The document provides an introduction to XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations), detailing its role in transforming XML documents into various output formats using XPath for navigation. It includes examples of XSLT stylesheets that demonstrate the transformation of XML data into CSV format and discusses the structural components of XSLT, such as templates and the processing paradigm. Additionally, it covers elements like iteration, conditional constructs, and browser support for XSLT processors.

1. Rajiv Poplai

2. Agenda
 Introduction to XSLT
 Examples
 Implementations
 XSLT processor

3. Warming up…
 What does XML stand for ?
 eXtensible Markup Language
 Extensible means that there is no fixed
tag set (like in HTML)

4. Overview
 Stands for “eXtensible Stylesheet
Language Transformations”
 Language for transforming an input xml
document into output document.
 Navigation of input XML document is
through XPath
 Output document may be XML or any other
text format.

5. XSLT processor

6. Language
 Syntax defined by W3C
 XSLT stylesheet file is an XML file
 XSLT is based on the programming
paradigm of pattern matching.
 XSLT is based on concepts of functional
programming as a stylesheet is made up of
templates, which are essentially pure
functions.
<xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0”
xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”>

7. Simple Example
 Sample xml File
 Sample Output required in csv format
<?xml version=“1.0”?>
<ContactInfo>
<Person>
<Name>Rajiv Poplai</Name>
<Mobile>9810766277</Mobile>
</Person>
</ContactInfo>
Rajiv Poplai, 9810766277

8.  XSLT file to accomplish the
transformation
<?xml version=“1.0”?>
<xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0”
xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”>
<xsl:output method=“text”>
<xsl:template match=“Person”>
<xsl:value-of select=“Name”/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select=“Mobile”/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

9. <xsl:template> Element
 An xsl:template element essentially tells the
XSLT processor, “as you go through the
source tree, when you find a node of that tree
whose name matches the value of my match
attribute, add my contents to the result tree.”

10. <?xml version="1.0"?>
<ListOfStudents>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Students>
<Person id="12998800">
<FirstName>Peter</FirstName>
<LastName>Kováč</LastName>
<BirthDate>1980-10-25</BirthDate>
<Study>
<Program id="1.MAT"></Program>
<Faculty id="1070">FMFI UK</Faculty>
</Study>
<Study>
<Program id="1.AE"></Program>
<Faculty id="1050">FiF UK</Faculty>
</Study>
</Person>
<Person id="88332212">
<FirstName>Karol</FirstName>
<LastName>Nový</LastName>
<BirthDate>1982-11-16</BirthDate>
<Study>
<Program id="1.INF"></Program>
<Faculty id="1070">FMFI UK</Faculty>
</Study>
</Person>
</Students>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999
/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<ListOfStudents>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</ListOfStudents>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="Person">
<Student>
<xsl:value-of
select="FirstName"/>,
<xsl:value-of
select="LastName"/>,
<xsl:value-of
select="Study[1]/Faculty"/>
(<xsl:value-of
select="Study[1]/Faculty/@id"/>)
</Student>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ListOfStudents>
<Student>Peter, Kováč, FMFI UK (1070)</Student>
<Student>Karol, Nový, FMFI UK (1070)</Student>
</ListOfStudents>

11. Test your knowledge
 What would an XSLT processor do with a stylesheet that contained
no template rules?
 For example what would be the output if the stylesheet below:
 is applied to the XML file below

12. Answer
 XSLT has several built-in default templates that tell
the XSLT processor to output the text content of the
elements, leaving out the attributes and markup.

13. Other constructs
Tasks Construct (Instructions)
Creating new nodes <xsl:document>, <xsl:element>,
<xsl:attribute>, <xsl:text>, <xsl:value-of>
Iteration (process all nodes of a given
node set)
<xsl:for-each>
Conditional <xsl:if>, <xsl:choose>
Numbering <xsl:number>
Combining Stylesheets <xsl:include>, <xsl:import>
Sorting (sort a nodeset based on some
criteria)
<xsl:sort>
Variables <xsl:variable>, <xsl:param>
Invoking templates <xsl:apply-templates> (find a template
for each node in the input sequence)
<xsl:call-template>

14. Browser Support
Browser Minimum Version
Mozilla Firefox 3
Internet Explorer 6
Google Chrome 1
Opera 9
Apple Safari 3

15. Anatomy of XSLT processor