The document discusses whether ICT is truly helping learners take the driver's seat in their education. It explores different perspectives from research on how ICT could empower learners, but identifies challenges that have prevented learners from fully benefiting from ICT. These include issues with technology, curriculum, skills, and resistance to change from educational institutions. The document also examines policy dilemmas and the potential for ICT to polarize learning between formal, credentialed paths and informal, self-managed paths. It argues this polarization can be avoided by raising awareness, redefining education goals, and facilitating transition with research support while respecting individual learners.