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![A valid example
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE PARENT [
<!ELEMENT PARENT (CHILD*)>
<!ELEMENT CHILD (MARK?,NAME+)>
<!ELEMENT MARK EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT NAME (LASTNAME+,FIRSTNAME+)*>
<!ELEMENT LASTNAME (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT FIRSTNAME (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST MARK
NUMBER ID #REQUIRED
LISTED CDATA #FIXED "yes"
TYPE (natural|adopted) "natural">
<!ENTITY STATEMENT "This is well-formed XML">
]>
<PARENT>
&STATEMENT;
<CHILD>
<MARK NUMBER="1" LISTED="yes" TYPE="natural"/>
<NAME>
<LASTNAME>child</LASTNAME>
<FIRSTNAME>second</FIRSTNAME>
</NAME>
</CHILD>
</PARENT>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iwmw2001xmlandxlstslides-160306195907/75/IWMW-2001-XML-and-XSLT-18-2048.jpg)
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IWMW 2001: XML and XSLT
The document outlines the use of XML and XSL in institutional web management, emphasizing the benefits of standards-based, format-independent content that can be tailored to user needs. It discusses the structure and design goals of XML, the differences between XML and HTML, and provides hands-on examples of creating and uploading XML documents and XSL stylesheets. Additionally, it highlights different publishing engines and addresses the evolution of publishing practices to accommodate multiple platforms and formats.
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IWMW 2001: XML and XSLT
- 1. XML and XSL InstitutionalWeb Management 2001: Organising Chaos
- 2. Running order Background All aboutXML All about XSL Hands-on XML and XSL Publishing engines Example applications Crystal balls
- 3. Background Mark Ray andAndrew Savory Using XML since 1996 Used a variety of tools and methods
- 4. XML and XSL W3Cspecifications Separation of Concerns Reuse of data Multiple output formats Styles tailored to reader / Standardised styles
- 5. Applications of XMLand XSL Static information Institutional web sites Prospectuses Course catalogues Dynamic information News or event information services Course catalogues Staff directories
- 6. Benefits of XMLand XSL Standards-based, format-independent Serve sites and formats based on user need Text-based (text readers, slow links, low-tech) Netscape / Internet Explorer specifc TV, Phone, PDA PDF, SVG, VRML, ... Simplification of web site management...
- 7. The management bit Management Decide what the site should contain, how it should behave and how it should appear Content Responsible for writing, owning, managing the site content
- 8. The management bit Logic Responsible for integration with dynamic content generation Style Responsible for information presentation, look & feel, site graphics and maintenance
- 9. What is XML? eXtensibleMarkup Language Not a fixed format 'Metalanguage' For describing information
- 10. XML Design Goals 1XML shall be straightforwardly usable over the Internet. 2 XML shall support a wide variety of applications. 3 XML shall be compatible with SGML. 4 It shall be easy to write programs which process XML documents. 5 The number of optional features in XML is to be kept to the absolute minimum, ideally zero.
- 11. XML Design Goals 6XML documents should be human-legible and reasonably clear. 7 The XML design should be prepared quickly. 8 The design of XML shall be formal and concise. 9 XML documents shall be easy to create. 10Terseness is of minimal importance.
- 12. Structure of anXML document <?xml version="1.0"?> <PARENT> <CHILD> This is content. </CHILD> <EMPTY/> </PARENT>
- 13. A first XMLdocument Construct a well-formed XML document using the following tags: xml opening tag page title content para Don't forget to add the closing tags!
- 14. Differences to HTML Order: <tag1><tag2></tag1></tag2>WRONG <tag1><tag2></tag2></tag1> RIGHT Balance <tag1><tag2></tag2> WRONG <tag1><tag2></tag2></tag1> RIGHT Case <tag1><tag2></TAG2></TAG1> WRONG <tag1><tag2></tag2></tag1> RIGHT
- 15. Differences to HTML Attributes <tag1class=wrong> WRONG <tag1 class="right"> RIGHT Empty Tags <tag1 class="wrong"> WRONG <tag1 class="wrong" /> RIGHT XML is stricter ...and therefore better!
- 16. Well-formed vs. Valid Exactlywhat they say: Well-formed means it's written correctly Valid means we can validate it
- 17. A well-formed example <?xmlversion="1.0"?> <PARENT> <CHILD> <MARK NUMBER="1" LISTED="yes" TYPE="natural"/> <NAME> <LASTNAME>child</LASTNAME> <FIRSTNAME>second</FIRSTNAME> </NAME> </CHILD> </PARENT>
- 18. A valid example <?xmlversion="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE PARENT [ <!ELEMENT PARENT (CHILD*)> <!ELEMENT CHILD (MARK?,NAME+)> <!ELEMENT MARK EMPTY> <!ELEMENT NAME (LASTNAME+,FIRSTNAME+)*> <!ELEMENT LASTNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FIRSTNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST MARK NUMBER ID #REQUIRED LISTED CDATA #FIXED "yes" TYPE (natural|adopted) "natural"> <!ENTITY STATEMENT "This is well-formed XML"> ]> <PARENT> &STATEMENT; <CHILD> <MARK NUMBER="1" LISTED="yes" TYPE="natural"/> <NAME> <LASTNAME>child</LASTNAME> <FIRSTNAME>second</FIRSTNAME> </NAME> </CHILD> </PARENT>
- 19. Document Type Definitions Firststandard mechanism for XML validation Define the role and structure of XML elements Sufficient for simple XML schemas Don't support namespaces Use non-XML syntax
- 20. XSchema XML structural definitionlanguage of choice Defines a class of XML document Supports name spaces More powerful
- 21. Xschema example <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schemaxmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en"> Example Schema for IWM workshop </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:element name="page" type="page"/> <xsd:complexType name="page"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="content" type="pageContent"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="pageContent"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="para" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:schema>
- 22. What is XSL? Preferredstyle sheet language of XML a method for transforming XML documents a method for defining XML parts and patterns a method for formatting XML documents An application of XML (same formatting rules)
- 23. Hands-on XML Create thefollowing XML document: <?xml version="1.0"?> <page> <title>Hello</title> <content> <para>This is my first XML page!</para> </content> </page> Save it as hello_world.xml
- 24. Uploading the file Navigateto the site provided Click on "upload.html" Beside the "file to upload" box, click on "choose" Select the file you want to upload Click on "upload"
- 25. Viewing the file Ifyou see the file you wanted to upload and receive a "File written successfully" message... Click on "Content", then the name of the file
- 26. Structure of anXSL stylesheet Most templates have the following form: <xsl:template match="emphasis"> <i><xsl:apply-templates/></i> </xsl:template> The whole <xsl:template> element is a template The match pattern determines where this template applies
- 27. Structure of anXSL stylesheet Literal result element(s) come from non-XSL namespace(s) XSLT elements come from the XSL namespace
- 28. Hands-on XSL Create thefollowing XSL stylesheet: <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="page"> <html> <head> <title><xsl:value-of select="title"/></title> </head> <body bgcolor="white" alink="red" link="blue" vlink="blue"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
- 29. Uploading the file Navigateto the site provided Click on "upload.html" Beside the "file to upload" box, click on "choose" Select the file you want to upload Click on "upload"
- 30. Publishing engines Cocoon Java-based AxKit Perl-based 4Suite Python Others or roll your own
- 31. Viewing the file Ifyou see the file you wanted to upload and receive a "File written successfully" message... Click on "View site in cocoon" Select the file you uploaded and the stylesheet you want to view it in
- 32. Hands-on XSL Add thefollowing to the XSL stylesheet: <xsl:template match="title"> <h2 style="color: navy; text-align: center"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </h2> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="para"> <p align="left"> <i><xsl:apply-templates/></i> </p> </xsl:template>
- 33. New platforms, newbeginnings? The old way of publishing Repurposing The new way of publishing Target multiple platforms Multiple stylesheets Multiple formats
- 34. Browser-specific content <map:select> <map:when test="lynx"> <map:transformsrc="stylesheets/simple-page2html-lynx.xsl"/> </map:when> <map:otherwise> <map:transform src="stylesheets/simple-page2html.xsl"/> </map:otherwise> </map:select>
- 35. Lynx-friendly XSL stylesheet Addthe following to your XSL stylesheet: <h2>This site is lynx-friendly</h2> Save the stylesheet as simple-page2html-lynx.xsl
- 36. Uploading the file Navigateto the site provided Click on "upload.html" Beside the "file to upload" box, click on "choose" Select the file you want to upload Click on "upload"
- 37. Viewing the file Ifyou see the file you wanted to upload and receive a "File written successfully" message... Click on "View site in cocoon" Select the file you uploaded and the stylesheet you want to view it in
- 38.
- 39.
Editor's Notes
- #5 How many people have heard of W3C?
- #8 Web created to reduce information management costs by distributing back on information owners.
- #10 How many people know what XML is? How many people have used it or seen it used? What context?
- #23 How many people here have heard of XSL? How many people know what it is? How many people have used it?
- #31 Explain the need for publishing engines Benefits of publishing engines over browser-based xml translations