Introduction to XSLT by introducting XML,XHTML. XPath, XSL

1. Introduction to XSLT

2.  XML
 XML Namespaces
 HTML
 XHTML
 XSL
 XPath
 XSLT : What it do ? How it do it?
 XSLT :Demo - example
 Q&A
2 HP Restricted HP Restricted 1/1/2013 2

3.  XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
 eXtensible which means that tags are not
predefined Extensible means that there is no
fixed tag set (like in HTML)
 Markup Language : is a set of markup tags.
 XML was created to structure, store, and
transport information.
 XML is designed to be self-descriptive

4.  A "Well Formed" XML document has correct
XML syntax.
The syntax rules are :
 XML documents must have a root element
 XML elements must have a closing tag
 XML tags are case sensitive
 XML elements must be properly nested
 XML attribute values must be quoted

5. Name Conflicts
 In XML, element names are defined by the developer. This often
results in a conflict when trying to mix XML documents from
different XML applications.
 This XML carries HTML table information:
<table>
<tr>
<td>Apples</td>
<td>Bananas</td>
</tr>
</table>
 This XML carries information about a table (a piece of furniture):
<table>
<name>African Coffee Table</name>
<width>80</width>
<length>120</length>
</table>

6.  <h:table>
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
</h:tr>
</h:table>
<f:table>
<f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
<f:length>120</f:length>
</f:table>

7.  <root
xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"
xmlns:f="http://www.w3schools.com/furniture">
<h:table>
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
</h:tr>
</h:table>
<f:table>
<f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
<f:length>120</f:length>
</f:table>
</root>

8.  Defining a default namespace for an element
saves us from using prefixes in all the child
elements. It has the following syntax:
xmlns="namespaceURI“
This XML carries information about a piece of
furniture:
<table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">
<tr>
<td>Apples</td>
<td>Bananas</td>
</tr>
</table>

9.  HTML stands
for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
 The tags of HTML is predefined markup tags

10.  XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText
Markup Language
 Well formed HTML

11.  XSL stands for
EXtensible Stylesheet Language.
 XSL = Style Sheets for XML
XSL describes how the XML
document should be displayed!

12.  Styling is both about transforming and
formatting information. When the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) made their first XSL Working Draft,
it contained the language syntax for both
transforming and formatting XML documents.
 Later, the Working Group at W3C split the original
draft into separate Recommendations:
 * XSLT, a language for transforming XML documents
 * XSL-FO, a language for formatting XML documents
 * XPath, a language for navigating in XML documents

13.  XPath, the XML Path Language, is a query
language for selecting nodes from
an XML document.
 The XPath language is based on a tree
representation of the XML document, and
provides the ability to navigate around the
tree, selecting nodes by a variety of criteria

14.  XSLT is used to transform an XML document
into another XML document, or another type
of document that is recognized by a browser,
like HTML and XHTML. Normally XSLT does
this by transforming each XML element into an
(X)HTML element.

15.  In the transformation process, XSLT uses
XPath to define parts of the source document
that should match one or more predefined
templates. When a match is found, XSLT will
transform the matching part of the source
document into the result document.

17.  <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Tra
nsform">

18.  The <xsl:template> Element
 The <xsl:template> element is used to build
templates.
 The match attribute is used to associate a
template with an XML element. The match
attribute can also be used to define a template for
the entire XML document. The value of the match
attribute is an XPath expression (i.e. match="/"
defines the whole document).

<xsl:template match="/">
 ----------
</ xsl:template >