The document discusses various knowledge management approaches including communities of practice, social bookmarking using tags and rankings, and using boundary objects. Communities of practice bring together practitioners in a domain to develop shared knowledge over time. Social bookmarking allows independent tagging and ranking of information. Boundary objects can be shared artifacts that translate knowledge across different communities while maintaining a common identity. The conclusion is that a knowledge management system acts as a boundary between individual and shared knowing processes.

1. KMS
Knowledge Management Approaches
Interaction
Communities
of practice
Self service
Codification
- Resources Required +

2. “My KM is
spelled with 6
letters, and they
are...”

3. The problem of Google as a KMS
You lead a consulting company
You find out that your employees do not
use your internal KMS
Instead they go to Google to find
presentations
What do you do?
Current solutions to perennial
problems
e-KMS is hard on the
brain Social bookmarking
People have different
learning styles
Identity work hampers Rank and pride
knowledge sharing
Different knowledges are Build communities
incomensurable
Power is at stake in
knowledge Use boundary objects

4. Social bookmarking
Social bookmarking
User created
tags

5. ! Social bookmarking
Independent of record-keeping
practices
Ranked by popularity
Available through RSS feeds
Tags are windows into
" No standardization people’s memory and
No hierarchy thought
Rank and pride

6. ! Rank and pride
Draws on identity (super power)
Implicit social capital
Supports expert ‘yellowpages’
Ranks are the
" No classification
motivators of online
contributitors at
Open to manipulation
Possible flame wars digital windows into
their knowledge
Build communities

7. Community
CoP Practice
Domain
*the area of knowledge that brings the
community together, gives it its identity,
and defines the key issues that members
need to address.
A community of practice is not just a
personal network
it is about something.
Its identity is defined not just by a
task, as it would be for a team, but by
an "area" of knowledge that needs to be
explored and developed.
Domain

8. *the group of people for whom the domain is
relevant, the quality of the relationships
among members, and the definition of the
boundary between the inside and the outside.
community of practice is not just a
Web site or a library:
it involves people who interact and who
Community develop relationships that enable them
to address problems and share
knowledge.
*the body of knowledge, methods, tools,
stories, cases, documents, which members
share and develop together.
A community of practice is not merely
a community of interest:
It brings together practitioners who are
involved in doing something
Over time, they accumulate practical
knowledge in their domain, which
Practice makes a difference to their ability to
act individually and collectively.

9. Build communities
!
LPP protects identity and
performance
Peer pressure pushes for
contributions
Creates a social space
" to share at individual
CoPs constitute strong
sub-cultures boundaries
Strong culture hampers
learning
Use boundary objects

10. Use boundary objects
Use boundary objects

11. Boundary objects are objects which are both plastic
enough to adapt to local needs and constraints of the
several parties employing them, yet robust enough to
maintain a common identity across sites.
They have different meanings in different social worlds
but their structure is common enough to more than one
world to make them recognizable means of translation.

12. Use boundary objects
!
Addresses issues of power
Allows local and global
knowledge sharing
Creates an artifact to
" share at communities
Keeps CoPs separated boundaries
Knowledge Management Approaches
Interaction B.Objs.
CoPs
Tagging
+
Ranking
Codification
- Resources Required +

13. Knowledge Management Approaches
CoPs
self-service
Inidividual
knowing
Knowledge Management Approaches
Tagging
CoPs
+
Ranking B.Objs.
Inidividual
knowing

14. Conclusion
“A knowledge management system is a
boundary that intersects, but does not
fully encompass agents’ knowing process”