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Chapter 10
Establishing
Philosophical and
Educational Approaches
for an Evidence-
Informed, Context-
Relevant, Unified
Curriculum
Overview
• Understanding the definitions and
purposes of philosophy will facilitate the
formulation of curriculum outcomes.
• Philosophical approaches from both
educational and nursing educational
perspectives are relevant in formulating
curriculum outcomes.
Curriculum Philosophy
• Philosophy is the study of the most general
and abstract features of the world and
categories with which we think:
– Mind, Matter
– Reason
– Proof
– Truth
• A curriculum philosophy is part of the
curriculum foundation.
Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• A curriculum philosophy provides a basis
for:
– Development, implementation, evaluation.
– Shaping students’ ideas about clients, nursing,
and health care.
– Discussions about curriculum practices, and
preferences.
– Professional development
– Decision making for the profession
Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• Curriculum philosophy in nursing education
– Ideas possibly included in a nursing education
or curriculum philosophy are beliefs about:
• Nature of learning
• Purposes of the curriculum
• Roles of faculty and students.
• Nature of faculty-student interactions
• Other values — social justice, diversity, or service
Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• Curriculum philosophies
– Idealism: truth is universal, values unchanging,
desire to live in perfect world of ideals.
– Realism: natural laws compose the world and
all of nature.
– Perennialism: disciplining of the mind,
development of reasoning ability.
– Essentialism: cultural heritage must be
preserved, it is the role of education to do so.
Curriculum philosophy (cont.)
• Curriculum philosophies (cont.)
– Progressivism: the growth of students should
be the center of educational activities, and not
the subject matter.
– Reconstructionism: the purpose of education is
to improve society – students are exposed to
controversial social problems, study them, and
reach solutions through consensus.
Ideas about Teaching and Learning
as Part of Curriculum Philosophy
• Learning theories
– Broad categories of theories evident in nursing
education curricula include:
• Behaviorist
• Cognitive
• Humanist
• Social and Situational
• Integrated
Ideas about Teaching and Learning as
Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• Science of learning (brain-based learning)
– As cognitive neuroscience continues to provide
insights into mental processes, teaching will be
more science-based, more “brain-based.”
– Five firmly established brain facts:
• Each brain is unique.
• Brains are highly plastic.
• All brains are not equal in problem-solving ability.
• The brain connects new information to old.
• The brain is changed by experience.
Ideas about Teaching and Learning as
Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• Science of learning (brain-based learning)
(cont.)
– Emotions and physiological processes may
have an impact on teaching and learning.
– Robust learning entails:
• Long-term retention.
• Preparation for further and deeper learning and
application.
• Transfer of knowledge to new situations.
Ideas about Teaching and Learning as
Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• Learning theories, educational frameworks,
and pedagogies
– Adult learning (Andragogy)
– Apprenticeship
– Cognitive constructivism
– Critical social theory
– Deep learning
– Epistemology
– Feminism and feminist pedagogy
Ideas about Teaching and Learning as
Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.)
• Learning theories, educational frameworks,
and pedagogies (cont.)
– Humanism
– Learner-centeredness (student-centeredness)
– Narrative pedagogy
– Phenomenology
– Postmodernism
– Pragmatism
– Transformative learning
Philosophical and Educational
Approaches
• Developing philosophical and educational
approaches
– Subcommittee should draft a statement of
philosophical and educational approaches.
– Task can be split among two subgroups with
results combined later.
– A literature search should be performed.
– Subcommittee should understand beliefs,
values of colleagues, as all will be
implementing the curriculum.
Philosophical and Educational
Approaches (cont.)
• Confirming philosophical and educational
approaches
– Consensus among the total faculty group
cannot be overemphasized.
– Agreement about philosophical and
educational approaches are essential before
subsequent curriculum work is undertaken.
Relationship of Philosophical
Educational Approaches
• Philosophical and educational approaches
are statements of faculty value orientation.
• Derived ideas ensure that curriculum
foundations are context-relevant and
evidence-informed.
• Inclusion of major curriculum concepts, key
nursing abilities adds to conceptual and
visual unity of the curriculum.
Core Processes of Curriculum Work
• Faculty development
– Values and beliefs about nursing, education,
persons, learning, etc. should be discussed.
– Discussion can serve to clarify and examine
beliefs; used as source of information.
• Ongoing appraisal
– Inherent part of discussions resulting in
statement of philosophical and educational
approaches.
Core Processes of Curriculum
Work (cont.)
• Scholarship
– Description of processes and discussions
undertaken to develop statements may be
instructive to faculty at other schools.
– Faculty members describe involvement in
decisions, and their subsequent degree of
commitment to the decisions.
– Survey of nursing schools to find philosophical
and educational approaches in use.

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Iwasiw ppts ch10_3_e

  • 1. Chapter 10 Establishing Philosophical and Educational Approaches for an Evidence- Informed, Context- Relevant, Unified Curriculum
  • 2. Overview • Understanding the definitions and purposes of philosophy will facilitate the formulation of curriculum outcomes. • Philosophical approaches from both educational and nursing educational perspectives are relevant in formulating curriculum outcomes.
  • 3. Curriculum Philosophy • Philosophy is the study of the most general and abstract features of the world and categories with which we think: – Mind, Matter – Reason – Proof – Truth • A curriculum philosophy is part of the curriculum foundation.
  • 4. Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • A curriculum philosophy provides a basis for: – Development, implementation, evaluation. – Shaping students’ ideas about clients, nursing, and health care. – Discussions about curriculum practices, and preferences. – Professional development – Decision making for the profession
  • 5. Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • Curriculum philosophy in nursing education – Ideas possibly included in a nursing education or curriculum philosophy are beliefs about: • Nature of learning • Purposes of the curriculum • Roles of faculty and students. • Nature of faculty-student interactions • Other values — social justice, diversity, or service
  • 6. Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • Curriculum philosophies – Idealism: truth is universal, values unchanging, desire to live in perfect world of ideals. – Realism: natural laws compose the world and all of nature. – Perennialism: disciplining of the mind, development of reasoning ability. – Essentialism: cultural heritage must be preserved, it is the role of education to do so.
  • 7. Curriculum philosophy (cont.) • Curriculum philosophies (cont.) – Progressivism: the growth of students should be the center of educational activities, and not the subject matter. – Reconstructionism: the purpose of education is to improve society – students are exposed to controversial social problems, study them, and reach solutions through consensus.
  • 8. Ideas about Teaching and Learning as Part of Curriculum Philosophy • Learning theories – Broad categories of theories evident in nursing education curricula include: • Behaviorist • Cognitive • Humanist • Social and Situational • Integrated
  • 9. Ideas about Teaching and Learning as Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • Science of learning (brain-based learning) – As cognitive neuroscience continues to provide insights into mental processes, teaching will be more science-based, more “brain-based.” – Five firmly established brain facts: • Each brain is unique. • Brains are highly plastic. • All brains are not equal in problem-solving ability. • The brain connects new information to old. • The brain is changed by experience.
  • 10. Ideas about Teaching and Learning as Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • Science of learning (brain-based learning) (cont.) – Emotions and physiological processes may have an impact on teaching and learning. – Robust learning entails: • Long-term retention. • Preparation for further and deeper learning and application. • Transfer of knowledge to new situations.
  • 11. Ideas about Teaching and Learning as Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • Learning theories, educational frameworks, and pedagogies – Adult learning (Andragogy) – Apprenticeship – Cognitive constructivism – Critical social theory – Deep learning – Epistemology – Feminism and feminist pedagogy
  • 12. Ideas about Teaching and Learning as Part of Curriculum Philosophy (cont.) • Learning theories, educational frameworks, and pedagogies (cont.) – Humanism – Learner-centeredness (student-centeredness) – Narrative pedagogy – Phenomenology – Postmodernism – Pragmatism – Transformative learning
  • 13. Philosophical and Educational Approaches • Developing philosophical and educational approaches – Subcommittee should draft a statement of philosophical and educational approaches. – Task can be split among two subgroups with results combined later. – A literature search should be performed. – Subcommittee should understand beliefs, values of colleagues, as all will be implementing the curriculum.
  • 14. Philosophical and Educational Approaches (cont.) • Confirming philosophical and educational approaches – Consensus among the total faculty group cannot be overemphasized. – Agreement about philosophical and educational approaches are essential before subsequent curriculum work is undertaken.
  • 15. Relationship of Philosophical Educational Approaches • Philosophical and educational approaches are statements of faculty value orientation. • Derived ideas ensure that curriculum foundations are context-relevant and evidence-informed. • Inclusion of major curriculum concepts, key nursing abilities adds to conceptual and visual unity of the curriculum.
  • 16. Core Processes of Curriculum Work • Faculty development – Values and beliefs about nursing, education, persons, learning, etc. should be discussed. – Discussion can serve to clarify and examine beliefs; used as source of information. • Ongoing appraisal – Inherent part of discussions resulting in statement of philosophical and educational approaches.
  • 17. Core Processes of Curriculum Work (cont.) • Scholarship – Description of processes and discussions undertaken to develop statements may be instructive to faculty at other schools. – Faculty members describe involvement in decisions, and their subsequent degree of commitment to the decisions. – Survey of nursing schools to find philosophical and educational approaches in use.