This document summarizes research on using Raman spectroscopy to analyze pearls. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify the primary matrix of pearls and determine their nature of origin as natural, cultured, dyed, irradiated, or imitation. It detects natural pigments on pearls and sometimes detects color treatments. The color of pearls is determined by the host mollusc species and environment. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique that provides fingerprints to identify pearls and understand their color origins.
Pearl is said to be a natural and organic gemstone which is quite popular among people around the world due to its eloquent colors and high end characteristics. The stone pearl is being associated with the important planet Moon, which signifies peace, intellect, wisdom, happiness and joy. - See more at: http://pearl.org.in/
This document provides an overview of pearl culture, including a brief history, the types of pearls and mollusks that produce them, how pearls are formed and graded for quality, the process of culturing pearls, and conclusions about the value and development of pearl farming. It covers topics such as the first successful efforts to culture pearls in Japan and India, the species of oysters used for different types of cultured pearls, and the procedures involved in implanting tissue grafts and harvesting mature pearls. Images are also included to illustrate pearl types and formation.
The document discusses gemstones found in Ethiopia. It describes several types of gemstones found in the country's Precambrian and Phanerozoic rock formations, including ruby, sapphire, garnet, beryl and tourmaline. Two important gemstone belts in southern and central Ethiopia - the Moyle-Mega-Yavello belt and Mozozo-Wollo-Gonder belt - contain various gemstones like beryl, corundum, garnet and quartz. Unique opal and amber deposits are also described near Debre Berhan. Ethiopia thus has a variety of gemstone resources occurring in its geologic terrains.
Pearls are formed within the soft tissue of mollusks and other shelled animals as a defense mechanism against irritants. They are composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite or calcite deposited in concentric layers. Pearls have been highly valued for their beauty and rarity for centuries. While softer than other gemstones, pearls are one of the few that do not require cutting or polishing to enhance their natural beauty.
IRJET - Water Quality and Chemical Analysis of Marine CulturedPearland its Oy...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the water quality and chemical composition of marine cultured pearls and their oyster shells. The study used ED-XRF spectroscopy to detect trace elements in pearls and shells from five oysters cultured in seawater. The analysis found that calcium was the main element in most samples, with strontium as a minor trace element. The chemical composition of trace elements was similar between pearl nacre and oyster shell nacre. Water quality parameters like fluoride, iron, nitrate, chloride, chlorine, pH, turbidity and hardness were also measured. The results may help the pearl industry better understand how water quality influences pearl and shell properties.
World Gem Traders is a company based in Thailand that imports gemstones from Africa and polishes them in Bangkok to sell worldwide. It offers various investment plans starting at $100 with returns of 0.5-1% daily. Income is earned through direct referral commissions, a binary system, leadership bonuses on referrals' returns, and early investor bonuses for those who invest before December 2018. Withdrawals have daily caps and a 10% fee, and the company sources gemstones internationally to provide customers with rare, high-quality stones.
Pearl is mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusc or another animal, such as a conulariid.
TYPES, Environmental conditions, STEPS IN PEARL FARMING , Pearl Quality, Uses of Pearl.
This document provides an overview of gemstones, including their physical and optical properties, shapes and cuts, and synthetics and simulants. It discusses the key properties used to identify gemstones such as crystal habit, specific gravity, hardness, refractive index, and luminescence. Different cutting styles including cabochon and faceted cuts are described. The document also covers synthetic gemstones which mimic natural stones, and simulants which have similar appearances but different properties. It aims to equip gemologists with the knowledge to distinguish natural gems from synthetics or enhanced stones.
Pearl is said to be a natural and organic gemstone which is quite popular among people around the world due to its eloquent colors and high end characteristics. The stone pearl is being associated with the important planet Moon, which signifies peace, intellect, wisdom, happiness and joy. - See more at: http://pearl.org.in/
This document provides an overview of pearl culture, including a brief history, the types of pearls and mollusks that produce them, how pearls are formed and graded for quality, the process of culturing pearls, and conclusions about the value and development of pearl farming. It covers topics such as the first successful efforts to culture pearls in Japan and India, the species of oysters used for different types of cultured pearls, and the procedures involved in implanting tissue grafts and harvesting mature pearls. Images are also included to illustrate pearl types and formation.
The document discusses gemstones found in Ethiopia. It describes several types of gemstones found in the country's Precambrian and Phanerozoic rock formations, including ruby, sapphire, garnet, beryl and tourmaline. Two important gemstone belts in southern and central Ethiopia - the Moyle-Mega-Yavello belt and Mozozo-Wollo-Gonder belt - contain various gemstones like beryl, corundum, garnet and quartz. Unique opal and amber deposits are also described near Debre Berhan. Ethiopia thus has a variety of gemstone resources occurring in its geologic terrains.
Pearls are formed within the soft tissue of mollusks and other shelled animals as a defense mechanism against irritants. They are composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite or calcite deposited in concentric layers. Pearls have been highly valued for their beauty and rarity for centuries. While softer than other gemstones, pearls are one of the few that do not require cutting or polishing to enhance their natural beauty.
IRJET - Water Quality and Chemical Analysis of Marine CulturedPearland its Oy...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the water quality and chemical composition of marine cultured pearls and their oyster shells. The study used ED-XRF spectroscopy to detect trace elements in pearls and shells from five oysters cultured in seawater. The analysis found that calcium was the main element in most samples, with strontium as a minor trace element. The chemical composition of trace elements was similar between pearl nacre and oyster shell nacre. Water quality parameters like fluoride, iron, nitrate, chloride, chlorine, pH, turbidity and hardness were also measured. The results may help the pearl industry better understand how water quality influences pearl and shell properties.
World Gem Traders is a company based in Thailand that imports gemstones from Africa and polishes them in Bangkok to sell worldwide. It offers various investment plans starting at $100 with returns of 0.5-1% daily. Income is earned through direct referral commissions, a binary system, leadership bonuses on referrals' returns, and early investor bonuses for those who invest before December 2018. Withdrawals have daily caps and a 10% fee, and the company sources gemstones internationally to provide customers with rare, high-quality stones.
Pearl is mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusc or another animal, such as a conulariid.
TYPES, Environmental conditions, STEPS IN PEARL FARMING , Pearl Quality, Uses of Pearl.
This document provides an overview of gemstones, including their physical and optical properties, shapes and cuts, and synthetics and simulants. It discusses the key properties used to identify gemstones such as crystal habit, specific gravity, hardness, refractive index, and luminescence. Different cutting styles including cabochon and faceted cuts are described. The document also covers synthetic gemstones which mimic natural stones, and simulants which have similar appearances but different properties. It aims to equip gemologists with the knowledge to distinguish natural gems from synthetics or enhanced stones.
Pearl is said to be a natural and organic gemstone which is quite popular among people around the world due to its eloquent colors and high end characteristics. The stone pearl is being associated with the important planet Moon, which signifies peace, intellect, wisdom, happiness and joy.
Pearls are formed inside oysters and mussels as a natural defense against irritants like parasites that enter the shell. The mollusk secretes layers of aragonite and conchiolin which create nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl, that encases the irritant and protects the animal. When cultured commercially, an irritant is inserted to promote pearl formation, which can take between 6 months to 4 years to develop. The value of pearls varies significantly based on factors like type, size, color, and quality, ranging on average from $300 to $1500 or 22,000Rs to 1,00,000Rs in Indian currency, with wild pearls being more valuable than cultured ones
Pearl represents the moon as per indian astrology and believes. It is being advocated by the astrologers that wearing this stone will bring the favorable and enchanting power of moon in the aura of a human being. The pearl or moti is related with moon which is known to be related with the water
element,thus, it has lot of calming effect on its wearer. It is also
known as queen of gemstone and emblem of purity and
innocence.
The best Pearl is round and smooth with unique lustrous, yet other shapes of Pearl also exist. The planet Moon glitters through its pearl gemstone on the shores on land. Moon is the symbol of Love and Beauty. Pearl is one of the oldest gemstones and was considered the most valuable. One can easily differentiate between Natural Pearls and Cultured Pearls. In modern era, pearls are cultured by man. Mostly they are from Japan.
Drishti gems labs has a sparkle for each sun signDrishti Gems
We are globally leading suppliers of undisputed gemstones. Which are natural in color and lab-tested certificates. If you want to know about gemstones then visit our website or contact us at +91 78144-74383.
This document provides an overview of a short course on gemology taught at Somaville University. It defines gemology as the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It then discusses what constitutes a gemstone and provides details on hardness, clarity, treatments, and sources for several precious and semi-precious gemstones including diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz, zircon, and spinel. Requirements for good quality gemstones are outlined. Mohs scale of hardness is also explained.
Gems are minerals or organic materials that are cut and polished for use in jewelry and decoration. Most gems are minerals with specific chemical compositions and crystal structures, though some like pearls are organic. Common gemstones include quartz (as amethyst or citrine), corundum (as ruby or sapphire), beryl (as emerald or aquamarine), and garnet which comes in a variety of colors. Each gemstone has unique optical and physical properties that allow for their identification. They are an important part of the jewelry trade.
Pearl gemstone is an organic gemstone form inside the sea. Since from centuries pearls have been remarked as the symbol of purity and beauty. The pearl stone is widely being collected from different regions of the world and in many cultures and tradition pearl gemstone is widely being worn and appreciated. There are different types of pearl gemstone spotted around the world. - See more at: http://pearl.org.in/types-of-pearl-gemstone/
This document provides information about gemstones. It begins with learning outcomes related to gemology, where gemstones are found, their formation processes, colors, types (natural, synthetic, imitation), and some of the rarest gemstones. It then discusses what gemologists are and where gemstones are typically located around the world. The document outlines the main formation processes of gemstones and lists some precious gemstones. Finally, it discusses some gemstones believed to have health benefits such as rose quartz, garnet, and amethyst.
Whenever you purchase cultured pearls from your local jeweler you will often be met with some jargons and terminologies that you might not be that familiar with.
Do You Want To Know Different Types Of Pearls?fernandez06
There are several types of pearls available including natural, cultured, South Sea, and freshwater pearls. Natural pearls form randomly in nature without human intervention and are rare and expensive. Cultured pearls are farm-raised by placing a bead in mollusks which creates a pearl. South Sea pearls are large and come in various shapes and colors. Freshwater pearls are smaller and come from mussels in various shapes and colors. Imitation pearls are glass beads coated to resemble pearls.
MYANMAR PEARLS SUSTAINABLE MARKET
https://burma.irrawaddy.com/business/2018/06/25/161957.html
ျမန္မာ့ပုလဲ တ႐ုတ္ဝယ္လက္ မ်ား
https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-pearl-farms-focus-quality-sustainable-production.html
Myanmar pearl farms to focus on quality, sustainable production
https://www.mmbiztoday.com/articles/can-pearls-be-southern-myanmars-new-big-industry
http://www.karipearls.com/natural-pearl-from-burma.html
Natural Pearl from Burma-by Kate
This document summarizes a research study on consumers' perceptions of branded jewelry products from Malabar Gold in Thiruvananthapuram City, India. The study found that the majority of respondents were between 26-35 years old, post-graduate educated, and had a monthly income between Rs. 10,001-20,000. Malabar Gold offers several branded jewelry lines including diamonds, uncut diamonds, precious gems, children's jewelry, and bridal collections. The objectives of the study were to understand factors influencing consumers' preferences for branded jewelry and their awareness of Malabar Gold's product lines. The methodology involved surveys of 180 consumers using random sampling.
This document provides information about pearls and pearl culture. It discusses the history of pearl culture, types of pearls (natural, cultured, artificial), molluscs used for pearl production, the basic structure and formation of pearls, the pearl culture technique involving collection of oysters, nucleus insertion, post-care, and harvesting, composition of pearls, enemies of pearl culture like biofouling organisms and predators, and the economic importance of pearls.
Gemmology is a vast subject to learn about all the Gemstones, their properties, occurrences, geographical location, geometrical structure or formations, various colour shades, transparency to opaque, sheen & luster, cuts & shapes, carat & cost, testing through various instruments & devices for their Real, synthetics or simulants.
Chordia Jewels exclusive fine jewelry & gemstoneChordia Gemstone
Chordia Jewel's treasure hub for custom fine jewelry, gemstone & crafted jewelry. chordia jewels brought jewelry from the depth of the earth's crust to serve you.
KNOW ABOUT PEARL GEMSTONE JEWELRY AND EXPENSIVE GEMSTONEPearl Gemstone
Pearl gemstone is also names in Hindi Moti stone and related to Planet Moon ( Chander ), There are 4 types of pearl gemstone which is Akoya pearl, Freshwater pearl, Tahitian Pearl, South Sea Pearl. and Pearl gemstone jewelry are mainly used to wear for exquisite beauty and classic look, Pearl jewelry is extremely popular among women of all ages. It can be worn on all occasions it should be in a marriage, engagement, parties or office. The beautiful and elegant white color of this stone suit every occasion. we are going to share more detail, Let's check it out .
Marine aquarium decoration and live rocksRaheem P K
This document discusses marine aquarium decoration and live rocks. It describes various decoration options including substrates, artificial and live plants, action ornaments made from driftwood, rocks and corals. Live rocks are discussed as being rubble from coral reefs containing living organisms that provide benefits in saltwater aquariums as biological filters, hiding spaces and food for fish and invertebrates. The document provides details on substrates, artificial and live plants, action ornaments and backgrounds that can enhance the look of an aquarium while providing benefits to its inhabitants.
The document discusses natural gemstones, including their definitions, uses in jewelry and magic, and qualities when raw versus cut. It provides descriptions of common gemstones for sale such as quartz, tourmaline, aquamarine and citrine. Price lists are included with per carat values depending on factors like color, clarity and cut. Bi-color tourmaline options are also listed.
Gems are expensive mineral stones that provide links between various scientific fields. There are about 150 natural gem compounds. Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires sell at the highest prices due to their beauty, rarity, traditions, and perceptions of permanence. Gems have characteristics like color, refractive index, dispersion, absorption, and facets that make them attractive. Their properties like hardness, chemical stability, and double refraction also provide practical applications beyond decoration. Many gems like quartz, topaz, and tourmaline are studied scientifically or believed to have healing properties according to traditions.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
More Related Content
Similar to IRJET - RAMAN Scattering: Fingerprint for Identification of Nature and Color Origin of Pearls
Pearl is said to be a natural and organic gemstone which is quite popular among people around the world due to its eloquent colors and high end characteristics. The stone pearl is being associated with the important planet Moon, which signifies peace, intellect, wisdom, happiness and joy.
Pearls are formed inside oysters and mussels as a natural defense against irritants like parasites that enter the shell. The mollusk secretes layers of aragonite and conchiolin which create nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl, that encases the irritant and protects the animal. When cultured commercially, an irritant is inserted to promote pearl formation, which can take between 6 months to 4 years to develop. The value of pearls varies significantly based on factors like type, size, color, and quality, ranging on average from $300 to $1500 or 22,000Rs to 1,00,000Rs in Indian currency, with wild pearls being more valuable than cultured ones
Pearl represents the moon as per indian astrology and believes. It is being advocated by the astrologers that wearing this stone will bring the favorable and enchanting power of moon in the aura of a human being. The pearl or moti is related with moon which is known to be related with the water
element,thus, it has lot of calming effect on its wearer. It is also
known as queen of gemstone and emblem of purity and
innocence.
The best Pearl is round and smooth with unique lustrous, yet other shapes of Pearl also exist. The planet Moon glitters through its pearl gemstone on the shores on land. Moon is the symbol of Love and Beauty. Pearl is one of the oldest gemstones and was considered the most valuable. One can easily differentiate between Natural Pearls and Cultured Pearls. In modern era, pearls are cultured by man. Mostly they are from Japan.
Drishti gems labs has a sparkle for each sun signDrishti Gems
We are globally leading suppliers of undisputed gemstones. Which are natural in color and lab-tested certificates. If you want to know about gemstones then visit our website or contact us at +91 78144-74383.
This document provides an overview of a short course on gemology taught at Somaville University. It defines gemology as the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It then discusses what constitutes a gemstone and provides details on hardness, clarity, treatments, and sources for several precious and semi-precious gemstones including diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz, zircon, and spinel. Requirements for good quality gemstones are outlined. Mohs scale of hardness is also explained.
Gems are minerals or organic materials that are cut and polished for use in jewelry and decoration. Most gems are minerals with specific chemical compositions and crystal structures, though some like pearls are organic. Common gemstones include quartz (as amethyst or citrine), corundum (as ruby or sapphire), beryl (as emerald or aquamarine), and garnet which comes in a variety of colors. Each gemstone has unique optical and physical properties that allow for their identification. They are an important part of the jewelry trade.
Pearl gemstone is an organic gemstone form inside the sea. Since from centuries pearls have been remarked as the symbol of purity and beauty. The pearl stone is widely being collected from different regions of the world and in many cultures and tradition pearl gemstone is widely being worn and appreciated. There are different types of pearl gemstone spotted around the world. - See more at: http://pearl.org.in/types-of-pearl-gemstone/
This document provides information about gemstones. It begins with learning outcomes related to gemology, where gemstones are found, their formation processes, colors, types (natural, synthetic, imitation), and some of the rarest gemstones. It then discusses what gemologists are and where gemstones are typically located around the world. The document outlines the main formation processes of gemstones and lists some precious gemstones. Finally, it discusses some gemstones believed to have health benefits such as rose quartz, garnet, and amethyst.
Whenever you purchase cultured pearls from your local jeweler you will often be met with some jargons and terminologies that you might not be that familiar with.
Do You Want To Know Different Types Of Pearls?fernandez06
There are several types of pearls available including natural, cultured, South Sea, and freshwater pearls. Natural pearls form randomly in nature without human intervention and are rare and expensive. Cultured pearls are farm-raised by placing a bead in mollusks which creates a pearl. South Sea pearls are large and come in various shapes and colors. Freshwater pearls are smaller and come from mussels in various shapes and colors. Imitation pearls are glass beads coated to resemble pearls.
MYANMAR PEARLS SUSTAINABLE MARKET
https://burma.irrawaddy.com/business/2018/06/25/161957.html
ျမန္မာ့ပုလဲ တ႐ုတ္ဝယ္လက္ မ်ား
https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-pearl-farms-focus-quality-sustainable-production.html
Myanmar pearl farms to focus on quality, sustainable production
https://www.mmbiztoday.com/articles/can-pearls-be-southern-myanmars-new-big-industry
http://www.karipearls.com/natural-pearl-from-burma.html
Natural Pearl from Burma-by Kate
This document summarizes a research study on consumers' perceptions of branded jewelry products from Malabar Gold in Thiruvananthapuram City, India. The study found that the majority of respondents were between 26-35 years old, post-graduate educated, and had a monthly income between Rs. 10,001-20,000. Malabar Gold offers several branded jewelry lines including diamonds, uncut diamonds, precious gems, children's jewelry, and bridal collections. The objectives of the study were to understand factors influencing consumers' preferences for branded jewelry and their awareness of Malabar Gold's product lines. The methodology involved surveys of 180 consumers using random sampling.
This document provides information about pearls and pearl culture. It discusses the history of pearl culture, types of pearls (natural, cultured, artificial), molluscs used for pearl production, the basic structure and formation of pearls, the pearl culture technique involving collection of oysters, nucleus insertion, post-care, and harvesting, composition of pearls, enemies of pearl culture like biofouling organisms and predators, and the economic importance of pearls.
Gemmology is a vast subject to learn about all the Gemstones, their properties, occurrences, geographical location, geometrical structure or formations, various colour shades, transparency to opaque, sheen & luster, cuts & shapes, carat & cost, testing through various instruments & devices for their Real, synthetics or simulants.
Chordia Jewels exclusive fine jewelry & gemstoneChordia Gemstone
Chordia Jewel's treasure hub for custom fine jewelry, gemstone & crafted jewelry. chordia jewels brought jewelry from the depth of the earth's crust to serve you.
KNOW ABOUT PEARL GEMSTONE JEWELRY AND EXPENSIVE GEMSTONEPearl Gemstone
Pearl gemstone is also names in Hindi Moti stone and related to Planet Moon ( Chander ), There are 4 types of pearl gemstone which is Akoya pearl, Freshwater pearl, Tahitian Pearl, South Sea Pearl. and Pearl gemstone jewelry are mainly used to wear for exquisite beauty and classic look, Pearl jewelry is extremely popular among women of all ages. It can be worn on all occasions it should be in a marriage, engagement, parties or office. The beautiful and elegant white color of this stone suit every occasion. we are going to share more detail, Let's check it out .
Marine aquarium decoration and live rocksRaheem P K
This document discusses marine aquarium decoration and live rocks. It describes various decoration options including substrates, artificial and live plants, action ornaments made from driftwood, rocks and corals. Live rocks are discussed as being rubble from coral reefs containing living organisms that provide benefits in saltwater aquariums as biological filters, hiding spaces and food for fish and invertebrates. The document provides details on substrates, artificial and live plants, action ornaments and backgrounds that can enhance the look of an aquarium while providing benefits to its inhabitants.
The document discusses natural gemstones, including their definitions, uses in jewelry and magic, and qualities when raw versus cut. It provides descriptions of common gemstones for sale such as quartz, tourmaline, aquamarine and citrine. Price lists are included with per carat values depending on factors like color, clarity and cut. Bi-color tourmaline options are also listed.
Gems are expensive mineral stones that provide links between various scientific fields. There are about 150 natural gem compounds. Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires sell at the highest prices due to their beauty, rarity, traditions, and perceptions of permanence. Gems have characteristics like color, refractive index, dispersion, absorption, and facets that make them attractive. Their properties like hardness, chemical stability, and double refraction also provide practical applications beyond decoration. Many gems like quartz, topaz, and tourmaline are studied scientifically or believed to have healing properties according to traditions.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
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A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
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This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
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The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
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3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
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P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.