1) The document describes the design, development, and testing of a carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) tie rod to replace existing steel tie rods.
2) Buckling analysis using ANSYS found the critical buckling load of the CFRC tie rod to be 36639N compared to 39610N for steel, indicating superior performance.
3) Experimental buckling testing of fabricated CFRC tie rods found results that validate the numerical analysis, confirming CFRC as a suitable replacement for steel in tie rods.