This study investigated whether the heart tissue is more susceptible than the lung to oxidative effects from long-term exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA). Rats were exposed daily to different doses of ROFA or saline for 90 days. The highest ROFA dose (500 μg) caused an increase in total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, indicating pulmonary inflammation. This dose also increased catalase activity in the lung and markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and catalase levels) in the heart tissue compared to saline controls. The results suggest the heart may be more susceptible than the lung to oxidative effects from chronic ROFA exposure.
This study investigated the effects of inhaling residual oil fly ash (ROFA) particles on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in exercising rats. The key findings were:
1. Rats that inhaled ROFA before exercise showed increased lipid peroxidation (a marker of oxidative stress) in the lungs and heart compared to those that inhaled saline.
2. However, ROFA inhalation did not significantly alter heart rate, blood pressure, or other hemodynamic responses during exercise compared to saline.
3. While ROFA promoted oxidative stress in the lungs and heart, it did not produce significant changes in cardiovascular function during swimming exercise in rats.
This study examined the effects of inhaling urban ambient particles (UAP) during exercise on lung oxidative stress in rats. Rats were exposed to UAP or filtered air during 20 or 60 minutes of swimming exercise. Exposure to UAP for 60 minutes resulted in higher lipid peroxidation and lower catalase activity in the lungs compared to 20 minutes of exposure or filtered air, indicating greater oxidative stress with longer duration of exercise and particle exposure. The findings suggest that exposure to air pollution during exercise may exacerbate oxidative stress in the lungs, especially with longer exercise sessions.
Male and female rats were exposed to mercury (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg) for 12 weeks to investigate the effects on antioxidant enzymes. Mercury exposure inhibited antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase in a gender-specific manner. In female rats, mercury inhibited catalase and superoxide dismutase in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver and kidneys. In male rats, mercury inhibited superoxide dismutase in the liver and catalase in the kidneys. Mercury levels in tissues correlated negatively with antioxidant enzyme levels, specifically in females. The findings support that mercury exposure affects antioxidant defenses differently between males and females.
Al rawi 2018-j._phys.__conf._ser._1003_012012Muna AL-rawi
new Schiff base [I] was prepared by refluxing Amoxicillin trihydrate and 4-Hydroxy-
3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in aqueous methanol solution using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. The
new 1,3-oxazepine derivative [II] was obtained by Diels- Alder reaction of Schiff base [I] with
phthalic anhydride in dry benzene. The reaction of Schiff base [I] with thioglycolic acid in dry
benzene led to the formation of thiazolidin-4-one derivative [III]. While the imidazolidin-4-one [IV]
derivative was produced by reacting the mentioned Schiff base [I] with glycine and triethylamine in
ethanol for 9 hrs. Tetrazole derivative [V] was synthesized by refluxing Schiff base [I] with sodium
azide in dimethylformamid DMF. The structure of synthesized compounds[I-V] was characterized
by their melting points, elemental analysis CHN-S and by their spectral data; FTIR and 1H NMR
spectroscopy. Two cancer cell lines include: (RD) human pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma
and (L20B) the mice intestines carcinoma cell line
The document investigates how cis/trans isomerization impacts the in vivo distribution and clearance of two pairs of ozonide antimalarial drug isomers. In vitro experiments showed the trans isomers degraded more rapidly than the cis isomers in rat blood and liver microsomes, despite higher protein binding of the trans isomers. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated the trans isomers had approximately two-fold shorter half-lives and five to nine-fold higher unbound plasma clearance than the corresponding cis isomers. The results emphasize the importance of conformation in determining the in vivo properties of this class of antimalarial drugs.
An Efficient Synthetic Approach Towards 4-Cyano-3-(Methylthio)-5-Oxo-2H-Pyraz...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: Synthesis of novel heterocyclic 4-cyano -3-(methylthio)-5-oxo-2H-pyrazole-1(5H)- carbothioamide (3) was prepared by condensing ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-bis (methylthio)acrylate (1) with thiosemicarbazide (2) in DMF and catalytic amount of potassium carbonate. Compound (3) has methylthio group at third position, which is replaced by different nucleophiles such as substituted anilines| phenols| hetryl amines| compounds containing active methylene group to afford 3-substituted derivatives of compound (3). All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
The document summarizes the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. It presents the objectives, literature review, synthetic scheme, and procedures for synthesizing 14 derivatives. It provides physicochemical and spectral data characterizing the derivatives. The biological evaluation will assess the compounds' antimicrobial, antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and urease inhibitory activities.
1) The study examined the effects of the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane on muscarinic receptor-mediated excitation and contraction of intestinal smooth muscle.
2) It found that isoflurane strongly inhibited the muscarinic cation current in mouse intestinal cells, reducing carbachol-activated current by 63% and GTPγS-induced current by 44%.
3) Isoflurane also inhibited carbachol-induced contractions of ileum and colon smooth muscle tissues by approximately 30%. The results suggest isoflurane acts by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and G-proteins rather than directly blocking TRPC channels.
This study investigated the effects of inhaling residual oil fly ash (ROFA) particles on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in exercising rats. The key findings were:
1. Rats that inhaled ROFA before exercise showed increased lipid peroxidation (a marker of oxidative stress) in the lungs and heart compared to those that inhaled saline.
2. However, ROFA inhalation did not significantly alter heart rate, blood pressure, or other hemodynamic responses during exercise compared to saline.
3. While ROFA promoted oxidative stress in the lungs and heart, it did not produce significant changes in cardiovascular function during swimming exercise in rats.
This study examined the effects of inhaling urban ambient particles (UAP) during exercise on lung oxidative stress in rats. Rats were exposed to UAP or filtered air during 20 or 60 minutes of swimming exercise. Exposure to UAP for 60 minutes resulted in higher lipid peroxidation and lower catalase activity in the lungs compared to 20 minutes of exposure or filtered air, indicating greater oxidative stress with longer duration of exercise and particle exposure. The findings suggest that exposure to air pollution during exercise may exacerbate oxidative stress in the lungs, especially with longer exercise sessions.
Male and female rats were exposed to mercury (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg) for 12 weeks to investigate the effects on antioxidant enzymes. Mercury exposure inhibited antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase in a gender-specific manner. In female rats, mercury inhibited catalase and superoxide dismutase in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver and kidneys. In male rats, mercury inhibited superoxide dismutase in the liver and catalase in the kidneys. Mercury levels in tissues correlated negatively with antioxidant enzyme levels, specifically in females. The findings support that mercury exposure affects antioxidant defenses differently between males and females.
Al rawi 2018-j._phys.__conf._ser._1003_012012Muna AL-rawi
new Schiff base [I] was prepared by refluxing Amoxicillin trihydrate and 4-Hydroxy-
3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in aqueous methanol solution using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. The
new 1,3-oxazepine derivative [II] was obtained by Diels- Alder reaction of Schiff base [I] with
phthalic anhydride in dry benzene. The reaction of Schiff base [I] with thioglycolic acid in dry
benzene led to the formation of thiazolidin-4-one derivative [III]. While the imidazolidin-4-one [IV]
derivative was produced by reacting the mentioned Schiff base [I] with glycine and triethylamine in
ethanol for 9 hrs. Tetrazole derivative [V] was synthesized by refluxing Schiff base [I] with sodium
azide in dimethylformamid DMF. The structure of synthesized compounds[I-V] was characterized
by their melting points, elemental analysis CHN-S and by their spectral data; FTIR and 1H NMR
spectroscopy. Two cancer cell lines include: (RD) human pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma
and (L20B) the mice intestines carcinoma cell line
The document investigates how cis/trans isomerization impacts the in vivo distribution and clearance of two pairs of ozonide antimalarial drug isomers. In vitro experiments showed the trans isomers degraded more rapidly than the cis isomers in rat blood and liver microsomes, despite higher protein binding of the trans isomers. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated the trans isomers had approximately two-fold shorter half-lives and five to nine-fold higher unbound plasma clearance than the corresponding cis isomers. The results emphasize the importance of conformation in determining the in vivo properties of this class of antimalarial drugs.
An Efficient Synthetic Approach Towards 4-Cyano-3-(Methylthio)-5-Oxo-2H-Pyraz...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: Synthesis of novel heterocyclic 4-cyano -3-(methylthio)-5-oxo-2H-pyrazole-1(5H)- carbothioamide (3) was prepared by condensing ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-bis (methylthio)acrylate (1) with thiosemicarbazide (2) in DMF and catalytic amount of potassium carbonate. Compound (3) has methylthio group at third position, which is replaced by different nucleophiles such as substituted anilines| phenols| hetryl amines| compounds containing active methylene group to afford 3-substituted derivatives of compound (3). All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
The document summarizes the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. It presents the objectives, literature review, synthetic scheme, and procedures for synthesizing 14 derivatives. It provides physicochemical and spectral data characterizing the derivatives. The biological evaluation will assess the compounds' antimicrobial, antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and urease inhibitory activities.
1) The study examined the effects of the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane on muscarinic receptor-mediated excitation and contraction of intestinal smooth muscle.
2) It found that isoflurane strongly inhibited the muscarinic cation current in mouse intestinal cells, reducing carbachol-activated current by 63% and GTPγS-induced current by 44%.
3) Isoflurane also inhibited carbachol-induced contractions of ileum and colon smooth muscle tissues by approximately 30%. The results suggest isoflurane acts by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and G-proteins rather than directly blocking TRPC channels.
Je ponline april2012kaminagakura_zagattoPaulo Redkva
The document examines whether the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) can predict anaerobic capacity as measured by maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Eleven trained runners completed a RAST and tests to determine MAOD. No significant correlations were found between any RAST variables (peak power, mean power, fatigue index, maximal velocity, mean velocity) and MAOD. The study concludes that RAST does not predict anaerobic capacity in runners as measured by MAOD.
- 2-Aminio-5-substituted -1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles
(I) on reaction with formalin in ethanol solvent yielded 2,
2, 2-(1, 3, 5- triazinone- 1, 3, 5-tri-yl)- tris (5-substituted 1,
3, 4-thiadiazoles) (II) in moderate to excellent yields
This document summarizes research on the structure-based design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel peptidic inhibitors of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Peptidic inhibitors were developed based on a known thrombin inhibitor scaffold. Analogs containing D-3,3-diphenylalanine in the P3 position showed improved binding to thrombin's active site and inhibition of platelet aggregation in the low nanomolar range. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed two lead compounds with dissociation constants in the 40-290 nanomolar range. The novel inhibitors show potential as scaffolds for developing anti-thrombotic drugs to treat acute coronary syndrome.
Role of serum trace elements magnesium, copper and zinc, level in Libyan pati...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole 5-Chloroisatin Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed 1...IJAEMSJORNAL
A facile and simple protocol for the ‘Click’ cycloaddition of organic azides with N-propargylchloroisatine catalyzed by CuI, produces in good yields novel of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were obtained. Compared to the uncatalyzed cycloaddition, the yields are significantly improved in the presence of CuI as catalyst, without alteration of the selectivity. The regio- and stereochemistry of the cycloadducts has been corroborated by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Degradation of an organophosphorus insecticide (chlorpyrifos) in simulated wa...Salah Hussein
Induced degradation of chlorpyrifos insecticide in simulated wastewater with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), using ultraviolet irradiation (UV), ozonation and chemical oxidation using (sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, monochloride-isocyanuric acid (MCICA), dichloroiso-cyanuric acid (DCICA), trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) ) was studied. Chlorpyrifos and its degradation products were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) method, identified using GC-MS. Results showed that the degradation of chlorpyrifos in simulated wastewater followed the first order reaction, and its half life was 3.34, 5.64, 7.13 and 10.69h under ozonation, UV, 1.5%TCICA and 1.5%DCICA respectively when chlorpyrifos solutions treated for 12 h. The concentrations of chemical oxidative substances, active chlorine content and time of treatments had a significant effect on degradation rate of chlorpyrifos, which increased with increasing of each. The most enhancement of chlorpyrifos degradation was observed in treatment with ozonation, UV, TCICA and DCICA where the dissipations % of the parent compounds were 85.70, 57.71, 43.71 and 35.07 %, respectively. The intermediates products of chlorpyrifos degradation using chemical method were identified as O,O-Diethyl thiophosphate(DEP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol(TCP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypyridine(TMP) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-pyridine. UV leads to formation of O,O-Diethyl phosphate, TCP and Chlorpyrifos oxon. Ozonation leads to formation of O,O-Diethyl thiophosphate beside the UV degradation products.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel 5-Chlor...IJERA Editor
The development of potential antibacterial requires the synthesis of a new series of 5- Chloroisatin derivatives incorporating various aromatic aldehydes in the case 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition including Nitrile oxide, as well as the cycloaddition Alcyne-Azide Catalytic with Copper. The charcterization of the structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by means of their IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. In addition, the antibacterial properties in vitro were tested against certain microorganisms using the disk diffusion technique. A majority of compounds show better activity against several of the microorganisms.
ABSTRACT- Plants of Polygalaceae family are source of several compounds such as xanthones, coumarins, phenols,
triterpenes, steroids, pyrones derivatives and alkaloids. These plants contain chemical compounds with a large spectrum of
biological activities, including anti-depressant and anti-angiogenic. Moutabea guianensis is an Amazonian species
belongs to the Polygalaceae family. In this work, from roots of M. guianensis were isolated a new xanthone,
3,8-dihydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone, named moutabeone D, and one known xanthone, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-
methoxyxanthone. Column chromatography on silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC led the isolation of these
compounds. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data (HRESIMS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR).
Key-words- Moutabea guianensis, Polygalaceae, Xanthones
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Substitutedthiazolid...paperpublications3
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of substituted thiazolidin-4-ones as potential anticancer agents. A series of 20 substituted thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed using IR, NMR, and other analytical techniques. The compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against lung, colon, and cervical cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds TH10 and TH19 showed the highest anticancer activity, likely due to the presence of electron withdrawing groups at appropriate positions on the thiazolidin-4-one ring structure.
IRJET - Factorial Optimization and Peri-Kinetics of Pharmaceutical Effluent C...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization and kinetics of coag-flocculation of pharmaceutical industry effluent using Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium tuber. Key findings include:
1) The optimal coag-flocculation conditions for maximum TDSS removal were determined to be pH 13, coagulant dosage of 0.3g/l, and settling time of 40 minutes, achieving 98.68% removal efficiency.
2) Kinetic models were developed and applied to experimental data to determine aggregation rate constant (K) and coagulation period (τ1/2), with maximum values of 2.491E-04 l/g.min and 7E-02 min respectively.
3
N-alkylation methods, Characterization and Evaluation of antibacterial activi...IJERA Editor
A series of new 5-Chloroisatin derivates have been synthesized by the method of N-alkylation at room temperature, in the presence of a base and a catalyst with good yields. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by NMR (1H &13C), these new compounds obtained were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The final results revealed that the majority of the compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity against various organisms
Microwave Irradated Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation for their Antibacterial and Larvicidal Activities of some Novel Chalcone and Isoxazole Substituted 9-Anilino Acridines
This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation on marathon runners in Cote d'Ivoire. Ten runners participated in two half-marathons separated by 15 days, taking 5400 mg of spirulina per day during the period in between races. Oxidative stress levels were measured before and after each race via TBARS assays. Results showed oxidative stress levels were reduced by half after spirulina intake compared to no intake, both at rest and after exercise, indicating spirulina's antioxidant properties. Spirulina also led to small increases in weight and blood pressure. The study supports prescribing spirulina to reduce free radical damage in various diseases.
This document describes a method for determining selenium levels in human blood serum using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Palladium was used as a matrix modifier to minimize interference. Blood serum samples were diluted and spiked with known amounts of selenium. Optimal pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were determined to be 1100°C and 2500°C, respectively. Calibration curves were prepared using the standard additions method to account for matrix effects. The method was validated using certified reference materials, with recoveries ranging from 94.6-100.4%. The method achieved a detection limit of 0.60 μg/L and was applied to determine selenium levels in 83 patient serum samples.
Toxic Equivalency Factors for Dioxin-Like PCBsv2zq
This document summarizes a consultation held by the WHO-ECEH and IPCS to derive toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Researchers collected data on the relative toxicities of PCBs compared to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from studies. At the consultation, they analyzed the data to define criteria for TEFs and derive TEFs for 13 PCBs. TEFs indicate the relative toxicity of PCBs compared to TCDD. The consultation recommended expanding the project to include more compounds and exploring separate TEFs for different applications like
A fresh Good morning to everyone, hope all are doing their preparation very well. Here we are providing you the third installment of NEET question paper 2017- SET C.
Download it and do well.
Oxidative stress response of Daphnia magna exposed to silver nanoparticles - ...Tea Crnkovi?
This study evaluated the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Daphnia magna. Four biomarkers were measured: reduced glutathione (GSH) level, reactive oxidative species (ROS) content, and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Exposure to AgNPs increased GSH levels and CAT activity, indicating ROS production. ROS levels initially decreased at low AgNP concentrations but increased at higher concentrations. Ag+ ions were more toxic, with ROS levels significantly decreasing after exposure. The results provide evidence that AgNPs can induce oxidative stress in aquatic organisms and affect toxicity through antioxidant responses.
ABSTRACT- Background: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest chronic infectious diseases; highly endemic in India kills five lakh patients every year. Oxidative Stress plays important role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases including pulmonary tuberculosis. There is hardly any one study available in literature correlating oxidative stress, lipid profile values and antioxidant status together with the pulmonary tuberculosis; so we decided to conduct this study.
Methods: Study group included newly diagnosed 50 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and control group included 50, age and sex matched healthy volunteers and employees. All the cases were subjected to complete physical and systemic examinations, routine investigations including Sputum for AFB by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, AFB culture and Chest X-ray and special tests like Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and findings recorded and statistically analysed.
Results: In the study group with 33 males and 17 females, we were found Serum MDA mean ± SD 2.91±0.99; Serum ADA 38.15±13.47, while the mean levels of pleural fluid MDA and ADA in tubercular patients were found to be 1.65+0.53 nmoles/ml and 56.88+22.1 U/L respectively. While in controls with 61 males and 39 females, these values were 1.72±0.45 nmoles/ml (MDA), 20.15± 6.70 U/L (ADA) respectively.
Conclusion: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) were found statistically significantly higher in study group when compared with control, (p <0.001). Antioxidant plays important role for prevention of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Key-words- Tuberculosis, Malondialdehyde, Adenosine deaminase, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress
The document examines the oxidation of plasmalogens by atomic oxygen (O3P) generated from photodeoxygenation of aromatic heterocyclic oxides. Three key findings are:
1) Irradiation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in aqueous solutions produced four aldehyde products, identified as trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HDA), propanal (PDA), trans,trans-2,4-decadienal (TDA), and 2-hydroxyoctadecanal (2-HDEA). These are suspected to arise from oxidation of plasmalogens in LDL particles.
2) Trace amounts of the same aldehydes were detected when RAW
Je ponline april2012kaminagakura_zagattoPaulo Redkva
The document examines whether the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) can predict anaerobic capacity as measured by maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Eleven trained runners completed a RAST and tests to determine MAOD. No significant correlations were found between any RAST variables (peak power, mean power, fatigue index, maximal velocity, mean velocity) and MAOD. The study concludes that RAST does not predict anaerobic capacity in runners as measured by MAOD.
- 2-Aminio-5-substituted -1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles
(I) on reaction with formalin in ethanol solvent yielded 2,
2, 2-(1, 3, 5- triazinone- 1, 3, 5-tri-yl)- tris (5-substituted 1,
3, 4-thiadiazoles) (II) in moderate to excellent yields
This document summarizes research on the structure-based design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel peptidic inhibitors of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Peptidic inhibitors were developed based on a known thrombin inhibitor scaffold. Analogs containing D-3,3-diphenylalanine in the P3 position showed improved binding to thrombin's active site and inhibition of platelet aggregation in the low nanomolar range. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed two lead compounds with dissociation constants in the 40-290 nanomolar range. The novel inhibitors show potential as scaffolds for developing anti-thrombotic drugs to treat acute coronary syndrome.
Role of serum trace elements magnesium, copper and zinc, level in Libyan pati...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole 5-Chloroisatin Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed 1...IJAEMSJORNAL
A facile and simple protocol for the ‘Click’ cycloaddition of organic azides with N-propargylchloroisatine catalyzed by CuI, produces in good yields novel of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were obtained. Compared to the uncatalyzed cycloaddition, the yields are significantly improved in the presence of CuI as catalyst, without alteration of the selectivity. The regio- and stereochemistry of the cycloadducts has been corroborated by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Degradation of an organophosphorus insecticide (chlorpyrifos) in simulated wa...Salah Hussein
Induced degradation of chlorpyrifos insecticide in simulated wastewater with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), using ultraviolet irradiation (UV), ozonation and chemical oxidation using (sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, monochloride-isocyanuric acid (MCICA), dichloroiso-cyanuric acid (DCICA), trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) ) was studied. Chlorpyrifos and its degradation products were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) method, identified using GC-MS. Results showed that the degradation of chlorpyrifos in simulated wastewater followed the first order reaction, and its half life was 3.34, 5.64, 7.13 and 10.69h under ozonation, UV, 1.5%TCICA and 1.5%DCICA respectively when chlorpyrifos solutions treated for 12 h. The concentrations of chemical oxidative substances, active chlorine content and time of treatments had a significant effect on degradation rate of chlorpyrifos, which increased with increasing of each. The most enhancement of chlorpyrifos degradation was observed in treatment with ozonation, UV, TCICA and DCICA where the dissipations % of the parent compounds were 85.70, 57.71, 43.71 and 35.07 %, respectively. The intermediates products of chlorpyrifos degradation using chemical method were identified as O,O-Diethyl thiophosphate(DEP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol(TCP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypyridine(TMP) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-pyridine. UV leads to formation of O,O-Diethyl phosphate, TCP and Chlorpyrifos oxon. Ozonation leads to formation of O,O-Diethyl thiophosphate beside the UV degradation products.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel 5-Chlor...IJERA Editor
The development of potential antibacterial requires the synthesis of a new series of 5- Chloroisatin derivatives incorporating various aromatic aldehydes in the case 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition including Nitrile oxide, as well as the cycloaddition Alcyne-Azide Catalytic with Copper. The charcterization of the structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by means of their IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. In addition, the antibacterial properties in vitro were tested against certain microorganisms using the disk diffusion technique. A majority of compounds show better activity against several of the microorganisms.
ABSTRACT- Plants of Polygalaceae family are source of several compounds such as xanthones, coumarins, phenols,
triterpenes, steroids, pyrones derivatives and alkaloids. These plants contain chemical compounds with a large spectrum of
biological activities, including anti-depressant and anti-angiogenic. Moutabea guianensis is an Amazonian species
belongs to the Polygalaceae family. In this work, from roots of M. guianensis were isolated a new xanthone,
3,8-dihydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone, named moutabeone D, and one known xanthone, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-
methoxyxanthone. Column chromatography on silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC led the isolation of these
compounds. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data (HRESIMS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR).
Key-words- Moutabea guianensis, Polygalaceae, Xanthones
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Substitutedthiazolid...paperpublications3
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of substituted thiazolidin-4-ones as potential anticancer agents. A series of 20 substituted thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed using IR, NMR, and other analytical techniques. The compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against lung, colon, and cervical cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds TH10 and TH19 showed the highest anticancer activity, likely due to the presence of electron withdrawing groups at appropriate positions on the thiazolidin-4-one ring structure.
IRJET - Factorial Optimization and Peri-Kinetics of Pharmaceutical Effluent C...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization and kinetics of coag-flocculation of pharmaceutical industry effluent using Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium tuber. Key findings include:
1) The optimal coag-flocculation conditions for maximum TDSS removal were determined to be pH 13, coagulant dosage of 0.3g/l, and settling time of 40 minutes, achieving 98.68% removal efficiency.
2) Kinetic models were developed and applied to experimental data to determine aggregation rate constant (K) and coagulation period (τ1/2), with maximum values of 2.491E-04 l/g.min and 7E-02 min respectively.
3
N-alkylation methods, Characterization and Evaluation of antibacterial activi...IJERA Editor
A series of new 5-Chloroisatin derivates have been synthesized by the method of N-alkylation at room temperature, in the presence of a base and a catalyst with good yields. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by NMR (1H &13C), these new compounds obtained were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The final results revealed that the majority of the compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity against various organisms
Microwave Irradated Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation for their Antibacterial and Larvicidal Activities of some Novel Chalcone and Isoxazole Substituted 9-Anilino Acridines
This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation on marathon runners in Cote d'Ivoire. Ten runners participated in two half-marathons separated by 15 days, taking 5400 mg of spirulina per day during the period in between races. Oxidative stress levels were measured before and after each race via TBARS assays. Results showed oxidative stress levels were reduced by half after spirulina intake compared to no intake, both at rest and after exercise, indicating spirulina's antioxidant properties. Spirulina also led to small increases in weight and blood pressure. The study supports prescribing spirulina to reduce free radical damage in various diseases.
This document describes a method for determining selenium levels in human blood serum using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Palladium was used as a matrix modifier to minimize interference. Blood serum samples were diluted and spiked with known amounts of selenium. Optimal pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were determined to be 1100°C and 2500°C, respectively. Calibration curves were prepared using the standard additions method to account for matrix effects. The method was validated using certified reference materials, with recoveries ranging from 94.6-100.4%. The method achieved a detection limit of 0.60 μg/L and was applied to determine selenium levels in 83 patient serum samples.
Toxic Equivalency Factors for Dioxin-Like PCBsv2zq
This document summarizes a consultation held by the WHO-ECEH and IPCS to derive toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Researchers collected data on the relative toxicities of PCBs compared to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from studies. At the consultation, they analyzed the data to define criteria for TEFs and derive TEFs for 13 PCBs. TEFs indicate the relative toxicity of PCBs compared to TCDD. The consultation recommended expanding the project to include more compounds and exploring separate TEFs for different applications like
A fresh Good morning to everyone, hope all are doing their preparation very well. Here we are providing you the third installment of NEET question paper 2017- SET C.
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Oxidative stress response of Daphnia magna exposed to silver nanoparticles - ...Tea Crnkovi?
This study evaluated the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Daphnia magna. Four biomarkers were measured: reduced glutathione (GSH) level, reactive oxidative species (ROS) content, and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Exposure to AgNPs increased GSH levels and CAT activity, indicating ROS production. ROS levels initially decreased at low AgNP concentrations but increased at higher concentrations. Ag+ ions were more toxic, with ROS levels significantly decreasing after exposure. The results provide evidence that AgNPs can induce oxidative stress in aquatic organisms and affect toxicity through antioxidant responses.
ABSTRACT- Background: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest chronic infectious diseases; highly endemic in India kills five lakh patients every year. Oxidative Stress plays important role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases including pulmonary tuberculosis. There is hardly any one study available in literature correlating oxidative stress, lipid profile values and antioxidant status together with the pulmonary tuberculosis; so we decided to conduct this study.
Methods: Study group included newly diagnosed 50 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and control group included 50, age and sex matched healthy volunteers and employees. All the cases were subjected to complete physical and systemic examinations, routine investigations including Sputum for AFB by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, AFB culture and Chest X-ray and special tests like Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and findings recorded and statistically analysed.
Results: In the study group with 33 males and 17 females, we were found Serum MDA mean ± SD 2.91±0.99; Serum ADA 38.15±13.47, while the mean levels of pleural fluid MDA and ADA in tubercular patients were found to be 1.65+0.53 nmoles/ml and 56.88+22.1 U/L respectively. While in controls with 61 males and 39 females, these values were 1.72±0.45 nmoles/ml (MDA), 20.15± 6.70 U/L (ADA) respectively.
Conclusion: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) were found statistically significantly higher in study group when compared with control, (p <0.001). Antioxidant plays important role for prevention of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Key-words- Tuberculosis, Malondialdehyde, Adenosine deaminase, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress
The document examines the oxidation of plasmalogens by atomic oxygen (O3P) generated from photodeoxygenation of aromatic heterocyclic oxides. Three key findings are:
1) Irradiation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in aqueous solutions produced four aldehyde products, identified as trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HDA), propanal (PDA), trans,trans-2,4-decadienal (TDA), and 2-hydroxyoctadecanal (2-HDEA). These are suspected to arise from oxidation of plasmalogens in LDL particles.
2) Trace amounts of the same aldehydes were detected when RAW
Objective(s):
Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are increasingly recognized for their potential applications in aerospace engineering, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation, medicine and consumer products. More importantly is the potential for the application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the treatment of diseases that require maintenance of circulating drug concentration or targeting of specific cells or organs the aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of Ag NP antioxidative biomarkers in rats. Ag NPs are used to investigate the potential risks for the environment and health.
Materials and Methods:
Rats received Ag NP, 5, 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day IP. After two week of treatment, the activity of enzymatic scavengers such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of blood samples were measured.
Results:
Ag NP in 5, 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced activities of CAT, SOD and increased TAC in plasma.
Conclusion:
In this study, Ag NP with 500mg/kg induced activities of CAT, SOD and decreased TAC. It is concluded that antioxidative properties of Ag NP is dose dependent.
Raised Lipid Profile In Rheumatoid Arthritis- A Risk For CVDiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Objective: To study the effects of resveratrol in neuronal structures in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Study Design: Thirty rats were categorized as (1) control group (n=10), saline solution administered i.p. for 14 days, (2) TBI group (n=10), trauma induced by weight-drop model on brain, and (3) TBI+Resveratrol group (n=10), 15 minutes after injury the rats were given resveratrol (10 μmoL/kg/i.p.) for 14 days. At the end of the experiment the cerebellum was excised for routine paraffin tissue protocol. Blood samples were tested for serum biochemical markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH-x).
Results: SOD, GPx, and CAT values were lowest in the TBI group. MDA and histological scores of dilations in vessels, inflammation, degeneration in neurons, apoptosis in microglia, ADAMTS8, and GFAP expressions were highest in the TBI group. Sections of the control group showed normal cerebellar histology. The trauma group showed degenerated ganglion layer, pyknotic and apoptotic Purkinje cell nuclei. Vascular thrombus was seen in the substantia alba and substantia grisea. In the Trauma+Resveratrol group, most pa- thologies observed in the TBI group were improved. In the control group, GFAP protein was expressed in granular cells, axons, dendrites, Purkinje cells, and microglia cells. In the trauma group, increased GFAP expression was observed in glial processes, neurons, and Purkinje cells. In the Trauma+Resveratrol group, GFAP was expressed in molecular layer and glial processes. In the control group, ADAMTS-4 activity was observed in granulosa layer, glial cells, and Purkinje cells. In the trauma group, ADAMTS-4 expression was positive in Purkinje cells and glial cells. In the Trauma+ Resveratrol group, ADAMTS-4 was expressed in Purkinje cells, granular cells, and glial cells.
Conclusion: GFAP and ADAMTS-4 proteins may be involved in regeneration of damaged astroglial cells and other glial cells, Purkinje cells, and synaptic extensions. We suggest that antioxidative drugs such as resveratrol may be alternative target agents in neurological disease.
Keywords: ADAMTS-4, brain, cerebellum, GFAP, rat, resveratrol, traumatic brain injury
Protective role of co q10 or l carnitine on the integrity of the myocardium i...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of different cancers and its clinical usage is hindered by the oxidative injury-related cardiotoxicity. This work aims to declare if the harmful effects of DOX on heart can be alleviated with the use of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or L-carnitine. The study was performed on seventy two female Wistar albino rats divided into six groups, 12 animals each: Control group; DOX group (10mg/kg); CoQ10 group (200mg/kg); L-carnitine group (100mg/kg); DOX+CoQ10 group; DOX+L-carnitine group. CoQ10 and L-carnitine treatment orally started 5days before a single dose of 10mg/kg DOX that injected intraperitoneally (IP) then the treatment continued for 10days. At the end of the study, serum biochemical parameters of cardiac damage, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological changes were investigated. CoQ10 or L-carnitine showed a noticeable effects in improving cardiac functions evidenced reducing serum enzymes as serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Cardiotrophin-1, Troponin-I and Troponin-T. Also, alleviate oxidative stress, decrease of cardiac Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) and restoring cardiac reduced glutathione levels to normal levels. Both corrected the cardiac alterations histologically and ultrastructurally. With a visible improvements in α-SMA, vimentin and eNOS immunohistochemical markers. CoQ10 or L-carnitine supplementation improves the functional and structural integrity of the myocardium.
Keywords: Cardiotoxicity; CoQ10 and L-carnitine; Dox; Vimentin; eNOS.
Chemistry Central Journal 12 (1) jun 2018
DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0443-0
License CC BY 4.0
Purpose: Free radicals are considered as the causative agents of a variety of acute and chronic pathologies. Natural antioxidants have drawn attention of the researchers in recent years for their ability to scavenge free radicals with minimal or even no side effects. This study evaluates the antioxidant capacity of agathisflavone, a naturally occurring biflavonoid by a number of in vitro methods. Methods: Agathisflavone was subjected to DPPH, ABTS, OH and NO radical scavenging assay, reducing potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) test using trolox as a standard. Results: Agathisflavone showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity against all types of free radicals used in this study. The antioxidant capacity, reducing potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed by agathisflavone were comparable to that of trolox. Conclusion: Agathisflavone exhibited antioxidant capacity, which suggests considering this biflavonoid for the use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases precipitated by oxidative stress.
This document summarizes a study examining the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-evoked calcium signaling in human pulmonary fibroblasts. The study found that both acute and overnight PDGF treatment evoked calcium waves in these cells. Blocking external calcium, internal calcium stores, or phospholipase C inhibited the PDGF-evoked calcium waves and PDGF-induced expression of fibronectin and collagen genes. The results indicate that in human pulmonary fibroblasts, PDGF acts through IP3-induced calcium release from internal stores to trigger calcium waves, which then modulate expression of extracellular matrix genes.
1) The document discusses using NMR spectroscopy to analyze the metabolic profiles of clam mantle tissue and cultured lung epithelial cells. Spectra of extracts from different regions of clam mantle and control vs. cigarette smoke-exposed cells were obtained.
2) Glyceraldehyde and glucose levels were able to be quantified and showed differences between tissue and cell types. Glyceraldehyde levels suggested cigarette smoke exposure induced distress in lung cells.
3) Further identification of metabolites was needed using additional database comparisons to fully characterize the metabolic profiles obtained via NMR spectroscopy. Improvements were also needed in cell and tissue collection methods to better preserve metabolite levels.
A Novel Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for The Determination Of Chromiu...IOSRJAC
m-hydroxy benzyl ethylene diamine synthesized by the author in the laboratory has been successfully used as a reagent to form complex with chromium metal in water samples. The estimation of chromium present in various water samples has been carried out by spectrophotometry. Other parameters like effect of pH, reagent concentration, choice of solvent, effect of interference ions has been studied. . This method is simple, sensitive and accuracy comparable with other existing extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Chromium in various water samples.
Background and objectives: the 5’nucleotidase (5’NT) is one of
hydrolytic enzymes present in different organs which catalyze
hydrolysis of 5’ nucleotides to ribonucleosides and phosphate.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation
by oxidative stress (free radicals).
The aim of present study was to measure the serum activity of
5’NT, and MDA concentration in breast tumors.
Material and method: A prospective study was carried out from
May to December 2013 by clinical biochemistry department in
College of Medicine-Hawler Medical University on (30) healthy
female individuals, (group 1) and (30) females with breast tumor
(group 2).
Results: The mean value of serum MDA was significantly higher
in females with breast tumors (group 2), than that of healthy
female individuals, (group 1) (p<0.01),><0.01).
Conclusion: Based on findings of the present study it can be
concluded that breast tumors can cause release of the enzyme
5’NT from tumor cells, and lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen
species (ROS), which cause elevation of MDA.
A study on the antioxidant defense system in breast cancer patients.Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems in breast cancer patients. The study measured levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant potential (AOP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate in 40 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy controls. The results found increased MDA, SOD, and nitrite levels and decreased GSH and AOP levels in breast cancer patients compared to controls, indicating higher oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in patients. This suggests an imbalance between free radical generation and antioxidant defense that may contribute to breast cancer development.
A study on the antioxidant defense system in breast cancer patients.Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the antioxidant defense system in breast cancer patients. The study measured levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant potential (AOP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate in 40 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy controls. The results found increased MDA, SOD, and nitrite levels and decreased GSH and AOP levels in breast cancer patients compared to controls, indicating higher oxidative stress in patients from increased free radicals and lower antioxidant defenses.
Biomarkers provide a concise way to monitor aquatic environments. Current monitoring methods have limitations, but biomarkers can indicate exposure to pollutants and their effects. Biomarkers are measured at different biological levels from cells to whole organisms. They are used globally to assess contaminant impacts and identify stressors. In India, biomarkers have been applied to coastal waters to study effects of metals, oil, and pesticides on species. Biomarkers are a valuable tool for environmental monitoring when chosen carefully based on sensitivity, specificity, and other factors.
Ruolo dello stress ossidativo nei vari stadi della psoriasiCreAgri Europe
1) The study examined oxidative stress in patients with mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis by measuring markers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity.
2) It found that levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly higher in psoriasis patients and increased with disease severity. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in patients.
3) The results suggest that increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased antioxidant defenses may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of psoriasis. Managing oxidative stress could be a potential strategy for treating psoriasis.
The Pesticides Peer Review evaluated the toxicological properties of glyphosate. They concluded glyphosate is unlikely to be genotoxic or carcinogenic based on animal and human studies. Some studies reported increased tumors in rats and mice, but the peer review determined these were not toxicologically relevant. Regarding developmental toxicity in rabbits, some studies reported effects like cardiac malformations, but these occurred at maternally toxic doses. The majority view was glyphosate does not require classification for developmental toxicity. The peer review set the acceptable daily intake and reference dose for glyphosate based on developmental toxicity observed in rabbits.
Monitoring histological changes in oral mucosa using AgNORs as biomarkers for...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Meta analysis of randomized controlled trials of 4weeks or longerwahyu purnama
This meta-analysis examined the effects of curcumin supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress based on data from eight clinical trials involving 626 patients. The analysis found that curcumin supplementation significantly reduced levels of the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde in the blood and significantly increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Curcumin supplementation did not significantly change levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells. The effects of curcumin on reducing malondialdehyde were greater at higher curcuminoid doses and when curcumin was combined with piperine. However, the disease states or treatment durations did not significantly impact these effects. Overall, the results suggest that curcumin
The document summarizes a study that characterized four salt forms (hydrochloride, mesylate, sulfate, and tosylate) of the poorly soluble drug albendazole using various analytical techniques. Key findings include:
1) The different salt forms showed significant differences in their physicochemical properties, especially hygroscopicity (rank order: sulfate > hydrochloride > tosylate > mesylate) and dissolution rate (rank order depends on pH but all salts dissolved faster than the free base).
2) The mesylate salt form was identified as having highly improved properties relative to the other salts and the free base.
3) Extensive physicochemical characterization of multiple properties is necessary to
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Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
2. 534 R. M. Damiani et al.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods
These authors also found a tissue-dependent increase in
some antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase
(SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, the authors
demonstratedthat24hafterCAPsexposure,lungsrestored
their oxidant balance (Gurgueira et al. 2002).
Based in the facts that the absolute number of deaths
attributable to PM is higher for cardiac toxicity than the
pulmonar adverse effects (Dockery, 2001; Frampton,
2001), we decided to investigate whether oxidants play a
role in the cardiac PM toxicity induced by chronic treat-
ment with different doses of ROFA, including its involve-
ment in the lung inflammation.
Methods
Animals
Male Wistar rats, aged 45 days, from the Animal Facility
of Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto
Alegre were used. The animals were kept in plastic cages
(47 cm × 34 cm × 18 cm) under controlled humidity
(75–85%), temperature (22 ± 2°C), with a 12 h light-dark
period. They had free access to water and to a standard
laboratory diet (Supra-lab, Alisul Alimentos S/A, Brazil).
All animals used in the research were treated humanely,
with due consideration to the alleviation of distress and
discomfort. All experimental procedures were approved
by the Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde Ethical
Committee for Research (370/07).
Characterization of particles
Residual oil fly ash was obtained from a steel industry
placedinSaoPaulo,Brazil.Theparticleelementswereana-
lyzed by neutron activation analysis and presented the fol-
lowed composition: Br, 1.4 ± 19 μg g-1
; Ce, 16.3 ± 0.3 μg g-1
;
Co, 9.9 ± 0.25 μg g-1
; Cr, 107.7 ± 1.4 μg g-1
; Fe, 1058.9 ± 2.37
μg g-1
; La, 10.3 ± 0.1 μg g-1
; Mn, 3.8 ± 24 μg g-1
; Rb, 719.7 ±
1.0 μg g-1
; Sb, 2.2 ± 0.9 μg g-1
; As, 154.4 ± 0.8 μg g-1
; V, 35 ±
4 μg g-1
; Zn, 491.9 ± 3.1 μg g-1
. The values are expressed as
the means ± standard deviation. The mean aerodynamic
diameter was 1.2 ± 2.24 μm (Medeiros et al., 2004).
Experimental design
Rats were divided into four treatment groups: ROFA 500
µg/10 µL (n = 20), ROFA 250 µg/10 µL (n = 20), ROFA 50
µg/10 µL (n = 20) and Saline 10 µL (n = 20). The animals
wereexposedtoROFAbyintranasalinstillation,onceaday,
during 90 days. Twenty-four hours after the last instillation,
10 rats from each group were used to obtain the bron-
choalveolar lavage (BAL). The remainder were euthanized
by decapitation and lung and heart were removed and
immediately frozen (−80°C) to perform TBARS, superoxide
dismutase and catalase determinations.
Inflammation parameters
Bronchoalveolar lavage
The rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital
(50 mg/Kg body weight) and their lungs were washed
through the trachea using three aliquots of 7 mL of sterile
saline. Each aliquot represents one in-and-out recovery of
fluid. The obtained fluid was centrifuged at 400 × g at 4°C.
Total cell counts were determined after trypan blue stain-
ing using a Neubauer chamber. Total protein levels, as a
measure of vascular permeability, were measured in the
first lavage from each sample using the Bradford method
(Bradford, 1976). As a marker of toxicity, lactate dehy-
drogenase (LDH) activity was analyzed by a colorimetric
method (Labtest, Brazil). These measurements were car-
ried out in a Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 spectrophotometer
(Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Shelton, USA).
Oxidative stress parameters
Tissue preparation
Tissue samples were homogenized in 5 volumes (lung)
and 7 volumes (heart) of 120 mM KCl and 30 mM sodium
phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.5 mM phenylmeth-
anesulfonyl fluoride as a protease inhibitor, at 0–4°C. The
suspensionswerecentrifugedat600×gfor10minat0–4°C
to remove nuclei and cell debris. The pellets were dis-
carded and the supernatant were used as homogenates.
Determination of lipid peroxidation
Lung and heart tissue homogenates were precipitated
with 10% TCA, centrifuged and incubated with thiobar-
bituric acid (0.67%) (Sigma Chem. Co., St Louis, MO) for
60 min at 100°C. Malondialdeyde (MDA) were extracted
using butanol (1:1;v/v) and measured at 535 nm. The
concentration of MDA was expressed in nM MDA/mg of
protein. Tissue protein was quantified using the Bradford
assay (Bradford, 1976).
Catalase activity
The CAT tissue activity was performed according to Aebi
(1984) at 240 nm, during 120 s. Data are expressed in
pmol/mg protein.
Superoxide dismutase activity
The SOD tissue activity was measured as described by
Maklund (1985). This method is based on capacity of
pyrogallol to autoxidize. The pyrogallol autoxidation is
inhibited in presence of SOD, whose activity can be mea-
sured using a double-beam spectrophotometer at 420 nm.
One unit of SOD is represented as units per milligram
protein.
Statistical analysis
Data are given as mean ± standard deviation. One-Way
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD
test was used to compare data among the different
groups. The level of significance was set at 5%. All
statistical analyses were carried out using Sigma-Stat 2.0
Software (Jandel Corporation, 1992–1995). The sample
size were based in previous studies from our laboratory
which demonstrated that this number of animals is fully
sufficient for a statistical analysis (Pereira et al. 2007;
Zanchi, 2008).
4. 536 R. M. Damiani et al.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods
detected, in the same group, an increase in the total cell
counts from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This is the first
report that links oxidative cardiopulmonary changes and
long-term exposure to ROFA.
The doses of pollutant used in our study were based in
a previous work which demonstrated that a single intra-
tracheal instillation of 500 µg PM was capable of inducing
functional cardiopulmonary changes in rats (Rivero et al.
2005). We chose the above mentioned concentration and
two lower doses (250 and 50 µg) trying to determinate a
dose-response influence. ROFA has been useful as sur-
rogate for ambient air PM in many biological studies
because of its composition, especially rich in metals.
Data suggests that ambient air and other particles emis-
sion sources follow a comparable mechanism of action
as ROFA including phosphorylation reactions, transcrip-
tion factor activation, mediators release and inflamma-
tory injury (Ghio et al., 2002).
In terms of pulmonary inflammatory parameters, we
observedanincreaseinthecountoftotalcellsinthegroup
of animals which received the highest dose of ROFA,
when compared to Saline group. In addition, we did not
detect any difference in protein and LDH concentration
in BAL when compared to all treatment groups. ROFA
exposure triggers an inflammatory process that includes
leukocyte recruitment, activation and increased alveolar
macrophages count (Becker, 2002) Alveolar macrophages
are the most important cells involved in lung inflamma-
tion response caused by particle inhalation. (Lohmann-
Matthes et al. 1994). Oberdörster et al. have demonstrated
that the alveolar macrophage recruitment and the over-
flow of plasmatic proteins in alveoli, after inhalation of
particles with less than 2.5 µm, are triggered by differ-
ent events and could occur separately. Because higher
doses resulted in an increased interstialized fraction of
particles, those authors suggested that inflammatory
Figure 2. Oxidative stress in lung of rats exposed for ninety days to three different concentrations of Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) or Saline
(n = 10 per group). Data are demonstrated as mean ± standard deviation of the mean. A: malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in lung. B:
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in lung. C: Catalase activity in lung. *Statistical difference when compared with all others treatment
groups. Tukey's HSD test, p = 0.013.
6. 538 R. M. Damiani et al.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods
a direct contact with the environment with respect to
both injury and treatment. The alveoli are in a unique
position in the body, where exogenous air encounters
a thin cellular layer consisting of only about two cells
beyond which immediate contact occurs with a refined
organ with particular tasks, definitely requiring the
structural integrity of the organ (Lohmann-Matthes,
1994).
On the other hand, the increased level of CAT
observed in heart tissue of rats which received 500
µg/10 µL (ROFA) was not greater enough to protect tis-
sue against ROS. This is demonstrated by the high level
of MDA in heart tissue of animals that were submitted
to high concentration of ROFA during ninety consecu-
tive days. Similarly to muscles and brain, heart has high
endogenous levels of hydrogen peroxide because of
its poor concentration of CAT in physiological status
(Scandalios, 2005). A large number of reports have
suggested that H2
O2
is an important mediator in the
vasculature inducing vascular constriction (Matoba
et al. 2000; Jones Morice 2000). Suvorava and Kojda
(2009) described that a reduction of steady-state con-
centrations of vascular hydrogen peroxide induced by
an endothelial-specific overexpression of human CAT
resulted in a marked reduction of systolic blood pressure
in mice, demonstrating the importance of maintenance
of basal levels of hydrogen peroxide in the circulatory
system. Exogenous H2
O2
also evokes airway reflexes
involving lung vagal afferents that results in changes in
autonomic tonus in heart (Ruan et al. 2003) Pulmonary
exposure to ROFA causes oxidative stress in heart first
by autonomic stimulation (Ghelfi et al. 2008, Rhoden
et al. 2005), production of ROS, release of inflammatory
mediators in lung and heart (Rhoden et al. 2004; 2005)
and by PM fractions that gains access to the systemic cir-
culation and also by a direct interaction with the heart
(Oberdörster et al. 2002). All of those observations have
a common sense: lead to an increased production of
H2
O2
causing an oxidative misbalance in heart. Several
new epidemiological studies have demonstrated that
living in locations with higher long-term average PM
concentrations increases the risk for cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality vastly exceeding the risk noted
with short-term exposure (Miller et al. 2007; Puett et al.
2008). Also, PM air pollution has been linked with endo-
thelial dysfunction, systemic oxidative and inflamma-
tory responses and the progression of atherosclerosis
(Mills et al. 2007; Sun 2005).
Conclusion
The present study demonstrated cardiopulmonary oxi-
dative changes after a chronic ROFA exposure. More spe-
cifically, the heart tissue seems to be more susceptible to
oxidative effects of long-term exposure to ROFA than the
lung. These results suggest that oxidative damage medi-
ated by H2
O2
, may be one of the mechanisms involved in
cardiac toxicity related to PM exposure.
Declaration of interest
This work was supported by Universidade Federal de
Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Coordenação
de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior –
CAPES and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq.
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