nodes. Two main
features of Chord4S approach are to support service discovery with wildcard(s) and QoS awareness.
Furthermore, Chord4S approach extends Chord’s original routing protocol to support the discovery of
multiple functionally equivalent services at different successor nodes with one query, which is necessary
for negotiation of a Service Level Agreement and selection of optimal service providers
A Novel Data mining Technique to Discover Patterns from Huge Text CorpusIJMER
Today, we have far more information than we can handle: from business transactions and scientific
data, to satellite pictures, text reports and military intelligence. Information retrieval is simply not enough
anymore for decision-making. Confronted with huge collections of data, we have now created new needs to
help us make better managerial choices. These needs are automatic summarization of data, extraction of the
"essence" of information stored, and the discovery of patterns in raw data. With this, Data mining with
inventory pattern came into existence and got popularized. Data mining finds these patterns and relationships
using data analysis tools and techniques to build models.
Anaerobic Digestion of Vinasse cane alcohol: The influence of OLR by a UASB ...IJMER
An Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor was used to study the treatment of distillery
effluent. Vinasse was used to feed the reactor, although its Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
concentration varied during the experiment, the volume utilized to feed the reactor was adjusted to
maintain constant Organic Load Rate (OLR). The UASB reactor was operated with OLR 1, 2, 4 and 6
gCOD/Ld. Removal efficiencies of 76,64,63 and 51% respectively were observed. The reactor responded
with progressive decreases of efficiency with each increase of OLR, the total mass removed increased.
An average biogas production of 1.400, 1.872, 2.17 and 2.172 L to each OLR of 1, 2, 4 and 6 gCOD/Ld,
respectively was observed. The methane content in biogas was 63, 68, 86 and 89% each OLR tested.
Methane production is also followed with values of .892 L to OLR 1 gCOD/Ld, 1.264 L to OLR 2
gCOD/Ld, 1.876 L to OLR 4 gCOD/Ld and 2.900 L to OLR 6 gCOD/Ld.
The UASB reactor operating in continuous mode, it was necessary to evaluate the best conditions for
this type of waste. The treatment of distillery effluents using a UASB reactor is feasible and is an
alternative to treat these wastes in the alcohol industries
Now knowledge pre-processing, model and reasoning issues, power metrics, quality
issues, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and on-line change is best challenge.
In this paper Neural Network based forecasting of stock prices of selected sectors under Bombay
Stock Exchange show that neural networks have the power to predict prices albeit the volatility in the
markets[9]. The motivation for the development of neural network technology stemmed from the
desire to develop an artificial system that could perform “intelligent" tasks similar to those performed
by the human brain. Artificial Neural Networks are being counted as the wave of the future in
computing. They are indeed self-learning mechanisms which don’t require the traditional skills of a
programmer. Back propagation is one of the approaches to implement concept of neural networks.
Back propagation is a form of supervised learning for multi-layer nets. Error data at the output layer
is back propagated to earlier ones, allowing incoming weights to these layers to be updated. It is most
often used as training algorithm in current neural network applications. In this paper, we apply data
mining technology to stock market in order to research the trend of price; it aims to predict the future
trend of the stock market and the fluctuation of price. This paper points out the shortage that exists in
current traditional statistical analysis in the stock, then makes use of BP neural network algorithm to
predict the stock market by establishing a three-tier structure of the neural network, namely input
layer, hidden layer and output layer. Finally, we get a better predictive model to improve forecast
accuracy
MANUFACTURING LEAD TIME REDUCTION IN A SCAFFOLD MAKING INDUSTRY USING LEAN MA...IAEME Publication
The lean manufacturing techniques are used to improve the industrial benefits by reducing the wastages. Wastages mean the non-value adding processes or works. This study focus on how lean manufacturing techniques are used to reduce the manufacturing lead time of a scaffold manufacturing company. To obtain this, there is a wide variety of lean manufacturing techniques used, such as value stream mapping, 5S housekeeping tool, SMED and kaizen. Even though the main objective is to reduce lead time, there are also other objectives like increase in productivity, increase in quality, improvement in meeting the customer demands, improvement in on-time delivery, improvement in customer satisfaction, and machine utilization with reduction in wastages, inventory, huge material handling, and idle time, down time, setup time, space consumption and labor cost. Instead of investing huge amount in new machines to increase the working efficiency, it is much better to adopt these Lean techniques at this demonetized condition of India.
Application of Statistical Quality Tools in the Root Cause Analysis of Indust...AM Publications
The primary objective of this paper is to define and illustrate several quality issues that are commonly faced by the automotive sector in India, and offer potential corrective measures to these problems using specific statistical quality control tools. While the organised automotive sector has been highly successful over the past two decades, advancement and improvement in the automotive sector have been hindered by a variety of issues related to the quality of their products and services. This sector is crucial to the development of the Indian economy and plays an instrumental role in the supply chain of the major players in the industry. The paper provides a comprehensive review and illustration of the causes attributed to the inefficiency of the sector, and potential solutions to these issues, thereby enabling them to ascend to the standards of organised service sectors.
This power point slide is all about the contemporary trends in quality engineering and management.every one should have a knowledge about the quality engineering in a 21st century.quality gives you more success in life.i had been giving you some techniques use in quality engineering program for a business purpose.
developing an automobile finance system and how it is useful for the company as well as customers. it leads to a case study of what problems Maruti faced in its initial stages.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss.11| Nov. 2014 | 66|
Trough External Service Management Improve Quality &
Productivity
Amit Bisen1
, Imtiyaz Khan2
, M.K. Ghosh3,
Nandkishor Prajapti4
1
M. Tech. Scholar, IE & M, MIT Mandsaur-458001,
2
Senior Lecturer, Department of ME, MIT Mandsaur-458001,
3
Professor, Department of ME, MIT Mandsaur-458001,
4
Lecturer, Department of ME, MIT Mandsaur-458001,
I. Introduction
1.1. Introduction of organization
Tata Technologies Ltd (TTL) is the only specialist organization of its kind able to serve its clients with
a global delivery model for Engineering Services Expertise in end-to-end automotive platform
conceptualization, design & engineering. It works with every major automotive OEM (ORIGINAL
EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING) in the world and over 200 manufacturing companies.
The service offerings of TTL include:
1. Product Design, Analysis and Production Engineering
2. Plant Automation and Manufacturing Execution System
3. Embedded System
4. Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE)
5. Product Life cycle Management
6. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Solution
7. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Solution
Tata Technologies is a fully owned subsidiary of TML and handles all of its Engineering and
Information Technology (IT) services in the present business. TTL is an important stakeholder in its new
projects and will play a lead role in the areas of plant Automation and Manufacturing Execution System for
those projects. TTL members will be part of the project team during the life cycle of the implementation and
would be responsible thereafter for the support services.
II. Tata Motors Ltd. (TML)
Tata Motors Limited is India‟s largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 32,426 Crores (USD
7.2 Billion) in 2006-07. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and the second largest in the
passenger vehicles market with winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The
Company is the world‟s fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer, and the world‟s
second largest medium and heavy bus manufacturer.
Established in 1945, Tata Motors presence indeed 1 million passenger cars cuts across the length and
breadth of India. 4 Million Tata vehicles play on Indian roads, since the first rolled out in 1954. The Company‟s
manufacturing base is spread across Jamshedpur, Pune and Lucknow and Pantnagar (Uttarakhand); it has set up
an industrial joint venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and
Abstract: The challenges in Small car project, necessitated improvements in quality and productivity,
right from day one of implementation of project. Detailed studies on external management services,
manufacturing process, various departments involved, and procedures followed were done, and
problems in the existing system were identified and solutions were provided. The object of this paper is to
investigate methods of measuring performance. The subject of this paper is the process of implementing
methods to increase productivity. Methods (procedures) of the study. Pattern during the writing of this
work was used by scientist’s articles information about the measurement and implementation of systems
productivity. Since this work was written with the use of different methods and examples, not all of them
before writing the work were known to me, I want to present a certain part to improve the productivity of
some companies in my country.
Keywords: Outsourcing of services reduces unemployment, increases productivity and job creation.
2. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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Tata cars and Fiat power trains. The nation – wide dealership, sales and services and spare parts network
comprises over 3500 touch points. The company also has a strong auto finance operation, Tata Motor Finance,
for supporting customers to purchase Tata Motors vehicles.
1.2. Introduction of new project
Tata Motors‟ plant for the Tata Nano at Sanand, located in the Ahmadabad district of Gujarat. The
capacity of the plant, to begin with, will be 250,000 cars per year to be achieved in phases, and with some
balancing is expandable up to 350,000 cars per year. Provision for further capacity expansion has also been
incorporated in this location. Built in a record time of 14 months starting November 2008, the integrated facility
comprises Tata Motors‟ own plant, spread over 725 acres and an adjacent vendor park, spread over 375 acres, to
house key component manufacturers for the Tata Nano.
As part of process planning various systems are developed as under-
1. Logistics Planning (Inbound & Out bounding activities)
2. Training school
3. Safety
4. Recruitment
5. Tooling (Metrology & others)
6. Contract (External Services)
7. LCA (Low Cost Automation)
8. MES ( Manufacturing Execution System)
9. 3P (Production Preparation Process)
10. TPM (Total Productive Maintenance)
11. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation
1.3. Organization structure
Fig.1 Organization Structure
1.4 Introduction of productivity and quality
DEFINITION OF PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity is a measure relating a quantity or quality of output to the inputs required to produce it.
OR
The amount of output per unit of input (labor, equipment and capital). There are many different ways of
measuring productivity. For example, in a factory productivity might be measured based on the number of hours
it takes to produce a good, while in the service sector productivity might be measured based on the revenue
generated by an employee divided by his / her salary.
DEFINITION OF QUALITY
Quality in everyday life and business, engineering and manufacturing has a pragmatic interpretation as
the non-inferiority, superiority or usefulness of something. This is the most common interpretation of the term.
The meaning for the term „QUALITY‟ has developed over time. Various interpretations are given below:
1. ISO 9000 – Degree to which a set of inherent characteristic fulfills requirements.
2. Joseph M Juran – “Fitness for use”. Fitness is defined by the customer.
3. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT CYCLE – A quality improvement cycle is a planned sequence of
systematic and documented activities aimed at improving a process.
3. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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Improvement can be done in two ways –
1. By improving the process itself and / or
2. By improving the outcomes of the process
1.5 Automotive manufacturing process of car
The main activities are carried out in production process are -
There are many activities which directly or indirectly affect on manufacturing of a product. The
activities which directly affect are called value added activities. And those activities which are not directly
involved in manufacturing of a product but indirectly affect on a product and mainly product cost.
Product Manufacturing Cost = (Material Cost + Processing Cost + Over Head Cost + Others)
Where, Over Head Costs are
1. Electricity
2. Telephone
3. Services etc,
And
So, if Over Head Cost will reduce then Product manufacturing Cost will decrease and If Product manufacturing
Cost will reduce then profit will increase.
So these activities are more essential for a product. These activities called non value added activities.
VALUE ADDED ACTIVITIES NON - VALUE ADDED ACTIVITIES
1. Material required for vehicle manufacturing
2. Design of product
3. Machine requirement
4. Customer requirements (Market study and
advertisement)
5. Training to labors
6. Product development
7. Human Resource
8. Production process
A) TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
1. Material Handling / Movement and storage
2. Mechanical ARC (Annual Rate Contract)–
Fabrication contract, machine errection and
commissioning
3. Electrical ARC
4. Annual maintenance contract (For machineries
equipments
B) NON–TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
1. Conservancy – total
2. Security – Plant
3. Canteen and pantry services
My scope of work is „Standardize the document‟ in different ACTIVITIES of ESM (EXTERNAL SERVICE
PRESS SHOP PRESS PANELS WELD SHOP BIW
(BODY IN WHITE)
WELDED
BODY
PAINT SHOPTCF (TRIM
CHASSIS FINAL)
LINE
DESPETCH TO
CUSTOMER
ENGINE
SHOP
Profit = Selling – Manufacturing Cost
4. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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MANAGEMENT
Introduction of ESM (External Service Management) Planning
MM External Service Management (MM ESM) is an application component within the materials
management (MM) module. It provides a basic process for the procurement of externally performed services. It
supports the complete cycle of purchase requisition, RFQ & quotation maintenance, purchase order creation for
services, acceptance of Services through Service entry sheet, as well as the invoice verification process. MM
External Services Management is completely integrated into the Materials Management system.
The basic process comprises the following functionality:
Service Master Records
In which descriptions of all services that may need to procure can be stored. The master data for the
procurement of services can be stored in Service Master Records, for example, which subsequently provide
default data for the purchasing documents.
MM (MATERIAL MANAGEMENT) External Service Management offers two basic ways of specifying
Services:
1. PLANNED SERVICES
a) Planned Services with description, quantity and price.
b) By “Planned Services” we mean Services whose nature and you know scope at the start of a procurement
project or transaction.
c) At the time the Services are requested, the individual specifications are entered either with the aid of a
Service Master Record or directly as short and long texts. Price and quantity are specified in both cases.
2. UN - PLANNED SERVICES
a) With the setting of a value limit only.
b) By unplanned services, we mean Services that cannot be specified in detail because their precise nature and
scope are not initially known, or Services which-for various reasons - you do not wish to plan. Unplanned
Services therefore have no descriptions.
c) They are entered in the form of monetary limits. Services may be performed up to a value not exceeding these
value limits. This allows you to exercise a degree of cost control in such situations.
d) You can record the performance of Services or work in Service Entry Sheets.
e) You can indicate your acceptance of the work set out in the entry sheets in various ways.
f) Following acceptance, the vendor‟s Invoice can be verified and released for payment.
III. Identification Of Problem
2.1 Identification of Problems through Fishbone Diagram for Conservancy
Fig.2 Fishbone Diagram or Cause-Effect Diagram
Methods Material
Problems due to
existing system
For
conservancy
Mileu
ManMachine
Maintenance of
different machines
Supervision problem
High labour cost
Maintaining
attendance chart
High rental charges
Optimum usage of
machine not possible
Focus on non-core
activities
Improper consumption
of matrial
Taxes/Govt charges
on materials
Large/vast area
to be maintained
Wastage of
materials
5. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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Following are the problems due to existing system. As project stage, due to existing system these
problems may affect directly on productivity and quality of plant in future.
1. Company provides the housekeeping material to agency, it is seen that consumption of material is more
than expected and accountability of the agency is less. Efforts from agency to use housekeeping material
best to use are less.
2. As this is the project work of upcoming plant, housekeeping requirement would be gradually increasing,
the complete allotment of the plant for housekeeping would be unnecessary wastes / loss to company.
3. Lack of efficiency while working and special focus on key area. Access to agency for immediate work
and specific job.
4. Day by day labor cost is increasing and so work cost are high affecting productivity and profit of
company.
PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THROUGH ESM
Problem I
As this is the project work of upcoming plant, housekeeping requirement would be gradually increasing, the
complete allotment of the plant for housekeeping would be unnecessary wastes / loss to company.
Solution I
For this problem, we can take services from supplier with construction of each shop. That is first we will decide
for those shop, where people will be shifted i. e. temporary offices. And then we will decide for cleaning of
machines. After all we decide for entire plant (roads, office area, all shops etc.).
By this decision we can save
1. Charges of machines which are not installed in shops
2. Charges of roads cleaning
3. All another shops which are not constructed
So we will take decision with construction.
Problem II
Lack of efficiency while working and special focus on key area. Access to agency for immediate work and
specific job.
Solution II
By solving this problem we can improve quality. More quality can be achieved if we decide different parties for
each shop than to engage all shops to only one party. Because the area being large and also keeping in view the
specialized cleaning requirement of various shops. It is suggested to employ 2-3 parties for cleaning of the
various locations within the plant. The advantages of employing more than one party are as under-
Employing the parties as per their strengths.
Ex- Shop floors especially paint shop, office area, roads etc. It will generate a healthy competition
among the parties to perform better. It will give better control over the parties.
Any one of the parties can be asked to take on the responsibility of the other at very short notice without
compromising on the quality. Such a situation can arise if a party is having employee problem or if the party
wishes to discontinue with very short or no notice.
In view of the above the suggested job distribution of parties are as under-
Party No 1:- Shop A + Common areas
Party No 2:- Shop B + Shop C + Shop D
Party No 3:- Shop E + Office area + Roads includes Speed Track
This analysis can be done by three ways.
1. Time
2. Cost
3. Number of persons
1. Time analysis
We can save time of labour and supervisor assigned for housekeeping.
2. Cost
Cost can be realized in following ways.
1. We can save chemical cost.
2. We can save machine cost.
3. Total cost – Total amount will be Rs. 369384.7 per month instead of Rs. 451227.9 per month so we can
save Rs. 81843.2 per month.
6. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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2.2 Identification of Problems due to existing system, with the help of fishbone diagram
Following are the problems due to existing system.
1. Problems in charging station
2. Under utilization of forklifts
3. Problems in battery maintenance
PROBLEM I
PROBLEMS IN CHARGING STATION:
Following problems are faced in charging station.
a) Unplanned Schedule
b) Extra movement of forklifts
a) Unplanned Schedule:
Due to improper scheduling, all forklifts from different shops arrive for charging at the same time at
charging station. But, due to limited number of chargers, many forklifts wait in queue. To avoid this, proper
schedule is to be prepared for different forklifts, and the same is to be followed meticulously to avoid
overlapping of forklifts for charging and better utilization of forklifts.
b) Extra movement of forklifts:
According to this study all drivers move to charging station whenever they get time. This results in
unnecessary movement of forklifts, and by following table we can understand that productivity decreases daily.
So by proper scheduling, we can avoid this problem.
Methods Machine
Problems due to
existing system
For
forklifts operation
and maintenance
MaterialMan
Supervision problem
Extra movement covered by forklifts
Bad/poor attitude towards working
Poor scheduling
Training required
Labour required for
loading/unloading
Same foklifts are used for
different shops
Maintenance
Life of battery
Frequent replacement of
batteries and chargers
Trans axle Engine
Offices Materials
Press BIW
Paint Shop
Assembly Shop
Charging
Station
Comp House
Sub
Stn.
Pump
House
7. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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In the table below, it is clear that 30.6 Kms is covered unnecessarily, by 20 forklifts everyday for charging.
Location
No of
forklifts
Total distance for
per trip
Extra movement per
day per forklift
Total Extra
distance
in Kilometers
for per day
Charging station - Transaxle
shop
3 0.4 6 times 7.2
Charging station – Engine 4 0.2 6 times 4.8
Charging station - Press shop 3 0.3 6 times 5.4
Charging station – BIW 4 0.2 5 times 4
Charging station - Paint shop 1 0.2 6 times 1.2
Charging station - Assembly
shop
5 0.4 4 times 8
Total 20 38 times 30.6
PROBLEM II
UNDERUTILIZATION OF FORKLIFTS:
The below table shows that, due to this unplanned activity, the forklifts are falling short of their required trips
every day. The forklifts are underutilized.
S.N.
Area Location
Required
Trips per
day per shift
Trips per
day per
shift
1 Transaxle shop Front of line 30 26
2 Engine shop EOL to Pallet storage
area
55 50
3 Press shop Press shop to BIW 40 37
4 BIW EOL to Pallet storage
area
100 90
5 Paint shop Press shop to Weld shop 30 24
6 Assembly
Shop
General purpose 40 35
Total 295 262
Preparation of justification, by proper analysis of all options
This analysis can be done by three ways.
1. Time
2. Cost
3. Number of persons
Time
We can save time of all people, associated with material movement and movement with forklifts.
1. Cost
Cost savings can be realized in the following ways
a) Battery cost – We can save 24 Lakhs per year.
b) Overall cost – By saving battery life and through proper maintenance, we can save life of
forklifts. And so overall cost will increase.
2. Number of persons
By implementing above solution, we can save large number of manpower.
Example
Supervisor
Manpower for maintenance
Manpower for operation
8. Trough External Service Management Improve Quality & Productivity
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IV. Conclusion
1. ESM is used effectively to improve productivity of plant operation.
2. Quality of process & quality of work can be improved through properly defining scope of external service
provider.
3. By defining value added activities and non-value added essential activities, we can focus on core
activities of organization.
REFERENCE
[1]. Auger, P., Burke, P., Devinney, T.M., Louviere, J.J., (2003) What will consumers pay for social product features?
Journal of Business Ethics 42, 281–304.
[2]. Baily, Martin N., (2004) Recent productivity growth: the role of information technology and other innovations.
FRBF Economic Review 2004, 35–41
[3]. Bart van Ark and Marcel Timmer (2006) Productivity and Economic Growth in Europe: A Comparative Industry
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