Item analysis is a statistical technique used to evaluate test items and select or reject them based on their difficulty and ability to discriminate between more and less capable examinees. It provides information about each item's difficulty value and discrimination index. The difficulty value indicates the percentage of examinees who answered the item correctly, and can be used to identify items that are too easy or too hard. The discrimination index reflects an item's ability to differentiate high-scoring from low-scoring examinees, with positive values indicating items that high performers tend to get right and low performers tend to get wrong. Item analysis allows modifying or removing items that have low discrimination or difficulty levels outside the desired range.