IR 4.ppt
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This document discusses infrared (IR) spectroscopy and how it can be used to identify functional groups within molecules. IR spectroscopy measures the vibrational and rotational frequencies of molecules which are determined by molecular structure. It provides information on bonds and functional groups such as O-H, C=O, C=C, and C-O based on their distinct absorption frequencies in the infrared region. Factors like bond strength and mass of the bonded atoms affect the stretching vibrational frequencies observed.
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This document provides an overview of molecular spectroscopy techniques, including rotational spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and absorption and emission spectroscopy. Rotational spectroscopy uses microwave spectroscopy to study the quantized rotational energy levels of molecules. Vibrational spectroscopy uses infrared spectroscopy to analyze the quantized vibrational energy levels of bonds as they stretch, bend, and vibrate. Absorption and emission spectroscopy examines how molecules absorb and emit photons during electronic transitions between energy levels.
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2.ir jntu pharmacy
Infrared spectroscopy analyzes the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules to determine their structure. When IR radiation interacts with a molecule, it can cause the bonds and atoms within the molecule to vibrate. For a vibration to be IR active, it must cause a change in the molecule's dipole moment. IR spectroscopy is useful for identifying organic functional groups and determining molecular structure. It has applications in pharmaceutical analysis including identification of drugs and excipients, and quality control of drug formulations.
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6_2018_05_05!06_59_31_PM.ppt
Infrared spectroscopy involves measuring the absorption of infrared radiation by a sample. The infrared spectrum produced provides information about the chemical bonds and molecular structure in the sample. Common methods to obtain an infrared spectrum include measuring absorption, emission, or reflection of infrared radiation. Infrared spectroscopy is widely used to analyze organic materials and some inorganic compounds.
ir spectroscopy
This document discusses infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It provides information on:
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NMR, principle, chemical shift , valu,13 C, application
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2.ir jntu pharmacy
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the study of molecules by recording the interaction of radiofrequency (Rf) electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field.
It is concerned with absorption of certain amount of energy
by spinning nuclei in a magnetic field when irradiated with
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of equivalent energy.
NMR gives the information about the number and configuration of
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Consider a spinning top. It also performs a slower waltz like motion,
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This document discusses the history and theory of infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy was first developed in the 1880s and became a routine analytical technique between 1903-1940. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which provides greater sensitivity and resolution, became common in the 1980s. Infrared spectroscopy is based on the absorption of infrared light by molecules and excitation of vibrational and rotational energy levels. It can be used to identify functional groups and study hydrogen bonding based on how infrared frequencies shift. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy uses an interferometer to encode the infrared spectrum as an interference pattern that can then be converted to a spectrum through Fourier transformation.
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This document provides an introduction to spectroscopic methods of analysis. It defines spectroscopy as the study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. It describes the wave and particle properties of electromagnetic radiation and defines key terms like wavelength, frequency, and photon. It discusses the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and how radiation interacts with atoms and molecules to produce absorption and emission spectra. Finally, it outlines the basic components of optical spectroscopy instruments, including sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, detectors, sample holders, and how these components vary depending on the electromagnetic region being analyzed.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the study of molecules by recording the interaction of radiofrequency (Rf) electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field.
It is concerned with absorption of certain amount of energy
by spinning nuclei in a magnetic field when irradiated with
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of equivalent energy.
NMR gives the information about the number and configuration of
magnetically active atoms, like positions of different types
of Hydrogen over the C- skeleton of an organic molecule.
Absorption of RFR occurs when the nucleus undergoes
transition from one alignment in the applied magnetic field
to the opposite alignment, i.e. from parallel (ground state)
orientation to anti-parallel (excited state) orientation.
When the frequency of the oscillating electric field of the
incoming RFR just matches the frequency of the electric field
generated by the precising nucleus, then the 2 fields can
couple, and the energy can be transferred from the
incoming radiation to the nucleus, thus causing a spin change
(clock-wise to anti-clock-wise).
This condition is called "resonance", and the nucleus is said to
have resonance with the incoming electromagnetic wave
(RFR).
In NMR technique, the frequency of the RFR is kept constant
(60MHz) and the strength of magnetic field is varied.
At certain value of the applied field strength, depending
upon the nature of proton or nucleus, the energy required to
flip the proton matches the energy of radiation.
As a result, absorption takes place and a signal is observed
in the spectrum. Such a signal or peak is called an NMR
Spectrum.
NMR spectrum is graphical plot of relative intensity
(Y axis) and the δ value (x axis).
The nucleus of a hydrogen atom (proton) behaves as a spinning bar magnet because it possesses both electric and magnetic spin.
Like any other spinning charged body, the nucleus of hydrogen atom also generates a magnetic field.
Nuclear magnetic resonance Involves the interaction between an oscillating magnetic field of electromagnetic radiation and the magnetic energy of the hydrogen nucleus or some other type of nuclei when these are placed in an external static magnetic field.
The sample absorbs electromagnetic radiations in radio wave region at different frequencies since absorption depends upon the type of protons or certain nuclei contained in the sample)
Consider a spinning top. It also performs a slower waltz like motion,
in which the spinning axis of the top moves slowly around
the vertical.
This is processional motion & the top is said to be processing around the vertical axis of earth's gravitational field.
The precession arises from the interaction of spin with earth's gravity acting vertically downwards.
It is called Gyroscopic motion.
Proton will be showing processional motion due to interaction of Spin &
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Electromagnetic radiation spans a wide spectrum of frequencies and wavelengths that interact with matter. Spectroscopy techniques analyze these interactions by measuring absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation. Different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are used in techniques like UV-vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and microwave spectroscopy to study molecular structure and identify functional groups. Absorption occurs when radiation excites molecules to higher energy states, while emission spectroscopy analyzes radiation released as molecules return to lower states.
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This document provides an overview of NMR spectroscopy. It begins by explaining the fundamental principles, including that NMR spectroscopy detects the absorption of radio waves by atomic nuclei placed in a magnetic field. It then discusses various aspects of interpreting NMR spectra such as chemical shifts, spin-spin coupling and integrals. The document also covers NMR techniques including Fourier transformation, 2D NMR, and relaxation processes. In summary, the document serves as an introduction to NMR spectroscopy and the principles behind analyzing NMR spectral data.
spectroscopy ppt.pptx
Spectroscopy deals with the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Different types of spectroscopy utilize different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and provide information about molecular structure. Infrared spectroscopy analyzes vibrational and rotational transitions that occur when molecules absorb infrared radiation. It can be used to determine functional groups and molecular structure. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analyzes electronic transitions that occur when molecules absorb ultraviolet or visible radiation. It provides information about molecular structure and composition.
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Ultraviolet spectroscopy is used to study electronic transitions in molecules caused by ultraviolet light. The document discusses key concepts in UV spectroscopy including electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic spectrum, and how molecular orbitals and conjugation affect electronic transitions and absorption spectra. Specifically, it describes how increasing conjugation causes a bathochromic or red shift in absorption maxima due to decreased energy differences between molecular orbitals. The document also discusses applications of UV spectroscopy such as determining molecular structure and stereochemistry.
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REFERENCES ARE ADDED AT LAST , AM SORRY TO ANYONE WHO HURTRD BY THIS PPT, THIS IS FOR STUDENTS TO LEARN
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Introduction
Instrumentation
Sampling techniques
Group frequencies
Factors affecting group frequencies
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy detects the absorption of energy by atomic nuclei placed in a magnetic field. NMR spectroscopy relies on the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei, usually hydrogen-1. When placed in a strong, constant magnetic field, nuclear spins precess around the axis of the field. NMR spectroscopy measures the magnetic properties of the nuclei by applying radio waves of a specific frequency matching the precession frequency. The document discusses the theory, principles, instrumentation, and applications of NMR spectroscopy, including quantum numbers, relaxation processes, solvents used, and instrumentation components such as magnets and radio transmitters.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
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Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
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Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
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IR 4.ppt
- 1. E = h hc = Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 2. 5.7 X 105 9.5 X 103 1.7 X 103 4.8 X 102 9.5 X 10-3 1.2 72 10-4 Electromagnetic Spectrum (Kcal/mol) E = h hc =
- 3. Pi and non-bonding electrons Electromagnetic Spectrum Proton Spin Molecular Rotation Molecular Vibration and rotation nucleus valence electrons
- 4. Pi and non-bonding electrons Electromagnetic Spectrum Proton Spin Molecular Rotation Molecular Vibration and rotation nucleus NMR Microwave Infrared Ultraviolet - Visible Mass Spectrometry X-ray diffractometry valence electrons
- 5. Infrared Spectroscopy To here! From here… Functional Groups: √ OH × C=O × C=C √ C-O Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy gives information on the functional groups within molecules
- 8. Typical stretching vibrations of a methylene group 12a–8
- 9. Different kinds of bending vibrations for a methylene group
- 11. Schematic diagram of a typical infrared spectrophotometer
- 13. Factors affecting IR Stretch Frequency • Masses of atoms at ends of a bond • Springs connecting small weights vibrate faster than springs with large weights. • H-C > C-C • H-O > C-O • Type of bond (force constant) • Shorter, stronger springs vibrate faster than long, weak springs • C≡C > C=C > C-C Hookes’ Law m2 m1
- 15. Fig. 10.15, p. 383 A Good Guide Low Energy High Energy E = h hc =
- 16. Infrared spectra of 1-hexyne & 1-hexene
- 17. Infrared spectra of 1-hexene & 1-hexanol
- 18. Infrared spectra of butanal and 2-butanone
- 19. A Closer Look at Carbonyl Compounds
- 20. A Closer Look at Carbonyl Compounds
- 21. A Closer Look at Carbonyl Compounds