The document discusses various topics related to organizational change and culture, including: 1. It provides an overview of the "tools for change" that will be discussed in the current and next class, including changing managerial practices and employee practices. 2. It examines challenges and opportunities when changing an organization's culture, including how this relates to managerial practices, employee practices, and group structure versus individual change. 3. It outlines a three-phase model for culture-led change: separation from current practices to create a space for change, supplying a new identity and social experiences during the change process, and reintegration back into the organization with new informal networks and participation.

1. The rituals of IT use
Today and next class...
Today: The tools for change: A menu of choices
Next class: The tools for change: The best tool
for an ‘inside job’
... add both to p. 119, at the end of the section on
‘TOOLS FOR CHANGE’

2. challenges &
opportunities
managerial
practices
employees’
practices
challenges &
opportunities
managerial
practices
Groups: Structure
employees’ interaction
practices

3. The problem with alignemt
vs.
The problem with politics
You are
here
You
should
be here

4. Culture is the only lever left
The two views of culture
Do
Have

5. What are the posters for?
“I don’t know! I think it’s to show
managers when they come down
to visit us...”
The quarter life crisis
“Several weeks later, while sitting at my new desk,
I turned 25 -- one quarter of a century.! Two
quarters left.! I took out a piece of paper and
wrote out what is important in my life and what
average, but attainable, adult goals I wanted to
achieve, and despaired.”

6. What is the “Quarterlife Crisis”
Main Entry:!!quarterlife crisis
Part of Speech:!!noun
Definition:!!an emotional crisis in one's twenties with
anxiety and self-doubt after leaving academic life
What is the “Quarterlife Crisis”
“Quarterlife Crisis is a response to overwhelming instability,
constant change, too many choices, and a panicked sense of
helplessness.” While the twenties are most definitely a time
of opportunity, sometimes the “endless array of decisions can
also make a recent grad feel utterly lost.”
~Quarterlife Crisis: The Unique Challenges of Life in your
Twenties. Robbins & Wilner. 2001. p. 3

7. Emerging Adulthood
“It’s not that they don’t take adulthood
seriously; they take it so seriously, they’re
spending years carefully choosing the
right path into it.”
~Tim!
Biggest misperception you
had of life in your 20s…
I would have everything “figured out” by now
It would be “easier”
Being grown-up would feel “different” like
some major event would happen that would
make me “be grown-up”

8. What is one word you would use to
describe life in your 20s?
Number of respondents in each category:
46: Change/Transition
45: Adventure/Exciting
45: Difficult/Challenging
41: Fulfilling/Interesting
35: Confusing/Tumultuous
27: Busy/Chaotic
15: Discovery/Educational
Interesting Responses
Broke Naïve
Fun, then Scary Rollercoaster
Hard work Soap Opera
Surprise!
Increasingly Focused
Thrilling!
Interesting Typical
Lonely Unhappy
Lost Vacillating

9. What is this a case of?
Liminality is a conscious state of being
on the "threshold" of or between two
different existential planes
The liminal state is characterized by
ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy.
Liminality and identity
One's sense of identity dissolves to some
extent, bringing about disorientation.
Liminality is a period of transition where
normal limits to thought, self-
understanding, and behavior are relaxed -
a situation which can lead to new
perspectives.[citations needed]

10. Where does this come from?
1 2 3
As many cites as the transaction cost model.
Where does this come from?

11. Where does this really come from?
Transitioning into fatherhood

12. Culture-led change
Separation Change Re-integration
Separation
• Symbolic break with current practices
Create a space for change
• Avoid integration
Preserve a space for change
Parenthesis to keep positive sense of self
• Upset identity
Create an opportunity to craft a new
story

13. Change
• Supply a model of identity
New definition of work
• Create social experiences of identity construction
Learn / discuss in group
• Explore and expose mistakes
Learn in a safe setting
Re-Integration
• Closing the state of change
Face needs to come back to be a motivator and a
control system
• Integration in informal networks
Know where to go for support
• Peripheral participation
Action that is safe for the individual and for the
organization

14. Culture-led change
Separation Change Re-integration
72%
of IT-led change projects are
outsourced

15. challenges &
opportunities
managerial
practices
Groups: Structure
interaction
employees’
practices Individuals: Change in
‘limbo’